Q3 2025 United Airlines Holdings Inc Earnings Call

Speaker #1: Good morning and welcome to United Airlines Holdings' earnings conference call for the third quarter of 2025. My name is Regina, and I will be your conference facilitator today.

Operator: Good morning and welcome to United Airlines Holdings Inc.'s earnings conference call for the third quarter of 2025. My name is Regina, and I will be your conference facilitator today. Following the initial remarks from management, we will open the lines for questions. In order to ask a question, you will need to press star followed by the number one on your telephone keypad. This call is being recorded and is copyrighted. Please note that no portion of the call may be recorded, transcribed, or rebroadcast without the company's permission. Your participation implies your consent to our recording of this call. If you do not agree with these terms, simply drop off the line. I will now turn the presentation over to your host for today's call, Kristina Edwards, Managing Director of Investor Relations. Please go ahead.

Speaker #1: Following the initial remarks from management, we will open the lines for questions. In order to ask a question, you will need to press * followed by the number 1 on your telephone keypad.

Speaker #1: This call is being recorded and is copyrighted. Please note that no portion of the call may be recorded, transcribed, or rebroadcast without the company's permission.

Speaker #1: Your participation implies your consent to our recording of this call. If you do not agree with these terms, simply drop off the line. I will now turn the presentation over to your host for today's call, Kristina Edwards, managing director of investor relations.

Speaker #1: Please go ahead.

Speaker #2: Thanks, Regina. Good morning, everyone, and welcome to United's third quarter 2025 earnings conference call. Yesterday, we issued our earnings release, which is available on our website at ir.united.com.

Kristina Edwards: Thanks, Regina. Good morning, everyone, and welcome to United's third quarter 2025 earnings conference call. Yesterday, we issued our earnings release, which is available on our website at ir.united.com. Information in yesterday's release and the remarks made during this conference call may contain forward-looking statements, which represent the company's current expectations, which are based upon information currently available to the company. A number of factors could cause actual results to differ materially from our current expectations. Please refer to our earnings release, Form 10-K and 10-Q, and other reports filed with the SEC by United Airlines Holdings Inc. and United Airlines for a more thorough description of these factors. Unless otherwise noted, we will be discussing our financial metrics on a non-GAAP basis on this call, and historical operational metrics will exclude pandemic years of 2020 to 2022.

Speaker #2: Information in yesterday's release and the remarks made during this conference call may contain forward-looking statements, which represent the company's current expectations, which are based upon information currently available to the company.

Speaker #2: A number of factors could cause actual results to differ materially from our current expectations. Please refer to our earnings release, Form 10-K and 10-Q, and other reports filed with the FTC by United Airlines Holdings and United Airlines for a more thorough description of these factors.

Speaker #2: Unless otherwise noted, we will be discussing our financial metrics on a non-GAAP basis on this call, and historical operational metrics will exclude the pandemic years of 2020 to 2022.

Speaker #2: Please refer to the related definitions and reconciliations of these non-GAAP measures to the most directly comparable GAAP measures at the end of our earnings release.

Kristina Edwards: Please refer to the related definitions and reconciliations of these non-GAAP measures to the most directly comparable GAAP measures at the end of our earnings release. Joining us on the call today to discuss our results and outlook are Chief Executive Officer Scott Kirby, President Brett Hart, Executive Vice President and Chief Commercial Officer Andrew Nocella, and Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer Michael Leskinen. We also have other members of the executive team on the line available for the Q&A. Now, I'll flip the call over to Scott.

Speaker #2: Joining us on the call today to discuss our results and outlook are Chief Executive Officer Scott Kirby, President Brett Hart, Executive Vice President and Chief Commercial Officer Andrew Nocella, and Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer Michael Leskinen.

Speaker #2: We also have other members of the executive team on the line available for the Q&A. And now, I'll flip the call over to Scott.

Speaker #3: Thanks, Kristina, and good morning, everyone. For the last few years, we've talked about an industry that has transformed, and United Airlines is competitively positioned to win.

Scott Kirby: Thanks, Kristina, and good morning, everyone. For the last few years, we've talked about an industry that is transforming and a United Airlines that is competitively positioned to win. For United, that's meant winning brand-loyal customers. The third quarter is another data point that is consistent with the structural, permanent, and irreversible change that is occurring in this industry. We delivered strong third-quarter results despite macro volatility in the first nine months of the year, and we now expect to grow earnings for the full year. The first three quarters of the year were an economic downturn for airlines, at least, and our ability to grow earnings in the face of the macro issues is proof that the brand-loyal UnitedX strategy is resilient in tough times and a clear proof point on our path to solid double-digit margins. What we've really proven is that air travel is not a commodity.

Speaker #3: For United, that’s meant winning brand-loyal customers. The third quarter is another data point that is consistent with the structural, permanent, and irreversible change that is occurring in this industry.

Speaker #3: We delivered strong third-quarter results despite macro volatility in the first nine months of the year, and we now expect to grow earnings for the full year.

Speaker #3: The first three quarters of the year were an economic downturn for airlines, at least, and our ability to grow earnings in the face of the macro issues is proof that the brand-loyal United Next strategy is resilient in tough times and a clear proof point on our path to solid double-digit margins.

Speaker #3: What we've really proven is that air travel is not a commodity. On our calls in the last few years, we've spent a lot of time appropriately talking about the industry structure and making predictions about how that would play out in the future.

Scott Kirby: On our calls in the last few years, we spent a lot of time appropriately talking about the industry structure and making predictions about how that would play out in the future. We're now seeing those predictions come true, and even though it's only the second or third inning, I think the general contours of how that is going to end are widely known and easy to forecast to everyone at this point. Given that, I think it's time to shift the focus and talk about how United gets to double-digit margins even in the current industry environment. There are two important points on the revenue side and likewise, two points on the cost side. On the revenue side, it starts with winning brand-loyal customers. United is investing over $1 billion in customer product enhancements annually, and that investment is in all cabins and classes of service.

Speaker #3: We're now seeing those predictions come true, and even though it's only the second or third inning, I think the general contours of how that is going to end are widely known and easy to forecast to everyone at this point.

Speaker #3: And given that, I think it's time to shift the focus and talk about how United gets to double-digit margins even in the current industry environment.

Speaker #3: There are two important points on the revenue side and likewise two points on the cost side. On the revenue side, it starts with winning brand loyal customers.

Speaker #3: United is investing over a billion dollars in customer product enhancements annually, and that investment is in all cabins and classes of service. Every customer who flies United gets more value.

Scott Kirby: Every customer who flies United gets more value. For basic economy customers, we don't just offer them a competitively priced ticket. We offer them the best app, an on-time flight, power in every seat, seatback screens, and a great loyalty program, just to name a few. For brand-loyal customers, we offer all the benefits I just mentioned, plus expansive clubs, more seats up front, better food, a more extensive route network to exotic destinations around the globe, and a loyalty program that gives bigger rewards and a tremendous amount of utility for their miles. Most importantly, our people are our best asset, and they're delivering for all of our customers each and every day. We're in the people business, and our people have done an amazing job of caring and providing friendly service that makes customers feel good and is the foundation of keeping them brand-loyal.

