Q2 2025 Pony.ai Inc Earnings Call

Speaker #3: Hello, ladies and gentlemen. Thank you for standing by and welcome to Pony.ai Inc.'s second quarter 2025 earnings conference call. At this time, all participants are in a listen-only mode.

Operator: Hello, ladies and gentlemen. Thank you for standing by and welcome to Pony AI Inc.'s second quarter 2025 earnings conference call. At this time, all participants are in listen-only mode. After the management prepares remarks, there will be a question and answer session. As a reminder, today's conference call is being recorded, and a webcast replay will be available on the company's investor relations website at IR Pony AI under the news and events section. I will now turn the conference over to your host, George Xiao, Head of Capital Markets and Investor Relations at Pony AI. Please go ahead, sir.

Speaker #3: After the management prepares remarks, there will be a question-and-answer session. As a reminder, today's conference call is being recorded, and a webcast replay will be available on the company's investor relations website at ir.ponyai.

Speaker #3: Under the 'News and Events' section. I will now turn the conference over to your host, George Shao. Head of Capital Markets and Investor Relations at Pony AI.

Speaker #3: Please go ahead, sir.

Speaker #4: Thank you, operator. And hello, everyone. We appreciate you joining us today for Pony.ai's second quarter 2025 earnings call. Earlier today, we issued a press release with our financial and operating results.

George Xiao: Thank you, operator, and hello everyone. We appreciate you joining us today for Pony AI Inc. second quarter 2025 earnings call. Earlier today, we issued a press release with our financial and operating results, which is available on our investor relations website. An earnings presentation, which we will refer to during this conference call, can also be accessed and downloaded on our investor relations website. Joining me today on today's call are Dr. James Peng, Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer; Dr. Tiancheng Lou, Chief Technology Officer; and Dr. Liu Wang, Chief Financial Officer of the company. They will provide prepared remarks followed by a Q&A session. Before we begin, please refer to the safe harbor statement in our earnings release, which applies to this call as we will be making forward-looking statements.

Speaker #4: which is available on our Investor Relations website. The earnings presentation, which we will refer to during this conference call, can also be accessed and downloaded on our Investor Relations website.

Speaker #4: Joining me today on today's call are Dr. James Peng, Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer; Dr. Tiancheng Lo, Chief Technology Officer; and Dr. Liu Wang, Chief Financial Officer of the company.

Speaker #4: They will provide prepared remarks followed by a Q&A session. Before we begin, please refer to the safe harbor statement in our earnings release, which applies to this call as we will be making a forward-looking statement.

Speaker #4: Please also note that we will discuss non-GAAP measures today, which are more thoroughly explained and reconciled to the most comparable measures reported under GAAP in our earnings release available on our website and filings with the SEC.

George Xiao: Please also note that we will discuss non-GAAP measures today, which are more thoroughly explained and reconciled to the most comparable measures reported under GAAP in our earnings release available on our website and filings with the SEC. I will now hand it over to our Chairman and CEO, Dr. James Peng. Please go ahead.

Speaker #4: I will now hand it over to our Chairman and CEO, Dr. James Peng. Please go ahead.

Speaker #5: Thank you, George. Hello, everyone. Thank you for joining our earnings call. We have actually had a very exciting quarter. Let me walk you through three achievements that define our success this quarter.

Dr. James Peng: Thank you, George. Hello everyone. Thank you for joining our earnings call. We have actually had a very exciting quarter. Let me walk you through three achievements that define our success this quarter. First, in June, we finished building assembly lines for our Gen 7 robotaxi vehicles. In the last two months, we ramped up production capacity with more than 200 Gen 7 vehicles rolled off the assembly line. This puts us firmly on track to hit our target of 1,000 plus vehicles by year-end of 2025. We have operated Gen 7 robotaxis in all our four tier-one cities in China, with over 2 million kilometers of open road autonomous driving. The path towards positive unit economics is also very clear as we made substantial reduction in key cost items such as remote assistance and vehicle insurance. Second, we continue to expand our robotaxi service areas and our user reach.

Speaker #5: First, in June, we finished building assembly lines for our seventh-generation robo-taxi vehicles. In the last two months, we ramped up production capacity with more than 200 Gen 7 vehicles.

Speaker #5: Rode off the assembly line. This puts us firmly on track to hit our target of over 1,000 vehicles by the end of 2025. We have operated Gen 7 robo-taxis in all our four Tier 1 cities in China, with over 2 million kilometers of open-road autonomous driving.

Speaker #5: The path towards positive unit economics is also very clear. As we made substantial reductions in key cost items such as remote assistance and vehicle insurance.

Speaker #5: Second, we continue to expand our robo-taxi service areas and our user reach. The registered users surged by 136% year-over-year in Q2. In addition, we secured Shanghai's first fully driverless commercial license.

Dr. James Peng: The registered users surged by 136% year over year in Q2. In addition, we secured Shanghai's first fully driverless commercial license and expanded presence globally in cities such as Dubai, Seoul, and Luxembourg. Third, our strong operational momentum has translated into outstanding financial results. On a year-over-year basis, our total revenues surged by a remarkable 76%. Robotaxi revenues have more than doubled, with shared charging revenues growing more than 300%. Now, let me share more details in these areas. As I mentioned previously, we positioned 2025 as the pivotal year of mass production. First, let me talk about the mass production of Gen 7 robotaxi vehicles. The first two models of Gen 7, namely the Guangzhou Automobile Group, the GAC, and Beijing Automotive Industry Corporation, the BAIC models, have entered mass production in June and July, respectively.

Speaker #5: And expanded presence globally in cities such as Dubai, Seoul, and Luxembourg. Third, our strong operational momentum has translated into outstanding financial results. On a year-over-year basis, our total revenues surged by a remarkable 76%.

Speaker #5: Robo-taxi revenues have more than doubled, with spare charging revenues growing more than 300%. Now, let me share more details in these areas. As I mentioned previously, we positioned 2025 as the pivotal year of mass production.

Speaker #5: So first, let me talk about the mass production of Gen 7 robo-taxi vehicles. The first two models of Gen 7, namely the Guangzhou Automobile Group (GAC) and the Beijing Automotive Industry Corporation (BAIC) models.

Speaker #5: We have entered mass production in June and July, respectively. As of today, over 200 vehicles have been produced, which puts us well positioned to reach the 1,000-plus vehicle milestone by year-end.

Dr. James Peng: As of today, over 200 vehicles have been produced, which puts us well positioned to reach the 1,000 plus vehicle milestone by year-end. We have made significant improvements to our Gen 7 vehicles in terms of safety, cost, reliability, and even appearance. The platform features a 100% automotive-grade autonomous driving kit designed for a 600,000-kilometer life cycle. All the sensors are highly integrated with the vehicles and can be pre-assembled. The total bill of materials cost has also reduced 70% compared to our previous generation. That is, the cost dropped to even less than one-third. Building on this foundation, we launched the operation of multiple Gen 7 robotaxi models in all four tier-one cities. This highlights how our autonomous driving systems can reliably adapt to different vehicle platforms and road environments. Since launching, our Gen 7 vehicles have exceeded over 2 million kilometers of on-road autonomous driving mileage.

Speaker #5: We have made significant improvements to our Gen 7 vehicles in terms of safety, cost, reliability, and even appearance. The platform features a 100% automotive-grade autonomous driving kit.

Speaker #5: Designed for a 600,000-kilometer lifecycle, all the sensors are highly integrated with the vehicles and can be pre-assembled. The total bomb cost has also reduced by 70% compared to our previous generation.

Speaker #5: That is, the cost dropped to even less than one-third. Building on this foundation, we launched the operation of multiple Gen 7 robo-taxi models in all four Tier 1 cities.

Speaker #5: This highlights how our autonomous driving systems can reliably adapt to different vehicle platforms and road environments. Since launching, our Gen 7 vehicles have exceeded over 2 million kilometers of on-road autonomous driving mileage.

Speaker #5: The operational environments include extreme weather conditions such as tropical storms, high temperatures, and cold weather conditions. Further validating our vehicle's safety and reliability. So far, we have an impeccable safety track record.

Dr. James Peng: The operational environments include extreme weather conditions such as tropical storms, high temperature, and cold weather conditions, further validating our vehicle's safety and reliability. So far, we have an impeccable safety track record. The overall performance of Gen 7 robotaxis also exceeded our previous generation. The newly designed in-cabin interface provides a much better user experience. We have also made robotaxi fleet operation much more efficient. Notably, we achieved reductions across key cost items such as energy, vehicle insurance, maintenance, remote assistance, and ground support. There are two developments standing out in Q2. The first one is that we have sequentially improved the remote assistance to vehicle ratio, making us confident in achieving one to 30 ratio by year-end. This means that one remote assistant will be capable of monitoring 30 vehicles.

Speaker #5: The overall performance of Gen 7 robo-taxis also exceeded our previous generation. The newly designed in-cabin interface provides a much better user experience. We have also made robo-taxi fleet operation much more efficient.

Speaker #5: Notably, we achieved reductions across key cost items such as energy, vehicle insurance, maintenance, remote assistance, and ground support. There are two developments standing out in Q2.

Speaker #5: The first one is that we have sequentially improved the remote assistance to vehicle ratio, making us confident in achieving a 1 to 30 ratio by year-end.

Speaker #5: This means that one remote assistant will be capable of monitoring 30 vehicles. The second highlight is that we have secured 18% reduction in vehicle insurance costs.

Dr. James Peng: The second highlight is that we have secured an 18% reduction in vehicle insurance costs compared with our prior renewal cycle. As I actually mentioned in the last quarter, our insurance premium was already at just half of the typical cost for traditional human-operated taxis. This further decrease in cost reflects the growing recognition by insurers of our safety track record. With mass production underway, license secured, and service optimized, we are now well positioned to meet the rising demand from users. We continue to accelerate commercial deployment and expand our ecosystem at scale. Our commercial growth continued to gain momentum, with robotaxi service revenue up by 168% year over year. Particularly, we delivered more than 300% year-over-year growth in fair charging revenues.

Speaker #5: Compared with our prior renewal cycle, as actually mentioned in the last quarter, our insurance premium was already at just half of the typical cost.

Speaker #5: For traditional human-operated taxis. This further decrease in cost reflects the growing recognition by insurers of our safety track record. With mass production underway, license secured and service optimized.

Speaker #5: We are now well positioned to meet the rising demand from users. The continued we continue to accelerate commercial deployment and expand our ecosystem. At scale.

Speaker #5: Our commercial growth continued to gain momentum. With robo-taxi service revenue up by 158% year-over-year. Particularly, we delivered more than 300% year-over-year growth in spare charging revenues.

Speaker #5: The impressive growth momentum was fueled by our accelerated deployment of robo-taxis. Across all four Tier 1 cities, enabling us to expand into a broader range of use cases.

Dr. James Peng: The impressive growth momentum was fueled by our accelerated deployment of robotaxis across all four tier-one cities, enabling us to expand into a broader range of use cases and boost higher user adoption. Additionally, our efforts to optimize the user experience significantly enhanced user engagement, reinforcing customers' recognition and trust in our robotaxi services. To further accelerate this momentum, we continued our effort in building a mobility ecosystem. In June, we formed a strategic partnership with Xiwu Group, which is the largest taxi operator and fleet manager in Shenzhen. We plan to jointly deploy over 1,000 robotaxis in Shenzhen in the coming years. This collaboration pairs our AI-powered technology and service expertise with Xiwu's operational scale and deep local experience. Let me switch gears towards expanding services to a broader user reach.

Speaker #5: And boost higher user adoption. Additionally, our efforts to optimize the user experience significantly enhanced user engagement. Reinforcing customer recognition and trust. In our robo-taxi services.

Speaker #5: To further accelerate this momentum, we continued our effort in building a mobility ecosystem. In June, we formed a strategic partnership with Xihu Group, which is the largest taxi operator and fleet manager in Shenzhen.

Speaker #5: We plan to jointly deploy over 1,000 robo-taxis in Shenzhen in the coming years. This collaboration pairs our AI-powered technology and service expertise with Xihu's operational scale and deep local experience.

Speaker #5: Now, let me switch gears towards expanding services to a broader user reach. We have seen strong user adoption in the second quarter, with registered users surging by 136% year-over-year.

Dr. James Peng: We have seen strong user adoption in the second quarter, with registered users surging by 136% year over year. Even with a larger user base, our user satisfaction rate remains well above 4.8 out of 5. Currently, we have secured permits in all four tier-one cities for our Gen 7 vehicles. As we continue to add more vehicles to our fleet, we expect to enter even larger scale operations for many more users to enjoy. Particularly, we are one of the first companies to receive a permit for fully driverless commercial robotaxi service in Shanghai's Pudong District. Following the acquisition of this permit, we become the only company to have commercial fully driverless operations in all four tier-one cities. This showcases both our technological maturity and solid operational capabilities.

Speaker #5: Even with a larger user base, our user satisfaction rate remains well above 4.8 out of 5. Currently, we have secured permits in all four Tier 1 cities for our Gen 7 vehicles.

Speaker #5: As we continue to add more vehicles to our fleet. We expect to enter even larger scale operations for many more users to enjoy. Particularly, we are one of the first companies to receive a permit for fully driverless commercial robo-taxi service.

Speaker #5: In Shanghai's Pudong District, following the acquisition of this permit, we become the only company to have commercial, fully driverless operations in all four Tier 1 cities.

Speaker #5: This showcases both our technological maturity and solid operational capabilities. Recently, we also expanded the spare charging robo-taxi service from 15 hours per day to full 24/7 coverage in Guangzhou and Shenzhen to better meet the rising user demand.