Speaker #3: We're basic economy customers. We don't just offer them a competitively priced ticket. We offer them the best app, an on-time flight, power in every seat, seatback screens, and great loyalty program just to name a few.

Speaker #3: For brand loyal customers, we offer all the benefits I just mentioned, plus expansive clubs, more seats up front, better food, a more extensive route network to exotic destinations around the globe, and a loyalty program that gives bigger rewards and a tremendous amount of utility for their miles.

Speaker #3: And most importantly, our people are our best asset, and they're delivering for all of our customers each and every day. We're in the people business, and our people have done an amazing job of caring and providing friendly service that makes customers feel good and is the foundation of keeping them brand loyal.

Speaker #3: From Basic Economy all the way to the Polaris class, every United customer simply gets more value at United than what our competitors offer, and that's why they're brand loyal.

Scott Kirby: From basic economy all the way to Polaris class, every United customer simply gets more value at United than what our competitors offer, and that's why they're brand-loyal. It's also why we're winning more brand-loyal customers every day, and it's the important competitive advantage that is giving us a generational lead versus most of the industry. We believe that winning brand-loyal customers sets up our second revenue advantage, the potential to double the EBITDA from our loyalty program in the years to come. We're still in the pregame warmups for taking the United loyalty program to another level. In order to invest over $1 billion per year in incremental customer products and services, we had to find a different and better way to manage costs.

Speaker #3: It's also why we're winning more brand loyal customers every day, and it's the important competitive advantage that is giving us a general generational lead versus most of the industry.

Speaker #3: We believe that winning brand-loyal customers sets up our second revenue advantage: the potential to double the EBITDA from our loyalty program in the years to come.

Speaker #3: We're still in the pre-game warm-ups for taking the United loyalty program to another level. But in order to invest over a billion dollars per year in incremental customer products and services, we had to find a different and better way to manage costs.

Speaker #3: Historically, airlines looking to reduce costs have focused on custom cutting customer-friendly amenities like food, because most of our expense is in areas we can't control, like union contracts, airport fees, fuel, etc.

Scott Kirby: Historically, airlines looking to reduce costs have focused on cutting customer-friendly amenities like food because most of our expense is in areas we can't control, like union contracts, airport fees, fuel, etc., or by adding utilization flying late at night on off-peak days or during slower times of the year. United is doing the exact opposite of that industry dogma, namely investing more for the customer and focusing on flying at times that can be profitable instead of just trying to maximize aircraft utilization. You can see it in our numbers. Our major cost focus at United is to drive real cost efficiencies through our use of technology that can also improve the customer experience. In public discussions, we've tended to focus more on the app and customer-facing technology, but we're doing far more behind the scenes, and we're the most cutting-edge technology airline in the world.

Speaker #3: Or by adding utilization flying late at night on off-peak days where there's slower times of the year. United is doing the exact opposite of that industry dogma.

Speaker #3: Namely, investing more for the customer and focusing on flying at times that can be profitable instead of just trying to maximize aircraft utilization. And you can see it in our numbers.

Speaker #3: Our major cost focus at United is to drive real cost efficiencies through our use of technology that can also improve the customer experience. In public discussions, we've tended to focus more on the app and customer-facing technology, but we're doing far more behind the scenes, and we're the most cutting-edge technology airline in the world.

Speaker #3: Michael will give you some examples of these technology-driven savings that allow us to lower true CAS max. These technology investments are efficient for costs, but they also help us to run a more reliable operation for customers.

Scott Kirby: Mike will give you some examples of these technology-driven savings that allow us to lower true CASM ex-fuel. These technology investments are efficient for cost, but they also help us to run a more reliable operation for customers. Secondly, on cost, we have large gauge increases coming as both Boeing and Airbus get back to a better delivery cadence. This strategy is working, and I expect us to add at least a point or more of margin each year, normalized for any unusual macroeconomic activity up or down, which gets us to the low-teens margins in this industry capacity environment. As I said earlier, the industry restructuring, i.e., each airline focusing its capacity in markets where they can be profitable, is only in the second or third inning.

Speaker #3: And secondly, on costs, we have large gauge increases coming as both Boeing and Airbus get back to a better delivery cadence. This strategy is working, and I expect us to add at least a point or more of margin each year normalized for any unusual macroeconomic activity up or down, which gets us to the low teen margins in this industry capacity environment.

Speaker #3: But as I said earlier, the industry restructuring, i.e., each airline focusing its capacity in markets where they can be profitable, is only in the second or third inning.

Speaker #3: And as that process plays out, I expect that to add several more margin points to United, moving us up into the mid-teens margins. And as we deliver on that, I bet that our multiples move up meaningfully as well.

Scott Kirby: As that process plays out, I expect that to add several more margin points to United, moving us up into the mid-teens margins. As we deliver on that, I bet that our multiples move up meaningfully as well. I'll turn it back to the team for a run-through of the quarter and our outlook.

Speaker #3: I'll now turn it back to the team for a run-through of the quarter and our outlook.

Speaker #4: Thank you, Scott, and good morning. This summer was the busiest in United's history. We surpassed 1 billion available seat miles in a single day and flew over 48 million customers in the quarter.

Brett Hart: Thank you, Scott, and good morning. This summer was the busiest in United's history. We surpassed 1 billion available seat miles in a single day and flew over 48 million customers in the quarter. Even with these volumes, as well as significant summer weather disruptions and system-wide ATC challenges, our operation was resilient this quarter. The third quarter marked our lowest rate of cancellations for any third quarter in company history, and six of our seven hubs ranked first or second for on-time departures. We continue to adapt under pressure and to maintain flexibility during irregular operations, preserving travel plans for more than 290,000 customers by managing delays rather than canceling flights or use of connected space. This is what drives the most value to our customers and helps build the brand loyalty we speak so much about.

Speaker #4: Even with these volumes, as well as significant summer weather disruptions and system-wide ATC challenges, our operation was resilient this quarter. The third quarter marked our lowest rate of cancellations for any third quarter in company history.

Speaker #4: And six of our seven hubs ranked first or second for on-time departures. We continue to adapt under pressure, and to maintain flexibility during irregular operations.

Speaker #4: Preserving travel plans for more than 290,000 customers by managing delays, rather than canceling flights, through the use of connecting space. This is what drives the most value to our customers and helps build the brand loyalty we speak so much about.

Speaker #4: And our customer NPS score was up nearly 7% this summer versus summer 2024. This performance is a testament to the dedication of our United team.

Brett Hart: Our customer NPS score was up nearly 7% this summer versus summer 2024. This performance is a testament to the dedication of our United team. Thank you to each of you. At United, we remain focused on innovation and providing our teams with the most advanced tools in the industry to help them deliver their best every day. We are modernizing applications for employees that allow us to recover faster and scale support for customers, enabling better experiences even when things don't go as planned. We also continue to invest in our industry-leading digital customer experience with a new dedicated section in our mobile app focused on making tight connections smoother and more predictable for customers through real-time personalized tools and communication, driving further improvements in our customer experience and NPS scores. As we continue to take aircraft deliveries, we will also be growing our team.

Speaker #4: So, thank you to each of you. At United, we remain focused on innovation and providing our teams with the most advanced tools in the industry to help them deliver their best every day.

Speaker #4: We are modernizing applications for employees that allows us to recover faster and scale support for customers. Enabling better experiences even when things don't go as planned.

Speaker #4: We also continue to invest in our industry-leading digital customer experience, with a new dedicated section in our mobile app focused on making tight connections smoother and more predictable for customers through real-time personalized tools and communication.

Speaker #4: Driving further improvements in our customer experience and NPS scores. As we continue to take aircraft deliveries, we will also be growing our team. In 2026, we expect to hire over 2,000 pilots and over 3,200 new flight attendants.

Brett Hart: In 2026, we expect to hire over 2,000 pilots and over 3,200 new flight attendants. We are all proud of the fact that we continue to be a destination for great talent with over 27,000 applicants in just a few days for the most recent flight attendant posting. Regarding the negotiations with the Association of Flight Attendants, we met with the mediator in mid-September, and our negotiation is scheduled for the end of October. We remain focused on getting our flight attendants, the best in the industry, the industry-leading contract they deserve. I want to thank Secretary Duffy, Administrator Bedford, and the administration for their support and leadership on the improvements at Newark. We are pleased with the FAA's announcement that flights in Newark will be capped through October 2026 at 72 operations per hour, which better matches the capacity of the airport.

Speaker #4: We are all proud of the fact that we continue to be a destination for great talent with over 27,000 applicants in just a few days, for the most recent flight attendant posting.

Speaker #4: Regarding the negotiations with the AFA, we met with the mediator in mid-September, and our negotiation is scheduled for the end of October. We remain focused on getting our flight attendants—the best in the industry—the industry-leading contract they deserve.

Speaker #4: I want to thank Secretary Duffy, Administrator Bedford, and the administration for their support and leadership on the improvements and new work. We are pleased with the FAA's announcement that flights in Newark will be capped through October 2026 at 72 operations per hour.

Speaker #4: Which better matches the capacity of the airport. The reduction in missions, along with the continued focus on technology upgrades and ATC staffing, further underpins our confidence in Newark's long-term outlook.

Brett Hart: The reduction in missions, along with the continued focus on technology upgrades and ATC staffing, further underpins our confidence in Newark's long-term outlook. Newark achieved its best-ever on-time departure and star D0 for any third quarter, clear proof that the investments being made are working. Yesterday, our first Starlink-equipped Boeing 737-800 took off from Newark following FAA certification last month. This marks a major milestone in our journey to deliver the fastest, most reliable, and free-for-MileagePlus members Wi-Fi in the skies. More than half of our regional flights now have Starlink successfully installed. We believe this superior in-flight experience will be truly game-changing as it expands across the remainder of our fleet by 2027. Thank you to the entire United team for your continued hard work and commitment to excellence this quarter. I will now hand it over to Andrew to provide an update on the revenue environment.

Speaker #4: Newark achieved its best-ever on-time departure and STAR D0 for any third quarter. Clear proof that the investments being made are working. Yesterday, our first Starlink equipped Boeing 737-800 took off from Newark.

Speaker #4: Following FAA certification last month, this marks a major milestone in our journey to deliver the fastest, most reliable, and free-for-MileagePlus members Wi-Fi in the skies.

Speaker #4: More than half of our regional flights now have Starlink successfully installed. We believe this superior in-flight experience will be truly game-changing as it expands across the remainder of our fleet by 2027.

Speaker #4: Thank you to the entire United team for your continued hard work and commitment to excellence this quarter. I will now hand it over to Andrew to provide an update on the revenue environment.

Speaker #5: Thanks, Brett. United's top-line revenues increased 2.6% to $15.2 billion in the quarter, on a 7.2% increase in capacity. Consolidated TRASM for the quarter was down 4.3%.

Andrew Nocella: Thanks, Brett. United's top-line revenues increased 2.6% to $15.2 billion in a quarter on a 7.2% increase in capacity. Consolidated RASM for the quarter was down 4.3%. Domestic PRASM was down 3.3% in Q3 on 6.6% more capacity. Premium cabins outperformed the main cabin once again. After a long stream of positive RASM quarters, United's international flights in Q3 had PRASMs down 7.1%. Global long-haul demand continues to spread both earlier and later in the year out of Q3, making those periods stronger, a trade we take any day. Premium revenues were up 6% year over year, and PRASM for premium cabins outperformed the main cabin by five points. United had the company's all-time highest business revenue ticket in during the week ending October 5. Of the top five best weeks in our history, three of the remaining four occurred in September 2025.

Speaker #5: Domestic Trazyn was down 3.3% in Q3 on a 6.6% increase in capacity. Premium cabins outperformed the main cabin once again. After a long stream of positive quarters, United's international flights in Q3 saw Trazyns down 7.1%.

Speaker #5: Global long-haul demand continues to spread both earlier and later in the year out of Q3, making those periods stronger—a trade we take any day.

Speaker #5: Premium revenues were up 6% year-over-year and Trazyn for premium cabins outperformed the main cabin by five points. United had the company's all-time highest business revenue ticketing during the week end in October 5th, of the top five best weeks in our history three of the remaining four occurred in September 2025.

Speaker #5: Demand is also healthy as we head into Q4. Not unlike 2024, capacity and demand are simply better balanced in the last quarter of this year.

Andrew Nocella: Leisure demand is also healthy as we head into Q4. Not unlike 2024, capacity and demand are simply better balanced in the last quarter of this year, particularly for global long-haul flying. We saw bookings inflect positive in early July, and industry revenues are expected to be positive year over year for all remaining months of 2025. We expect our consolidated RASM to meaningfully improve in Q4 year over year. International RASMs in Q4 will outperform domestic based on the current outlook. We also expect that Q4 will have United's best revenue quarter ever, but also have the highest absolute RASM of any quarter of 2025. As you can see by the stressed financials at many airlines, it is clear much of their domestic flying once again lost money in 2025, but also in the peak summer quarter.

Speaker #5: Particularly for global long-haul flying. We saw bookings inflect positive in early July and industry revenues are expected to be positive year-over-year for all remaining months of 2025.

Speaker #5: We expect our consolidated razzing to meaningfully improve in Q4 year-over-year. International razzings in Q4 will outperform domestic based on the current outlook. We also expect that Q4 will have United's best revenue quarter ever, but also have the highest absolute razzings of any quarter of 2025.

Speaker #5: As you can see, it is already beginning, but we believe more unprofitable industry flying will continue to be scaled back, although the timing remains uncertain.

Speaker #5: see by the stressed financials at many airlines, it is clear much of their domestic flying once again lost money in 2025 but also in the peak summer quarter.