Dr. James Peng: Recently, we also extended the fair charging robotaxi service from 15 hours per day to a full 24/7 coverage in Guangzhou and Shenzhen to better meet the rising user demand. This expanded operating window now captures late night and early morning trips. Let me share the updates on our global expansion. Our international playbook focuses on entering strategic markets with hyper-growth potential. To date, we have established presence in seven countries across China, East Asia, Europe, and the Middle East. During Q2 this year, we made significant strides in Dubai, Seoul, and Luxembourg. In the Middle East, we established our presence in Dubai, the largest and most populous city in UAE. We formed a strategic collaboration with the Dubai Roads and Transport Authority to integrate our autonomous driving technology into the city's transportation ecosystem. Initial trials will begin in late 2025, followed by fully driverless operations shortly after.

Speaker #5: This expanded operating window now captures late night and early morning trips. So now, let me switch share the updates on our global expansion. Our international playbook, focused on entering strategic markets with hyper-growth potential.

Speaker #5: To date, we have established presence in seven countries across China, East Asia, Europe, and the Middle East. During Q2 this year, we made significant strides in Dubai, Seoul, and Luxembourg.

Speaker #5: In the Middle East, we established our presence in Dubai, the largest and most populous city in UAE. We formed a strategic collaboration with the Dubai Roads and Transport Authority to integrate our autonomous driving technology into the city's transportation ecosystem.

Speaker #5: Initial trials will begin in late 2025, followed by fully driverless operations shortly after. We have also advanced our presence in South Korea by securing nationwide permits.

Dr. James Peng: We have also advanced our presence in South Korea by securing nationwide permits. We are conducting extensive on-road operations in Gangnam District, which is the heart of Seoul. We have navigated complex urban environments and we showed reliability under challenging conditions such as winter snowfalls. In the second quarter, we began nighttime and early morning operations, which is a significant step towards 24/7 operations. Shifting to Europe, we have obtained a testing permit early this year in Luxembourg. By partnering with MEWeibel, Luxembourg's leading mobility and fleet service provider, we launched our road test in the city of Lingen. Our goal is to use Luxembourg as a launch pad to serve future European expansion. In summary, we have laid a solid foundation for large-scale commercial robotaxi operation. 2025 is the pivotal year of mass production for Pony AI Inc., and we have already made it happen.

Speaker #5: We are conducting extensive on-road operations in the Gangnam district, which is the heart of Seoul. We have navigated complex urban environments and have shown reliability under challenging conditions, such as winter snowfalls.

Speaker #5: In the second quarter, we began nighttime and early morning operations, which is a significant step towards 24/7 operations. Shifting to Europe, we obtained testing permits earlier this year in Luxembourg.

Speaker #5: By partnering with ME Weber, the Luxembourg's leading mobility and fleet service provider. We launched our road tests in the city of Leningrad. Our goal is to use Luxembourg as a launch pad to serve future European expansions.

Speaker #5: In summary, we have laid a solid foundation for large-scale commercial robo-taxi operations. 2025 is the pivotal year of mass production for Pony AI. And we have already made it happen.

Speaker #5: With Gen 7 robo-taxis rolling off the production line and being deployed across major cities globally, we are driving strongly towards positive unit economics. We are entering a new phase of multiple-year accelerating growth.

Dr. James Peng: With Gen 7 robotaxi vehicles rolling off the production line and deployment across major cities globally, we are driving strongly towards positive unit economics and entering a new phase of multiple-year accelerating growth. In the coming quarters, our main focus will be scaling up with a solid plan and great execution in place. I am extremely excited about the future of Pony AI Inc. in revolutionizing the mobility industry. This concludes my remarks. Now, I will hand it over to our Chief Technology Officer, Dr. Tiancheng Lou. Tiancheng, please go ahead.

Speaker #5: In the coming quarters, our main focus will be scaling up, with a solid plan and great execution in place. We are extremely excited about the future of Pony.ai.

Speaker #5: In revolutionizing the mobility industry. This concludes my remarks. Now, I will hand it over to our CTO, Dr. Tiancheng Lo. Tiancheng, please go ahead.

Speaker #6: Thanks, Kim. So hello, everyone. This is Tiancheng. I'm very proud of what we have achieved in the second quarter. We have started mass production of Gen 7 robo-taxis.

George Xiao: Thanks, James. Hello everyone, this is Tiancheng. I am very proud of what we have achieved in the second quarter. We have started mass production of Gen 7 robotaxi vehicles. This shows that we have scaled up autonomous mobility technology. It also proves that we have constructed two important pillars for the robotaxi industry: fully driverless and scale. These two pillars are the foundation of the success of the robotaxi business. Let me elaborate a little bit more. Fully driverless means no safety operator inside the car at all. This is a strong indicator that technology already meets safety standards. It also means the developed software and hardware systems provide sufficient redundancy to handle extreme cases. If something breaks, the car can still work well. After we get to fully driverless, the next pillar is scale. This refers to the number of fully driverless robotaxi vehicles.

Speaker #6: This shows that we have scaled up autonomous mobility technology. It also proves that we have constructed two important pillars for the robo-taxi industry. Fully driverless and scale.

Speaker #6: These two pillars are the foundation of success of robo-taxi business. Let me elaborate a little more. So fully driverless means no safety operator inside the car at all.

Speaker #6: This is a strong indicator that technology already meets safety standards. It also means the developed software and hardware systems provide sufficient redundancy to handle extreme cases.

Speaker #6: So if something breaks, the car can still work well. After we get to fully driverless, the next pillar is scale. This refers to the number of fully driverless robo-taxis, which should be at least an order of hundreds, running on the road every day with a large enough ODD.

George Xiao: It should be at least the order of hundreds running on the road every day with a large enough ODD. People can just open their ride-sharing apps and call robotaxi vehicles at their convenience. Based on these two standards, the development of L4 robotaxi technology universally follows three consecutive stages. The first stage, cars still need a safety operator, either in the driver's seat or passenger's seat. The safety operator inside the vehicle has to step in to take over to mitigate any potential incidents. These incidents may be caused by AI model errors, hardware failures, or simply traffic scenarios that the vehicle cannot handle. Second stage, cars can run without any safety operator in the car, although it is still limited in a relatively small scale, such as roughly a dozen of cars. At this stage, vehicles are equipped with a redundant system which can handle hardware failures.

Speaker #6: People can just open their ride-sharing apps and call a robo-taxi at their convenience. Based on these two standards, the development of all four robo-taxi technologies universally follows three consecutive stages.

Speaker #6: The first stage costs still need a safety operator. Either in the driver's seat or passenger seat. The safety operator inside the vehicle has to step in to take over to mitigate any potential incidents.

Speaker #6: This incident may be caused by air motor errors, hardware failures, or simply traffic scenarios that the vehicle cannot handle. In the second stage, cars can run without any safety operator in the car.