Andrew Nocella: It is already beginning, but we believe more unprofitable industry flying will continue to be scaled back, although the timing remains uncertain. While the supply-demand imbalance did impact United's profits in the third quarter, we can report all seven of our hubs were profitable in the quarter. We at United remain focused on refinements we can make to the network and commercial strategies to build a stronger margin, particularly in the third quarter of each year. Two years ago, we focused on adjustments to our Q1 network deployment that led to nearly a four-point improvement in pre-tax margins. In 2026, we're going to take a similar approach to Q3. For most of recent pre-pandemic history, Q3 RASM was consistent with Q2 and Q4, with a modest peak in capacity in Q3 where marginal RASM was greater than marginal CASM.

Speaker #5: While the supply-demand imbalance did impact United's profits in the third quarter, we can report all seven of our hubs were profitable in the quarter.

Speaker #5: We at United remain focused on refinements we can make to the network and commercial strategies to build a stronger margin, particularly in the third quarter of each year.

Speaker #5: Two years ago, we focused on adjustments to our Q1 network deployment that led to nearly a four-point improvement in pre-tax margins. In 2026, we're going to take a similar approach to Q3.

Speaker #5: For most of recent pre-pandemic history, Q3 razzings were consistent with Q2 and Q4, with a modest peak in the capacity in Q3 where marginal razzing was greater than marginal CAS.

Speaker #5: However, in 2024, we saw a gap emerge. Where Q3 razzings at United trailed Q2 and Q4. We expect in 2025 that this gap will once again exist and will have widened.

Andrew Nocella: However, in 2024, we saw a gap emerge where Q3 RASM at United trailed Q2 and Q4. In 2025, we expect this gap to once again exist and to have widened. This Q3 issue appears to be an industry issue not specific to United. As much as we love the relative Q4 performance in recent years, the idea that Q3 trails by the magnitude we've seen in 2024 and in 2025 represents an opportunity for margin expansion. In 2026, we'll adjust how peaked our summer capacity plan is by ending the summer schedule a week early, operating 15% fewer red-eye flights, and cutting more capacity from the July 4th holiday, to name a few, in pursuit of higher margins. I also expect that our Atlantic capacity year over year, excluding Tel Aviv, will be flat to negative in Q3 2026.

Speaker #5: This Q3 issue appears to be an industry issue, not specific to United. As much as we love the relative Q4 performance in recent years, the idea that Q3 trails by the magnitude we've seen in 2024 and in 2025 represents an opportunity for margin expansion.

Speaker #5: In 2026, we'll adjust how peaked our summer capacity plan is by ending the summer schedule a week early, operating 15% fewer red-eye flights, and cutting more capacity from the July 4th holiday, to name a few.

Speaker #5: In pursuit of higher margins, I also expect that our Atlantic capacity year-over-year, excluding Tel Aviv, will be flat to negative in Q3 2026. United's business model now has more balanced demand levels across more of the year, as our increasingly optimal mix between leisure demand, premium leisure demand, and business demand is yet another emerging advantage we have over commodity-based airlines.

Andrew Nocella: United's business model now has more balanced demand levels across more of the year as our increasingly optimal mix between leisure demand, premium leisure demand, and business demand is yet another emerging advantage we have over commodity-based airlines. United's ability to further de-seasonalize capacity, we think, creates yet another opportunity for cost convergence versus commodity airlines that only see profit opportunities on peak leisure travel demand days or months. I think it's interesting to note profitability is now inversely correlated with aircraft utilization in the U.S. The highest utilization airlines have the lowest margins. MileagePlus had another strong quarter with total loyalty revenues up over 9%. Co-brand remuneration was up 15% year over year and should end the year up over 12%. We are seeing increased retention of cardholders along with higher spend as United's brand grows.

Speaker #5: United's ability to further de-seasonalize capacity, we think, creates yet another opportunity for cost convergence versus commodity airlines that only see profit opportunities on peak leisure travel demand days or months.

Speaker #5: I think it's interesting to note that profitability is now inversely correlated with aircraft utilization in the U.S. The highest utilization airlines have the lowest margins.

Speaker #5: MileagePlus had another strong quarter, with total loyalty revenues up over 9%. Co-brand remuneration was up 15% year-over-year and should end the year up over 12%.

Speaker #5: We are seeing increased retention of cardholders along with higher spend as United's brand grows. Today, I'd also like to share my view of where United had come from in the past decade, why our actual 2025 results thus far have proven so durable, and what we expect to drive continued gains among brand loyal customers and double-digit margins down the line.

Andrew Nocella: Today, I'd also like to share my view of where United has come from in the past decade, why our actual 2025 results thus far have proven so durable, and what we expect to drive continued gains among brand-loyal customers and double-digit margins down the line. Starting with our many transformational annual investments of over $1 billion for our customers, we have successfully de-commoditized most of United's passenger revenues. We believe that our tilt to brand-loyal capacity and products in the last five years was well-timed but also consistent with the demand profile in our hub cities, which is why it's worked so well and why our premium efforts will be more margin accretive than others. However, it's important to understand we're always investing to create value for all passengers in all cabins.

Speaker #5: Starting with our many transformational annual investments of over $1 billion for our customers, we have successfully de-commoditized most of United's passenger revenues. We believe that our tilt to brand-loyal capacity and products in the last five years was well-timed, but also consistent with the demand profile in our hub cities, which is why it's worked so well and why our premium efforts will be more margin-accretive than others.

Speaker #5: However, it's important to understand we're always investing to create value for all passengers in all cabins. Even our most premium yield passengers often fly in the main cabin, and our efforts to convert passengers to brand loyalty clearly start in the main cabin.

Andrew Nocella: Even our most premium-yield passengers often fly in the main cabin, and our efforts to convert passengers to brand loyal clearly start in the main cabin. Basic economy has altered the competitive landscape in the U.S. and provided United a profitable entry fare to attract many customers over a full lifecycle. Quality and value matters more than ever to U.S. consumers. Clubs that are not overcrowded, enhanced meals, great wine, industry-leading technology, great customer service, seatback screens, and fast Wi-Fi, to name a few, those are the attributes we focus on. The quality part of the product offering was often overlooked by many as they favored simplicity and low cost. In our view, quality goes well beyond the schedule we offer or our inherent excellent reliability. The smaller details do matter, and that combined with best-in-class customer service our team members deliver sets us up for success.

Speaker #5: Basic economy has altered the competitive landscape in the U.S. and provided United a profitable entry fare to attract many customers over a full lifecycle.

Speaker #5: Quality and value matter more than ever to U.S. consumers. Clubs that are not overcrowded enhance meals, great wine, industry-leading technology, great customer service, seatback screens, and fast Wi-Fi, to name a few. Those are the attributes we focus on.

Speaker #5: The quality part of the product offering was often overlooked by many as they favored simplicity and low cost. In our view, quality goes well beyond the schedule we offer or our inherent excellent reliability.

Speaker #5: The smaller details do matter, and that combined with best-in-class customer service our team members deliver sets us up for success. Consistency of our products and services was unsurprisingly low at the early stages of our transformation, but is now reaching critical mass.