Speaker #6: Although it's still limited on a relatively small scale, such as roughly a dozen cars, at this stage, vehicles are equipped with redundant systems.

Speaker #6: Which can handle hardware failures. It was also means the safety capability of the whole system reached roughly a similar level as a typical human driver.

George Xiao: It also means the safety capability of the whole system reaches roughly a similar level as a typical human driver. Moving to the third stage, robotaxi vehicles can go fully driverless with hundreds of cars open to the public. They can also run 24/7 in all weather conditions, especially during rush hours. Once robotaxi vehicles can operate without any safety operator in the car, it must reach a significantly high level of safety to enable large-scale operations. The reason is that, statistically speaking, as the fleet size gets bigger and the cars drive more mileage every day, there are higher possibilities for potential errors to occur. As such, to scale up safely, the whole system has to meet much higher safety standards. As a result, the size of the fully driverless fleet is directly proportioned to the high standard of safety and reliability.

Speaker #6: Moving to the third stage, robo-taxis can go fully driverless with hundreds of cars open to the public. They can also run 24/7 in all weather conditions.

Speaker #6: Especially during rush hours. Once robo-taxis can operate without any safety operator in the car, it must reach a significant high level of safety to enable large-scale operations.

Speaker #6: With the reasoning that statistically speaking, as the fleet size gets bigger, and the cars drive more mileage every day, they are at higher possibility for potential error to occur.

Speaker #6: As such, to scale up safely, the whole system has to meet much higher safety standards. As a result, the size of the fully driverless fleet is directly proportional to the high standard of safety and reliability.

Speaker #6: Only teams that truly trust their technology will run fully driverless service on a large scale. At this stage, the system can handle complex driving situations.

George Xiao: Only teams that truly trust their technology will run fully driverless service on a large scale. At this stage, the system can handle complex driving situations, and this is at least 10x safer than a human driver. That means users can easily access fully driverless robotaxi service whenever they want, even through tough conditions like heavy rains or snowstorms. They will get a ride that is reliable and safe at all times. We are proud that Pony AI Inc. has already achieved the third stage in 2024, last year. Our current extended operation in Shanghai is a good example. Let me elaborate. In July, we secured a newly issued fully driverless commercial license in the Pudong District of Shanghai, and we offered robotaxi service to the public during the World AI Conference, WAIC. We stood out in two ways.

Speaker #6: And this is at least 10X safer than a human driver. That means users can easily access a fully driverless robo-taxi service whenever they want, even through tough conditions like heavy rains or snowstorms.

Speaker #6: They will get a ride that is reliable and safe at all times. So we are proud that Pony AI have already achieved the third stage in 2024.

Speaker #6: Last year, with our current expanded operation in Shanghai, it's a good example. Let me elaborate. In July, we secured the newly issued fully driverless commercial license in the Pudong district of Shanghai.

Speaker #6: And we offer the robo-taxi service in the public to the public during World AI Conference, WAIC. We stood out in two ways. Number one, we were the only company with fully driverless and on-demand ride-sharing service to the public.

George Xiao: Number one, we were the only company with fully driverless and on-demand ride-sharing service to the public. Number two, Shanghai was raining during the conference. We were the only company to remain operational in heavy rains. The fast speed at which we are scaling up fully driverless robotaxi in Shanghai shows we have over-strong generalization capability. This is powered by our high-fidelity training environment and the evaluation systems. Today, people in all four tier-one cities can call our fully driverless robotaxi and get to anywhere they are going. Our latest Gen 7 robotaxi platform powers fully driverless and scalable services. We also enforce rigorous engineering practices to enforce our safety-first principle. We have already mass-produced over 200 Gen 7 robotaxis and proven they are ready for large-scale deployment. Our multiple Gen 7 models are equipped with a multi-sensor suite and a new computing platform with four ORX chips.

Speaker #6: Number two, Shanghai was raining during the conference. We were the only company to remain operational in heavy rains. The fast speed at which we are scaling up fully driverless robo-taxis in Shanghai shows we have an overstrong generalization capability.

Speaker #6: This is powered by our high-fidelity training environment and the evaluation system. Today, people in all four Tier 1 cities can call over fully driverless robo-taxi and get to anywhere they are going.

Speaker #6: Our latest Gen 7 robo-taxi platform powers fully driverless and scalable services. We also enforce rigorous engineering practices to uphold our safety-first principle.

Speaker #6: We have already mass-produced over 200 Gen 7 robo-taxis and proven they are ready for large-scale deployment. Our multiple Gen 7 models are equipped with multi-sensor suites and a new computing platform with four RX chips.

Speaker #6: These vehicles have achieved over 2 million kilometers on public roads across all four Tier 1 cities. The testing in diverse conditions shows the reliability of our entire autonomous driving stack.

George Xiao: This vehicle has achieved over 2 million kilometers on public road across all four tier-one cities. The testing in diverse conditions shows the reliability of our entire autonomous driving stack. With much better integrated sensor setup and upgraded sensor cleaning system, the vehicles are much more reliable even in extreme weather and heavy traffic conditions. More importantly, the target of 1,000 robotaxi vehicles is just the start. As the service area expanded and the fleet gets denser, the network effects will kick in. This means that the user can reach more destinations and with less time for a ride. Overall, a much better user experience. We have also enhanced the in-cabin experience for Gen 7 robotaxis, such as voice interactive features. All this will lead to an accelerating multi-year growth trajectory. To wrap up, our achievement makes the second quarter reinforce our confidence in the path forward.

Speaker #6: Which much better integrates sensor setup and upgraded sensor cleaning systems. The vehicles are much more reliable even in extreme weathers and heavy traffic conditions.

Speaker #6: One important note is that the target of 1,000 robo-taxi vehicles is just a start. As the service area expands and the fleet gets denser, the network effect will kick in.

Speaker #6: This means that the user can reach more destinations in less time for a ride. Overall, it's a much better user experience. We have also enhanced the in-cabin experience for Gen 7 robo-taxis.

Speaker #6: Such as voice interactive features. All this will lead to accelerating a multi-year growth trajectory. To wrap up, our achievements in the second quarter reinforce our confidence in the path forward.

Speaker #6: Mass production is firmly on track. With Guangzhou Auto and Beijing Auto Gen 7 vehicle production ramping up fast. We are continuously improving our operational efficiency and reducing the relevant costs.

George Xiao: Mass production is firmly on track, with GAC and BAIC Gen 7 vehicle production ramping up fast. We are continuously improving our operational efficiency and reducing the relevant costs. All these efforts put us in a strong position to scale up autonomous mobility rapidly. This concludes my prepared remarks. I will now pass the call to our CFO, Dr. Liu Wang, to review our financial results. Liu, please go ahead.