Andrew Nocella: Consistency of our products and services was unsurprisingly low at the early stages of our transformation but is now reaching critical mass. United now operates 765 jets with more than 146,000 seatback screens. These screens are one way of defining a premium airline in the U.S. Our signature interior conversion is now at 64% and an investment of over $1.6 billion. At United, we've proven our ability to increase our relative razzum with the best results while at the same time increasing domestic gauge by almost 20% since 2019. We said a decade ago that not all capacity was created equal, and our results have proven that business case. The statement is only true for brand-loyal airlines.

Speaker #5: United now operates 765 jets, with more than 146,000 seatback screens. These screens are one way of defining a premium airline in the U.S. Our signature interior conversion is now at 64%, aided by an investment of over $1.6 billion.

Speaker #5: At United, we've proven our ability to increase our relative razzing with the best results while, at the same time, increasing domestic gauge by almost 20% since 2019.

Speaker #5: We set a decade ago that not all capacity was created equal, and our results have proven that business case. The statement is only true for brand-loyal airlines.

Speaker #5: Domestic gauge is expected to once again accelerate in 2027, as our 200-seat A321 fleet reaches critical mass after years of delay, helping drive better customer experience but also creating cost convergence with others.

Andrew Nocella: Domestic gauge is expected to once again accelerate in 2027 as our 200-seat A321 fleet reaches critical mass after years of delay, helping drive better customer experience but also creating cost convergence with others. This gauge increase is a proven formula for margin growth and accelerates as we retire smaller, lower margin A319 and A320 aircraft from our fleet by 2030. United's hubs can support this higher gauge and allow us to accept more basic economy passengers at a profit. Our transformation is making the world a smaller place for United and allowing us to add unique wine to places including, but not limited to, Greenland and Mongolia. A large thanks to the 100,000-plus United team members who together have built this durable generational lead. I'm going to turn it over to Mike to talk about our financial results. Mike.

Speaker #5: This gauge increase is a proven formula for margin growth and accelerates as we retire smaller, lower-margin A319 and A320 aircraft from our fleet by 2030.

Speaker #5: United's hubs can support this higher gauge and allow us to accept more basic economy passengers at a profit. Our transformation is making the world a smaller place for United and allowing us to add unique flying to places including, but not limited to, Greenland and Mongolia.

Speaker #5: A large thanks to the more than 100,000 United team members who together have built this durable generational lead. I'm going to turn it over to Mike to talk about our financial results.

Speaker #5: Mike?

Speaker #6: Thanks, Andrew. We delivered a strong third quarter. Customers are speaking with their wallets and are increasingly choosing to fly United because of a strong operational performance and the significant investments we made and continue to make in the airline.

Michael Leskinen: Thanks, Andrew. We delivered a strong third quarter. Customers are speaking with their wallets and are increasingly choosing to fly United because of our strong operational performance and the significant investments we made and continue to make in the airline. Starlink is another example of how we're differentiating our customer experience for the better. This quarter, I'm particularly proud of our team for our disciplined cost management. I expect that our negative 0.9% CASM ex-fuel performance will be industry-leading. As Scott mentioned, we've made strategic investments in our product to drive higher costs, but we are helping offset those by running the core airline more efficiently. Those investments are increasingly differentiating United Airlines, creating brand-loyal customers, de-commoditizing United, and driving solid margins and returns on capital.

Speaker #6: Starlink is another example of how we're differentiating our customer experience for the better. This quarter, I'm particularly proud of our team for disciplined cost management.

Speaker #6: I expect that our negative 0.9% CAS max performance will be industry-leading. As Scott mentioned, we've made strategic investments in our product that drive higher costs.

Speaker #6: But we are helping offset those by running the core airline more efficiently. And those investments are increasingly differentiating United Airlines, creating brand loyal customers, decommoditizing United, and driving solid margins and returns on capital.

Speaker #6: We've been investing over $1 billion annually over the last few years into improving our aircraft, our clubs, our food, and our Wi-Fi. We expect to spend another $1 billion next year.

Michael Leskinen: We've been investing over $1 billion annually over the last few years into improving our aircraft, our clubs, our food, and our Wi-Fi, and we expect to spend another $1 billion next year. We increased the amount we spend on food by 25% this year. We're investing $1 billion on our rollout of Starlink Wi-Fi so that our customers have the best-in-class connectivity. Our investments in clubs doubled in 2025 and are expected to more than double in 2026 as demand for this product continues to grow. These are just a few examples, but it's important to note that we're doing this all while delivering industry-leading cost performance. Being able to invest in our customer experience is possible because we're simultaneously driving efficiency in the core operation. That produces meaningful and permanent savings.

Speaker #6: We increased the amount we spend on food by 25% this year. We're investing $1 billion on our rollout of Starlink Wi-Fi so that our customers have the best-in-class connectivity.

Speaker #6: Our investments in clubs doubled in 2025 and are expected to more than double in 2026 as demand for this product continues to grow. These are just a few examples.

Speaker #6: But it's important to note that we're doing this all while delivering industry-leading cost performance. Being able to invest in our customer experience is possible because we're simultaneously driving efficiency in the core operations, that produces meaningful and permanent savings.

Speaker #6: Some examples include modernizing all of our maintenance technologies so they can be used on iPads, allowing our technicians quicker access to United's resources. For example, before introducing iPads throughout the shift, our technicians would walk to and from our hangars and aircraft, checking the aircraft's paper logbook and printing manuals from the legacy mainframe systems at the hangar, and ordering parts from their terminal at the hangar.

Michael Leskinen: Some examples include modernizing all of our maintenance technology so that it can be used on iPads, allowing our technicians quicker access to United's resources. For example, before introducing iPads throughout the shift, our technicians would walk to and from our hangars and aircraft, checking the aircraft's paper logbook, printing manuals from the legacy mainframe systems at the hangar, and ordering parts from their terminal at the hangar to ultimately fix the aircraft. Today, iPads give technicians the ability to instantaneously access troubleshooting manuals and to order parts all while at the aircraft, turning airplanes faster and improving the efficiency of our workforce. Additionally, significant investments in people, process, and technology have been made to improve our recovery from IROPS events, which enable us to restart the airline following an event much quicker than we have in the past.

Speaker #6: To ultimately fix the aircraft. Today, iPads give technicians the ability to instantaneously access troubleshooting manuals and to order parts all while at the aircraft, turning airplanes faster and improving the efficiency of our workforce.

Speaker #6: Additionally, significant investments in people, processes, and technology have been made to improve our recovery from IROPs, events that enable us to restart the airline following an event much quicker than we have in the past.

Speaker #6: One particular tool already in use is our Orca tool, which optimizes aircraft routing, crew pairings, and customer connections so that our targeted delays or cancellations prioritize our customers and the optimal plan for guiding the airline through significant events.