Speaker #6: All this effort puts us in a strong position to scale up autonomous mobility rapidly. This concludes my prepared remarks. I will now pass the call to our CFO, Dr. Liu Wang, to reveal our financial results.

Speaker #6: Liu, please go ahead.

Speaker #7: Thank you, Tiancheng. Hello, everyone. This is Liu. I will be focusing on year-over-year comparisons for the second quarter. Unless otherwise specified. Q2 was another strong quarter.

Dr. James Peng: Thank you, Tiancheng. Hello everyone, this is Liu. I will be focusing on year-over-year comparisons for the second quarter, unless otherwise specified. Q2 was another strong quarter, marked by robust revenues growth and significant progress in the mass production of our Gen 7 robotaxi fleet, while also maintaining disciplined investment. In the second quarter, total revenues finished at $21.5 million, growing by 76% year over year, mainly driven by robust growth in both robotaxi services and licensing and applications, a clear demonstration of our effective commercialization execution. Robotaxi service revenues reached $1.5 million, representing another quarter of rapid year-over-year growth of 158%. Both fair charging services and project-based engineering solutions continued to expand strongly. In particular, fair charging revenues expanded by more than 300% year over year.

Speaker #7: Marked by robust revenue growth and a significant progress in the mass production of our Gen 7 robo-taxi fleet. While also maintaining disciplined investment. In the second quarter, total revenues finished at 21.5 million US dollars.

Speaker #7: Growing by 76% year-over-year, mainly driven by robust growth in both robo-taxi services and licensing and applications. This is a clear demonstration of our effective commercialization execution.

Speaker #7: Robo-taxi service revenues reached $1.5 million, representing another quarter of rapid year-over-year growth of 158%. Both spare charging services and the project-based engineering solutions continue to expand strongly.

Speaker #7: In particular, spare charging revenues expanded by more than 300% year-over-year. The strong growth was driven by expanding user adoption and the demand in Tier 1 cities in China.

Dr. James Peng: The strong growth was driven by expanding user adoption and demand in tier-one cities in China, as well as an increased fleet of robotaxi vehicles. In addition, through ongoing optimization of our pricing and operational strategies across diverse user segments, we continued to enhance user engagement and service efficiency. Such growth momentum underscores our commitment to establishing a scalable and recurring monetization model, enhancing our long-term business visibility. Moving to robo truck services, revenues were $9.5 million, as we proactively optimized our operation to focus on high margin revenues. Robot truck services revenues were down by 10% year over year for the second quarter. Licensing and application revenues were $10.4 million, growing significantly by 902% year over year. We saw increasing orders and deliveries for autonomous domain controller sales, driven by both new and existing robo delivery clients.

Speaker #7: As well as an increased fleet of robo-taxi vehicles. In addition, through ongoing optimization of our pricing and operational strategies. Across diverse user segments. We continue to enhance user engagement and the service efficiency.

Speaker #7: Such growth momentum underscores our commitment to establishing a scalable and recurring monetization model, enhancing our long-term business visibility. We are moving to robo-truck services. Revenues were $9.5 million.

Speaker #7: As we proactively optimized our operation to focus on high-margin revenues. Robo-truck services revenue were down by 10%. Year-over-year for the second quarter. Licensing and application revenues were 10.4 million US dollars.

Speaker #7: Growing significantly by 902% year-over-year, we saw increasing orders and deliveries for autonomous domain controller sales, driven by both new and existing robo-delivery clients.

Speaker #7: Turning to gross margin, it improved year-over-year to 16.1%, with gross profit of $3.5 million in the second quarter. As mentioned in the last quarter, we continue to advance initiatives aimed at reducing gross margin variability.

Dr. James Peng: Turning to gross margin, it improved year over year to 16.1%, with gross profit of $3.5 million in the second quarter. As mentioned in the last quarter, we continue to advance initiatives aimed at reducing gross margin variability with a focused strategy on prioritizing high margin revenues within robotaxi and robo truck services. I also want to highlight that we made solid progress in optimizing robotaxi unit economics, such as remote assistance and vehicle insurance. Total operating expenses were $64.7 million, up by 75% year over year. The increase in share-based compensation expenses reflected the normalization of expense recognition following our IPO in November 2024, as vesting is no longer a contingent of IPO completion. Excluding share-based compensation expenses, non-GAAP operating expenses were $57.5 million, up 59% year over year.

Speaker #7: With a focused strategy on prioritizing high-margin revenues within robo-taxi and robo-truck services. I also want to highlight that we made solid progress in optimizing robo-taxi unit economics.

Speaker #7: Such as remote assistance and vehicle insurance. Total operating expenses were 64.7 million US dollars. Up by 75% year-over-year. The increase in share-based compensation expenses reflected the normalization of expense recognition following our IPO in November 2024.

Speaker #7: As vesting is no longer contingent, of IPO completion. Excluding share-based compensation expenses, non-GAAP operating expenses were 57.5 million US dollars. Up 59% year-over-year. The increase was primarily driven by increased investments in mass production.

Dr. James Peng: The increase was primarily driven by increased investments in mass production, alongside employee expenses aimed at strengthening our R&D capacity for Gen 7 robotaxi vehicles. Net loss for the second quarter was $53.3 million, an increase from $30.9 million in the same period last year. Non-GAAP net loss was $46.1 million, compared with $30.3 million in the same period of last year, primarily reflecting increased investments in mass production and R&D employee expenses for concurrent development of Gen 7 vehicle models. As we drive towards large-scale robotaxi mass production and deployment, our disciplined investments remain a top priority as we enter this critical scaling phase. Turning to the balance sheet and cash flow, our combined cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, short-term investments, and the long-term debt instrument for wealth management were $747.7 million as of June 30, 2025.

Speaker #7: Alongside employee expenses aimed at strengthening our R&D capacity for Gen 7 robo-taxi vehicles. The net loss for the second quarter was $53.3 million.

Speaker #7: An increase from 30.9 million US dollars in the same period last year. Non-GAAP net loss was 46.1 million US dollars compared with 30.3 million US dollars in the same period of last year.

Speaker #7: Primarily reflecting increased investments in mass production and R&D employee expenses. For concurrent development of Gen 7 vehicle models. As we drive towards large-scale robo-taxi mass production and the deployment.

Speaker #7: Our disciplined investment remains a top priority as we enter this critical scaling phase. Turning to the balance sheet and cash flow, our combined cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash.

Speaker #7: Short-term investments and the long-term debt instrument for wealth management was 747.7 million US dollars as of June 30, 2025. The quarterly financing cash inflow increased by 33.1 million US dollars.

Dr. James Peng: The quarterly financing cash inflow increased by $33.1 million, mainly due to employee shared sales following the expiration of the lockup period, resulting in funds collected on behalf of employees for future distribution. With the imminent scaling up and commercial deployment, we believe our current cash reserves are well positioned to support our operational needs. At the same time, we remain proactive in exploring additional opportunities to ensure long-term financial resilience. Looking ahead, with disciplined investment in place and mass production underway, we are very on track to reach 1,000 robotaxi fleet size target, already with over 200 contributed by the Gen 7 robotaxi fleet. With a competitive cost structure for the latest Gen 7 vehicles and a well-executed go-to-market strategy, we have laid a solid foundation for large-scale commercialization moving forward. I will now turn the call over to the operator and begin our Q&A session. Thank you.

Speaker #7: Mainly due to employee share sales. Following the expiration of the lockup period. Resulting in funds collected on behalf of employees for future distribution. With the imminent scaling up and the commercial deployment.

Speaker #7: We believe our current cash reserves are well positioned to support our operational needs. In the same time, we remain proactive in exploring additional opportunities.

Speaker #7: To ensure long-term financial resilience. Looking ahead, with disciplined investment in place and a mass production underway. We are very on track to reach 1,000 robo-taxi fleet size target.

Speaker #7: Already with over 200 contributed by the Gen 7 robo-taxi fleet. With a competitive cost structure for the latest Gen 7 vehicles. And a well-executed go-to-market strategy.

Speaker #7: We have laid a solid foundation for large-scale commercialization moving forward. I will now turn the call over to the operator and begin our Q&A session.

Speaker #7: Thank you.

Speaker #8: Thank you. We will now begin the question and answer session. To ask a question, you may press star then one on your telephone keypad.

Operator: Thank you. We will now begin the question and answer session. To ask a question, you may press star, then one on your telephone keypad. If you are using a speaker phone, please pick up the handset before pressing the keys. To withdraw your question, please press star, then two. For the benefit of all participants on today's call, please limit yourself to two questions. If you have more questions, please re-enter the question queue. If you ask questions in Chinese, please repeat them in English. First question is from Ming-Hun Lee, Bank of America.

Speaker #8: If you are using a speakerphone, please pick up the handset before pressing the keys. To withdraw your question, please press star then two. For the benefit of all participants on today's call, please limit yourself to two questions.

Speaker #8: If you have more questions, please re-enter the question queue. If you have questions in Chinese, please repeat them in English. First question is from Ming Huns Li, Bank of America.

Speaker #9: Thank you, management, for taking my question and a congratulation on a solid progress of your mass production so I only have one question. Could you share more thoughts on your production plan throughout the second half of 2025?

Analyst: Thank you, management, for taking my question and congratulations on the solid progress of your mass production. I only have one question. Could you share more thoughts on your production plan throughout the second half of 2025?

Speaker #5: This is Jens. I'll take this call. As I mentioned, in my prepared remarks today, we are firmly on track to reach our 2025 production target.

Dr. James Peng: This is James. I will take this call. As I mentioned in my prepared remarks today, we are firmly on track to reach our 2025 production target. In less than two months, we have already ramped up production with over 200 Gen 7 robotaxi vehicles. It showed a clear accelerating momentum. As of now, we are very confident in surpassing a fleet size of 1,000 plus by year-end. The key actually to achieve the robotaxi mass production lies in ramping up its efficiency, which involves a comprehensive process such as equipment calibration and also the staff training. This ensures a steady increase in production volume while upholding the highest safety standards. As of now, we have already reached a scalable production cycle. In addition, the key components are already secured through our agile and holistic sourcing strategy.

Speaker #5: In less than two months, we have already ramped up production with over 200 Gen 7 robo-taxi vehicles. It shows clear accelerating momentum. As of now, we are very confident in surpassing a fleet size of over 1,000 by year-end.

Speaker #5: The key actually to achieve the robo-taxi mass production lies in the ramping up its efficiency. Which involves comprehensive process such as equipment calibration and also the staff training.

Speaker #5: This steps ensure a steady increase in production volume while upholding the highest safety standards. As of now, we have already reached a scalable production cycle.

Speaker #5: In addition, the key components are already secured. Through our agile and holistic sourcing strategy. This not only ensures sufficient inventory to support production pace, but also helps to maintain the bomb cost stability.

Dr. James Peng: This not only ensures sufficient inventory to support production pace, but also helps to maintain the bill of materials cost stability. Currently, we have completed the retooling of assembly lines for both the BAIC and GAC Gen 7 robotaxi models. Both of these models have entered the SOP phase, that is the startup production phase, with a steady production rate reflecting our strong execution. These vehicles have begun on-road testing, and so far we have an impeccable safety track record with more than 2 million kilometers of operation. The results confirm they met all our stringent safety requirements. Now, let us also look at the unit economics. The bill of materials cost of our Gen 7 robotaxi has been reduced by 70% compared with the previous generation.

Speaker #5: Currently, we have completed the returning of assembly lines for both the BAIC and GAC Gen 7 robo-taxi models. Both of these models have entered the SOP phase.

Speaker #5: That is the startup production phase. With steady production rate. Reflecting our strong execution. These vehicles have begun on-road testing and so far we have impeccable safety track record.

Speaker #5: With more than 2 million kilometers of operation. And the results confirmed they met all our stringent safety requirements. Now, let's also look at the unit economics.

Speaker #5: The bomb cost of our Gen 7 robo-taxi has been reduced by 70% compared with the previous generation. During Q2, we have also made major improvements.

Dr. James Peng: During Q2, we have also made major improvements in robotaxi fleet operations, such as enhanced remote assistance efficiency and a decrease in the vehicle insurance. This is further reinforced by our proven go-to-market strategy, as we have seen a strong growth in fair charging revenues. With all these improvements, I am actually now very confident in reaching positive unit economics for our Gen 7 vehicles. With this, back to the operator.

Speaker #5: In robo-taxi fleet operations, we observe enhanced remote assistance efficiency and a decrease in vehicle insurance. This is further reinforced by our proven go-to-market strategy.

Speaker #5: As we have seen a strong growth in spare charging revenues, I am actually now very confident in reaching positive unit economics for our Gen 7 vehicles.

Speaker #5: With this, back to the operator.

Speaker #8: Next question is from Bin Wang Deutsche Bank.

Operator: Next question is from Bin Wang, Deutsche Bank.

Speaker #9: Thank you. Your robo-taxi revenue growth is very strong once again this quarter. Can you elaborate the key drivers behind the solid growth? For example, what's the fleet size at the beginning of the quarter and the end of the second quarter?

Analyst: Thank you. Your robotaxi revenue growth is very strong once again this quarter. Can you elaborate on the key drivers behind the solid growth? For example, what is the fleet size at the beginning of the quarter and the end of the second quarter? Thank you.

Speaker #9: Thank you.

Speaker #5: Yeah, this is Liu. I'll take this question. As I mentioned earlier, our robo-taxi service revenue rose by 138% year-over-year. Powered by a more than 300% expansion in spare charging revenues.