Michael Leskinen: One particular tool already in use is our Orca tool, which optimizes aircraft routing, crew pairings, and customer connections so that our targeted delays or cancels prioritize our customers in the optimal plan for guiding the airline through significant events. Our operational leadership and frontline employees are performing the best in our history. This has led to United leading the industry in the quickest recovery following significant events, and you can see the direct impact of that comparing our third-quarter cost to others in the industry. We're not just looking to make our operation more efficient. We're making process changes and using AI to make the work of our headquarters management team more efficient too. In fact, our management headcount is 4% lower than last year. As this efficiency work continues, we're planning to shrink another 4% in 2026.

Speaker #6: Our operational leadership and frontline employees are performing the best in our history. This has led to United leading the industry in the quickest recovery following significant events and you can see the direct impact of that comparing our third quarter costs to others in the industry.

Speaker #6: We're not just looking to make our operation more efficient. We're making process changes and using AI to make the work of our headquarters management team more efficient too.

Speaker #6: In fact, our management headcount is 4% lower than last year. As this efficiency work continues, we're planning to shrink another 4% in 2026. This is a new culture at United Airlines, and as such, I'm going to give a long-term framework on how we're thinking about CAS Max.

Michael Leskinen: This is a new culture at United Airlines, and as such, I'm going to give a long-term framework on how we're thinking about CASM ex-fuel. General inflation in this industry is running about 3% to 4% annually, and we expect that to continue inclusive of labor. At United, our gauge growth should provide about a one-point annual tailwind through the end of the decade. We're also committed to driving efficiency into the core business of another one point per year. Together, our core CASM ex-fuel growth should run up at 1% to 2% annually if we did nothing else. As we've been highlighting, United is transforming because of our investments we have made into improving the customer experience and de-commoditizing air travel. You should expect that to continue.

Speaker #6: General inflation in this industry is running about 3% to 4% annually, and we expect that to continue, inclusive of labor. At United, our gauge growth should provide about a 1.0% annual tailwind through the end of the decade.

Speaker #6: We're also committed to driving efficiency into the core business of another 1.0 per year. So together, our core CAS max growth should run up at 1% to 2% annually if we did nothing else.

Speaker #6: But as we've been highlighting, United is transforming because of our investments we have made into improving the customer experience and decommoditizing air travel. You can expect that to continue.

Speaker #6: And on average, we expect that to add about 1.0 of CAS max pressure per year. That is more than offset by revenue generation. Altogether, our CAS max run rate should run up around 2% to 3% annually.

Michael Leskinen: On average, we expect that to add about one point of CASM ex-fuel pressure per year that is more than offset by revenue generation. Altogether, our CASM ex-fuel run rate should run up around 2% to 3% annually. Now turning to the quarter, we delivered third-quarter earnings per share of $2.78 above the top end of our guidance range of $2.25 to $2.75 and ahead of Wall Street expectations of $2.68. Our pre-tax margin was 8% and would have been a point higher absent the disruptions earlier this year at Newark. We had industry-leading operational performance that underpins strong unit cost performance. Our third-quarter CASM ex-fuel was down 0.9%. Our cost in the quarter did benefit by approximately 1 point of expense moving to the fourth quarter, primarily driven by maintenance and approximately 1 point from the timing of certain labor contracts.

Speaker #6: Now turning to the quarter, we delivered third quarter earnings per share of $2.78 above the top end of our guidance range of $2.25 to $2.75.

Speaker #6: And ahead of Wall Street expectations of $2.68. Our pre-tax margin was 8% and would have been a point higher absent the disruptions earlier this year at Newark.

Speaker #6: We had industry-leading operational performance that underpins strong unit cost performance. Our third quarter CAS max was down 0.9%. Our cost in the quarter did benefit by approximately 1 point of expense, moving to the fourth quarter, primarily driven by maintenance and approximately 1 point from the timing of certain labor contracts.

Speaker #6: Looking to the fourth quarter, the momentum in the revenue environment Andrew described continues, and we expect fourth quarter EPS to be $3.00 to $3.50.

Michael Leskinen: Looking to the fourth quarter, the momentum in the revenue environment Andrew described continues, and we expect fourth-quarter EPS to be $3 to $3.50. That brings our full-year EPS towards the better half of our full-year 2025 guidance range of $9 to $11 and should position us to be the only airline to grow earnings this year. This demonstrates that winning brand-loyal customer drives resilience in the business, and when the economy rallies, it provides upside. As I mentioned last quarter, the industry now has two brand-loyal, structurally profitable, and revenue-diverse airlines, which together will represent about 100% of industry profits in 2025. We continue to target double-digit pre-tax margins in the long term. Turning to the balance sheet, we continue to march towards our goal of an investment-grade balance sheet.

Speaker #6: That brings our full year EPS towards the better half of our full year 2025 guidance range of $9 to $11 and should position us to be the only airline to grow earnings this year.

Speaker #6: This demonstrates that winning brand-loyal customers drive resilience in the business and, when the economy rallies, provide upside. As I mentioned last quarter, the industry now has two brand-loyal, structurally profitable, and revenue-diverse airlines, which together will represent about 100% of industry profits in 2025.

Speaker #6: We continue to target double-digit pre-tax margins in the long term. Turning to the balance sheet, we continue to march towards our goal of an investment-grade balance sheet.

Speaker #6: During the quarter and earlier this month, we bought back three 77 aircraft off of expensive COVID air leases that carried implied interest rates in the high single digits.

Michael Leskinen: During the quarter and earlier this month, we bought back three 787 aircraft off of expensive COVID air leases that carried implied interest rates in the high single digits. This accelerated our deleveraging efforts while further optimizing our cost of capital. We've eliminated all expensive financing from the balance sheet and have no fixed coupons over 6%, an average floating margin of 1.9%, and an average cost of debt of less than 5%. These actions are being noticed by the rating agencies. We were upgraded by S&P to BB+ from BB on August 12, the highest they have rated us in over two decades. This change gives recognition to the fact that our business plan is working as our earnings grow and become more resilient and continue our migration towards investment-grade credit ratings.

Speaker #6: This accelerated our deleveraging efforts while further optimizing our cost of capital. We have eliminated all expensive financing from the balance sheet and have no fixed coupons over 6%.

Speaker #6: An average floating margin of 1.9% and an average cost of debt of less than 5%. These actions are being noticed by the rating agencies.

Speaker #6: We are upgraded by S&P to double B+ from double B on August 12th, the the highest they have rated us in over two decades.

Speaker #6: This change gives recognition to the fact that our business plan is working as our earnings grow, become more resilient, and continue our migration towards investment-grade credit ratings.

Speaker #6: Pre-cash flow generation also remains a key focus, and we expect to generate over $3 billion in pre-cash flow this year. I've talked about pre-cash flow converging around 50%, and this year we're trending well above that due to the timing of aircraft deliveries.

Michael Leskinen: Free cash flow generation also remains a key focus, and we expect to generate over $3 billion in free cash flow this year. I've talked about free cash flow conversion around 50%, and this year we're trending well above that due to the timing of aircraft deliveries. As aircraft deliveries accelerate and CapEx rises, we expect to remain in the 50% range. As we exit the decade, we expect the conversion to accelerate closer to around 75%. On the buyback, we continue to take a measured approach and take advantage of opportunistic moves in the market while also working towards getting our net leverage below two times. To wrap it up, I want to thank the team for the continued execution. Our ability to manage through what has been an earnings recession for the airline industry has been remarkable.