Dr. James Peng: Yeah, this is Liu. I will take this question. As I mentioned earlier, our robotaxi service revenue rose by 158% year over year, powered by a more than 300% expansion in fair charging revenues. This growth actually stems from expanding user adoption and demand in tier-one cities in China, coupled with an increased deployed fleet of robotaxis. Through ongoing optimization to our pricing and also operation strategies across diverse user segments, we have greatly improved the user engagement and the service efficiency. Our current user satisfaction rate is well above 4.8 out of 5. Additionally, we are currently operating across 2,000 square kilometers in tier-one cities in China. That is more than 20 times the size of the city of San Francisco. This provides us ample market space to deploy a larger scale robotaxi fleet. Looking ahead, increasing vehicle density in these regions remains our top priority.

Speaker #5: This growth actually stems from expanding user adoption and the demand in Tier 1 cities in China. Coupled with the increased deployed fleet of robo-taxis.

Speaker #5: Through ongoing optimization of our pricing and operation strategies across diverse user segments, we have greatly improved user engagement and service efficiency.

Speaker #5: Our current user satisfaction rate is well above 4.8 out of 5. Additionally, we are currently operating across 2,000 square kilometers in Tier 1 cities in China.

Speaker #5: That's more than 20 times the size of the city of San Francisco. This provides us ample market space to deploy a larger scale robo-taxi fleet.

Speaker #5: So looking ahead, increasing vehicle density in these regions remains our top priority. We expect the notable improvements in vehicle accessibility and the user experience.

Dr. James Peng: We expect notable improvements in vehicle accessibility and the user experience, which in turn will incentivize higher demands. By continuously scaling up production and deployment, we are well positioned to improve vehicle utilization and the user experience. We believe these factors will be the key drivers of a scalable and recurring monetization model that strengthens our business visibility over the long term. Now, I will get back to the operator.

Speaker #5: Which in turn will incentivize higher demands. By continuously scaling up production and the deployment. We are well positioned to improve vehicle utilization and the user experience.

Speaker #5: We believe these factors will be the key drivers of a scalable and recurring monetization model, strengthening our business visibility over the long term.

Speaker #5: Now, I'll get back to the operator.

Speaker #8: Next question is from Ding Song, Goldman Sachs.

Operator: Next question is from Ding Song, Goldman Sachs.

Speaker #10: Thanks for taking my question. I have one question. Currently, China's Ministry of Public Security commented on the intelligence driving systems and autonomous driving. What does this mean for the L4 robo-taxi industry, and are there any changes in the government's attitude toward the industry?

Analyst: Thank you for taking my question. I have one question. Currently, China's Ministry of Public Security commented on the intelligent driving systems and autonomous driving. What does this mean for the L4 robotaxi industry, and are there any changes in the government's attitude on the industry? Thank you.

Speaker #10: Thank you.

Speaker #5: This is Tiancheng. I will take this question. The recent comment you mentioned actually reinforced the distinguishing between L2 driving assistance and L4 autonomous driving.

George Xiao: This is Dr. Tiancheng Lou. I will take this question. The recent comment you mentioned actually reinforced the distinction between L2 driving assistance and L4 autonomous driving. The government quite messaged that L2 and L4 are two completely different products. Current L2 driving assistance, intelligent driving systems, have not yet achieved fully the autonomy that L4 can achieve. Under L2, the driver remains ultimately responsible for vehicle operation. This is aligned with the MIT comments early in April this year. They all set a clear boundary that L2 is a driving assistance system and L4 is autonomous driving. This is actually beneficial for us. It helps the public clearly understand the distinction between L2 and L4 systems and reduces the risk of users mistakenly treating L2 as for L4 autonomous driving. In addition, the difference in responsibility will result in different safety standards.

Speaker #5: The government's core message is that L2 and L4 are two completely different products. Current L2 driving assistance intelligent driving systems have not yet achieved fully autonomy that L4 can achieve.

Speaker #5: And under L2, the driver remains ultimately responsible for vehicle operation. This is aligned with the MIT comments early in April this year. They all said a clear boundary that L2 is a driving assistance system and L4 is autonomous driving.

Speaker #5: So this is actually beneficial for us. It helps the public clearly understand the distinguishing between L2 and L4 systems. And reduces the risk of user mistakenly treating L2 as L4 autonomous driving.

Speaker #5: In addition, the difference in responsibility will result in different safety standards. The L2 system's liability lies with the drivers. In contrast, the L4 system has full responsibility resulting in a safety first principle.

George Xiao: The L2 system's liability lies with the drivers. In contrast, the L4 system has full responsibility, resulting in a safety-first principle and the rigorous engineering practice. Given above, Pony AI Inc. is a company dedicated to L4 solutions. Achieving L4 autonomous driving requires very high safety standards. It will also need a multi-layer software and hardware architecture that provides redundancy in the event of system component failures. It must include critical components as sensors. Computing

Speaker #5: And the rigorous engineering practice. Given above, Pony AI is a company dedicated to L4 solutions. Achieving L4 autonomous driving requires very high safety standards.

Speaker #5: It was also needed a multi-layer software and hardware architecture that provides redundancy in the event of system component failures. It must include critical components as sensors, computing, controls, and power systems.

Dr. Liu Wang: controls and the power systems. In China, to obtain fully driverless permits, redundant systems must be tested in many complicated situations, such as handling prospective coming out of black vault. That is why most mass-produced vehicles out there need to add extra redundancy to meet the specific requirement. With that, back to the operator.

Speaker #5: In China, to obtain fully driverless permit, redundancies must be tested in many complicated situations. Such as handling factories coming out of blank slots. That's why most mass-produced vehicles out there need to add extra redundancy to meet these basic requirements.

Speaker #5: With that, back to the operator.

Speaker #8: Next question is from Chu Yang Yi. What high securities?

Operator: Next question is from Chu Yan Yi, Hua Tai Securities.

Speaker #11: Yes. Thank you for taking my questions. This is Chu Yang from Huatai. So first of all, congratulations on your recent business development expansion. So my question is, as you look at new market expansion, what are the key technical requirements to enter new job offers?

George Xiao: Yes, thank you for taking my questions. This is Chu Yan from Hua Tai. First of all, congratulations on your recent business development and expansion. My question is, as you look at new market expansion, what are the key technical requirements to enter new geographies? How confident are you in your system's ability to adapt quickly and safely to different environments? Thank you.

Dr. Liu Wang: This is Dr. Tiancheng Lou again. I will take this question. The core of our prototyping is all about the ability to handle corner cases and accumulate cases. In different geographics, these types of scenarios are actually similar. For example, a pedestrian steps into the road, a vehicle suddenly changing lanes, or there is unexpected road construction. These situations are fundamentally the same, even if their frequency can be varied by location. The L4 autonomous driving software systems have achieved fully driverless, scalable, and 24/7 operation across different environments. This key enabler is our PonyWorld generative virtual environment model, which we deploy consistently across cities and countries. It enables us to generate numerous challenging scenarios and replicate existing scenarios with many variations. This significantly enhances the AI driving model's ability to handle a wide range of challenging situations.

Dr. Liu Wang: When entering a new area, we can quickly launch road testing and validation. Additionally, the training of the AI model is not needed. For example, our current operation at BAIC in Shanghai has already proved that our system is robust, adaptable, and built for rapid replication. This resilience is also enhanced by dealing with complex urban environments. This gives us a solid foundation for efficient and reliable expansion into large ODD and scalable operations. With this, back to the operator.

This gives us a solid foundation for efficient and reliable extension into large-scale and scalable operations.

so, with this, back to the operator,

Operator: Next question is from Xinyu Fang, UBS.

Next question is from seeing you Fang UBS.

Dr. James Peng: Hi. Thank you for your. Hi, can you hear me?

Hi.

Hi, uh, thank you for your hi. Can you hear me?

Dr. Liu Wang: Yes.

Yes.

Dr. James Peng: Hi, thank you and congrats on rapid growth in robotaxi services this quarter. My question is that we have seen news reports about potential Hong Kong IPO plans of the company. Do you have any timetable that you can share for now for such IPO, please? Thank you.

Hi. Um, thank you and congrats on the rapid growth in Robo taxi services this quarter. Um, my question is that we've seen news reports about potential Hong Kong IPO plans of the company. Um, do you have any, um, timetables that you can share for now for such, uh, IPO, please?

Thank you.

Dr. Liu Wang: Yeah, this is Dr. Liu Wang. I will take this question. First of all, I will say we do not comment on market speculation. Additionally, we actually have been closely monitoring the market conditions. In line with our strategic priorities of scaling up, we remain focused on executing our go-to-market strategy. Meanwhile, we will actively explore more capital market opportunities to maximize shareholders' value. I will get back to the operator.

Yeah, this is Leo. I'll take this question. Um, first of all, I would say we do not comment on market speculation.

Additionally, we actually have been closely monitoring the market conditions.

In line with our strategic priorities of scaling up.

We remain focused on executing our go-to-market strategy.

Meanwhile, we will actively Explore More Capital Market opportunities, to maximize shareholders value.

I'll get back to the operator.

Operator: Next question is from Evelyn Zhang from Daiwa.

Next question is from Evelyn Zhang from De.

Dr. James Peng: Thanks management for taking my question. My question is about your overseas market expansion. Could you please elaborate more on your future plan to expand your robotaxi business in the overseas market? As you mentioned earlier, you have deployed robotaxi in the Middle East, in South Korea, and Europe. Could you please share your insights on how the overseas regulation framework looks like? For example, are your robotaxi in these three areas still in the road testing stage or in a commercial service stage right now? Thanks.

Dr. Liu Wang: This is Dr. James Peng. Let me begin with an overview of our global expansion strategy. As you can see, our current global expansion actually focuses on markets with hypergrowth potential. That is, we are focused on markets with strong mobility demand, well-developed infrastructure, and supportive regulatory environments. We have built our presence through deep collaboration with local partners and policymakers. Given our proven ecosystem, technology expertise, and large-scale operation experience in China, I think we are very much well positioned to rapidly replicate our success to the international markets. As I mentioned in my prepared remarks, during Q2, we entered Dubai as a new market, advanced our operations in South Korea. We also strengthened local partnerships in Luxembourg, where road tests have now started. Every step forward reflects our core beliefs: autonomous mobility everywhere.

Uh, this is Jeff. Uh let me begin with uh overview of our Global expansion strategy.

as you can see that our current Global expansion actually focused on markets with higher growth potential,

That is we are focused on markets with strong Mobility, demand while developed infrastructure and supportive regulatory environments.

So, we have built our prices.

Through deep collaboration with the local partners and policy at the policy makers.

So, giving our proven EOS ecosystem,

Technology, expertise, and large-scale operation experience in China.

I think we are very much well, positioned to rapidly, replicate of our success to the international markets.

Uh, as I mentioned, in my prepared remarks during Q2, we entered the Dubai as a new market.

Advanced our operations in South Korea.

We also strengthened local partnership in Luxembourg where road tests.

Have now be started.

Dr. Liu Wang: In terms of our operational and some details of our global expansion, I will hand it over to Dr. Liu Wang, who will give you further perspective. Thank you, Dr. James Peng, and this is Dr. Liu Wang. From an operational perspective, scaling to hundreds of commercial fully driverless robotaxis requires strong local policy support, technology, cost competitiveness, and user adoption. As of now, few countries have achieved this level of readiness and deployment, except for the U.S. and China. Other than these two countries, most countries only have the regulation allowing the testing with a safety driver. Most of these commercializations remain limited to projects based on one-off pilot programs, such as vehicle sales as of now. We believe it still takes time for a sustainable, fair charging business model to mature in terms of both monetization and the unit cost fronts in these regions.

Every step forward reflects our core beliefs, autonomous Mobility everywhere.

Uh, in terms of the

Our operational and some details of of our Global expansion. I'll hand it over to Bill who give you further perspective.

Thank you, James. And this is Leo.

So, from a operation perspective,

Scaling to hundreds of commercial fully driverless robot taxes, requires strong, local policy support.

Technology.

Cost competitiveness and the user adoption.

As of now.

Few countries have achieved this level of Readiness and deployment.

Except for the US and China.

Other than these two countries, most countries only have regulations allowing testing with a safety driver.

Most of these commercializations remain limited to projects based on pilot programs, such as vehicle sales, as of now.

Dr. Liu Wang: I would also emphasize that scaling a full driverless robotaxi fleet demands a fundamentally higher level of safety and operational rigor, and it becomes increasingly critical as the operation expands. This leap from dozens to hundreds is a big jump in complexity. Building this operational capability is very essential. Only then can we validate the model and begin replicating it in other cities or countries. With that, I will get back to the operator.

We believe it still take time for a sustainable Fair charging business model to mature in terms of both monetization and the unit cost fronts in this region.

I would also emphasize that scaling full driverless Robo taxes Fleet demand a fundamentally higher level of safety and operation rigor.

And it becomes increasingly critical as the operation expanding.

This leap from dozens to hundreds is a big jump in complexity.

So, building this operational capability is very essential.

Only then can we validate the model and begin replicating it in other cities or countries?

With that, I'll get back to the operator.

Operator: Thank you. If there are no further questions, I would like to turn the conference back over to the company for closing remarks.

Thank you. The um,

if there are no further questions, I'd like to turn the conference back over to the company for closing remarks.

Dr. Liu Wang: Thank you once again for joining us today. If you have any questions, please feel free to contact our IR team. We look forward to speaking with you in the next quarter.

Uh, yes.

Thank you once again for joining us today. If you have any questions, please feel free to contact our IR team.

We look forward to speaking with you in the next quarter.

Operator: This concludes today's conference call. You may now disconnect your line.

Please conclude.

You may now disconnect your line.