Speaker #6: As aircraft deliveries accelerate and CapEx rise, we expect to remain in the 50% range, and as we exit the decade, we expect the conversion to accelerate closer to around 75%.

Speaker #6: On the buyback, we continue to take a measured approach and take advantage of opportunistic moves in the market while also working towards getting our net leverage below two times.

Speaker #6: To wrap it up, I want to thank the team for their continued execution. Our ability to manage through what has been an earnings recession for the airline industry has been remarkable.

Speaker #6: And while I still think there is upside to our absolute margin, and that matters the most, our relative margin is outstanding. My confidence in the financial future continues to grow as we exit the year.

Michael Leskinen: While I still think there is upside to our absolute margin, and that matters the most, our relative margin is outstanding. My confidence in the financial future continues to grow as we exit the year. United Airlines Holdings Inc. and the industry continue to transform into a customer-centric, brand-loyal business. United Airlines Holdings Inc. will continue to provide more value to our customers, to our employees, and to our shareholders. Now back to Kristina in this Q&A.

Speaker #6: United Airlines and the industry continue to transform into a customer-centric brand loyal business. United Airlines will continue to provide more value to our customers through our employees and to our shareholders.

Speaker #6: Now back to Kristina to start Q&A.

Speaker #2: Thanks, Mike. We will now take questions from the analyst community. We want to get to as many of you as possible, so please limit yourself to one question, and if absolutely needed, one follow-up question.

Kristina Edwards: Thanks, Mike. We will now take questions from the analyst community. We want to get to as many of you as possible, so please limit yourself to one question, and if absolutely needed, one follow-up question. Regina, please describe the procedure to ask a question.

Speaker #2: Regina, please describe the procedure to ask a question.

Speaker #1: Thank you. The question and answer session will be conducted electronically. If you would like to ask a question, please press star, then one on your telephone keypad.

Operator: Thank you. The question and answer session will be conducted electronically. If you would like to ask a question, please press star, then one on your telephone keypad. Please hold for a moment while we assemble our queue. The first question comes from the line of Catherine O'Brien with Goldman Sachs. Please go ahead.

Speaker #1: Please hold for a moment while we assemble our queue. The first question comes from the line of Katherine O'Brien with Goldman Sachs. Please go ahead.

Speaker #7: Good morning, everyone. Thanks for the time. Should we first a follow-up to Scott's margin commentary to kick off the call? You know, we've seen domestic main cabin seats come out of the market this year, although there has been backfill.

[Analyst 1]: Good morning, everyone. Thanks for the time. To be first, a follow-up to Scott's margin commentary to kick off the call. We've seen domestic main cabin seats come out of the market this year, although there has been backfill. You noted that system margins would go up a couple of points if the industry rationalized more. What's your view on what would happen to main cabin margins if there was a step function change in main cabin supply? Would that narrow or even close the gap between main cabin and premium cabin margins, or there's just always going to be a gap given the demand profile of price-sensitive versus more premium customers? Thanks.

Speaker #7: You noted that system margins would go up a couple of points if the industry rationalized more, but what's your view on what would happen to main cabin margins if there was a step function change in main cabin supply?

Speaker #7: Would that narrow or even close the gap between main cabin and premium cabin margins, or there's just always going to be a gap given the demand profile of price-sensitive versus more premium customers?

Speaker #7: Thanks.

Speaker #3: So thanks, Katherine. That's an interesting and, I think, insightful question. But to answer it, I'm going to give you some of the, I think you guys take a step back and give some of the history.

Scott Kirby: Thanks, Catherine. That's an interesting and I think insightful question. To answer it, I'm going to give you some of the history. I think you got to take a step back and give some of the history and evolution of the industry. For most of my career, essentially everyone associated with the airline industry, airline executives, including myself for the first decade, Wall Street analysts, and investors have thought of the airline industry as a commodity, not just price, but schedule. Schedule drove everything. That's how most of us thought of the industry. By the way, it's why people on Wall Street write notes that essentially every seat is created equal and do competitive capacity analysis with the implicit assumption that every seat is created equal. I also think, by the way, it's the reason we trade at such low multiples because that's what happens in commodity industries.

Scott Kirby: What we've proven and continue to prove in the last few years is that it is possible to transform into a brand-loyal airline, which is dramatically different than the commoditized portion of the industry. For brand-loyal customers, if you think about those, I think they're the majority of customers in the industry. They're not all, but they're the majority of the customers in the industry. For them, schedule is still the number one factor. That's kind of how we got to thinking of this as a commoditized industry. Most customers have multiple airlines that have broadly competitive and similar schedules that give them the option. Most of those customers like to choose an airline to give their loyalty to, accumulate miles, get the credit card, go on great exotic destinations around the globe. Winning those customers is the winning formula. You have to win them.

Scott Kirby: You have to give them great value. Winning those customers is the winning formula. For those customers, it starts with the schedule, but that's just the starting point. From there, it's the product, it's the technology, it's the service, it's how our people treat all of them that allow us to win those customers. We look at the data from the last five years. In each of our hubs, we've won significant market share of customers that live in those cities. It's those brand-loyal customers that we have won, and that's something that we've been working on for almost a decade now. Billions of dollars of investments to get there, a focused strategy that has been consistent over time. That's why I say that is structural. That is a structural change. Because it's structural, it's permanent and irreversible.

Scott Kirby: What that means on the commodity portion of this is we do have some, you know, some of our seats that are being supplied to the commodity portion of the business. As a percentage, it's less than others, but everyone does. I think that portion of the business currently loses money for everyone. For the ultra-low-cost carriers, they're 100% commoditized, and you can see how much it loses, but it really loses money across the board. Brand-loyal is higher margin, but commodity loses money. That supply is adjusting in the commodity portion of the business. I think it is going to continue. It just started. The tip of the spear is the airlines that are 100%, but it's not going to stop there. I think within a couple of years, the supply and demand will be balanced for the commodity portion of the business, and it'll be profitable for everyone.

That allow us to win those customers. And we look at the data from The Last 5 Years, like in each of our hubs, we've won significant market share of customers that live, uh, in those cities. And it's those brand loyal customers, uh, that we have won. Um, and that's, you know, that's something that we've been working on for, you know, almost a decade. Now, um, billions of dollars of Investments to get there. A focus strategy that has been consistent over time. Um, that's why I say that is structural, um, that is a structural change. Uh, but because it's structural, it's permanent and irreversible, what that means, on the commodity portion of this, we do have some, you know, some of our seats that are being supplied to the commodity portion of the business. Uh, it's less than as a percentage, it's less than others. But everyone does I think that portion of the business currently loses money for? Um, everyone, you know, for the ultra low cost carriers, they're 100% commoditized And you can see how much it loses but it really loses money across the board. Um, brand loyal is higher higher margin, but come on

Scott Kirby: I think it'll be low margin as all commodity businesses are, but it will be profitable. The great news for us is that the majority of our revenue is going to come from the brand-loyal customers. I think we're proving this year that that revenue stream is resilient in tough times, but that it also has even more upside in the good times. I think commoditized seats on an airline, you know, the more commoditized seats you have, the lower the margins are going to be, though I think they will be profitable. The future really is going to belong to the couple of brand-loyal airlines that I think are going to be able to achieve more stability in earnings, less cyclicality, more stability, and high and mid-teens margins.

Body loses money, that Supply is adjusting in the commodity portion of the business. I think it is going to I just started, you know, the tip of the sphere is the airlines that are 100% but it's not going to stop there. And I think within a couple of years, the supply and demand will be balanced uh for the commodity portion of the business and it'll be profitable for everyone.

Hey, it'll be low margin as all commodity businesses are, uh, but it will be profitable. Um, but the great news for us is that, you know, the majority of our revenue is going to come from the brand loyal customers. Uh, I think we're proving this year that that

Revenue stream is resilient in tough times. Um but that's also, you know, has more even more upside uh in the good time. So I think commodity seats on an airline, you know, the more commoditized seats you have um the lower, the margins are going to be that I think there will be profitable. Um but that the future really is going to belong to the couple of brand, loyal airlines that I think are be going to be able to achieve more stability, and earnings less physicality, more stability and uh and and mid teens margins.

[Analyst 1]: Thanks so much for all that color, Scott. I really appreciate it. Maybe I can squeeze in a quick follow-up for Mike on cost. Last quarter, you had said fourth-quarter costs would look similar to Q2, inclusive of a flight attendant deal. There's quite a lot of moving pieces since then with the flight attendants and some maintenance shifts. Can you just update us on something to tether to? Could CASM still be close to that Q2 reference point, or if not, can you just help us, help us frame it a bit more? Thank you so much. Yeah.

[Analyst 2]: Thanks for the question, Katie. We got about a point benefit from maintenance moving from Q3 into Q4, as I said. We also got about a point benefit from the labor agreement. Underlying that, we also got a further third point of goodness that I think is indicative of what you're going to see in the future from us of underlying core efficiency. All that came together for really an excellent result. I do expect Q4 to trend up from the Q3 level, but really proud of those results.

Control that color Scott. Really appreciate it. See if I can squeeze in a quick follow-up for Mike on cost. So last quarter you had said fourth quarter cost would look similar to 2q inclusive of flight attendant deal. There's quite a lot of moving pieces since then with the flight attendants and some maintenance shift, can you update us on something? That's Tethered to could Chasm. Still be close to that 2q reference point or or if not could you help us? Uh help us frame it a bit more. Thank you so much.

Yeah, thanks for the question. Katie and look we um we got about a point benefit from maintenance moving from 32 into 4 q. As I said. Uh, we also get about a point benefit from, uh, from the labor agreement.

Underlying that we also got a further third point of goodness that I think is indicative of what you're going to see in the future from us of underlying core efficiency. Um so all that came together for really an excellent result. I do expect for you to Trend uh Trend up from the 3Q level um but really proud of this results.

Operator: Our next question comes from the line of Jamie Baker with JPMorgan. Please go ahead.

Our next question comes.

From the line of Jamie.

Here with JP Morgan.

[Analyst 3]: Good morning. A question for Andrew. Last week, the topic of premium leisure yields exceeding certain corporate yields came up. Obviously, it's easy to find isolated examples of this, but my question to you is, how widespread might this be across your network? Does this potentially represent a secular change, or should investors still remain focused on corporate yields as representing the gold standard in the long run the way they clearly were a decade ago?

Yeah, good morning. Um, so question for Andrew last week, the topic of Premium Leisure yields exceeding certain corporate yields came up. Obviously it's easy to find isolated examples of this but, you know, my question to you is, you know, how widespread might this be across your network. And, and does this potentially represent a secular change or should investors still remain focused on corporate yields

As you know, representing the gold standard in the long run the way they clearly were a decade ago.

Andrew Nocella: Sure. It's a really good question, Jamie. It's a nuanced answer, you know, based on everything else in our business that's complicated. The answer is the premise is correct, that we've seen the growth of premium leisure and the yield quality accelerate really fast. When we look at it across our domestic system, we find, in fact, the quality of premium leisure business often exceeds that of traditional corporate business, which, by the way, is a much smaller percentage of United Airlines Holdings Inc.'s business than it was in 2019. I think the distinction that I'll give you that's a little bit different is that same phenomena is not yet true in global long haul. The corporate there does remain much higher yield than the premium leisure business at this point.

Andrew Nocella: Again, premium leisure continues to accelerate, the percentage of the cabin continues to grow, and our overall sold load factors and players continue to grow. We seek through RM the best of both worlds. We seek to maintain all of that corporate business and gain corporate share, while at the same time, as we reconfigure aircraft, taking on more and more premium leisure business. I couldn't be more excited by this trend. It's just an amazing thing that I don't think anybody would have predicted in 2019, but it's come true, and it's come true quarter after quarter, I think, for three years in a row now. It will come true again in Q4 of this year, and we will lean further into premium capacity next year as a result with things we planned a couple of years ago.

It's a really good question, Jamie. And it's, um, a new song standard, uh, you know, based on on everything else in our in our business. That's complicated. So, the the answer is the, the premise is correct that we've seen the growth, the premium Leisure, and the yield quality accelerate, uh, really fast. Um, and when we look at it, across our domestic system, uh, we find in fact, the quality of of Premium Leisure business, uh, often uh, exceeds that of traditional corporate business, which by the way, is a much smaller percentage of, uh, United business than it was in 2019. Um, I think the distinction that I'll give you, that's a little bit different. Um, is that that same phenomena is not yet true in global Long Haul, uh, that the, the corporate there, uh, does remain uh, much higher yield, uh, than the premium Leisure business at this point. But again, premium Leisure continues to accelerate the percentage of the cabinet uh continues to grow.

And our overall sold load factors in Polaris continue to grow. So, we seek through RM the Best of Both Worlds. We seek to maintain all of that corporate business and gain corporate share, while at the same time, as we reconfigure our aircraft, taking on more and more premium leisure business. So, I couldn't be more excited about this trend; like, it’s just an amazing thing that I don't.

[Analyst 3]: Somewhat related to that, Andrew, the relationship between revenue and nominal GDP got a lot of airplay during the recovery from COVID. It's not really a talking point anymore, but the bull case at one time was that enough structural changes were taking place that we would see the industry exceed the pre-COVID long-term relationship. Certainly, based on the A4A data, that hasn't happened yet. Maybe you crunch the numbers differently, but is this topic merely a blast from the past or something that we should continue thinking about? Do you think about it? Put it that way. Thanks.

Think anybody would have predicted in 2019, but it's come true. And it's come true quarter after quarter, I think for 3 years in a row now, uh, and, uh, it will come true again in the Q4 this year, and we will lean further into premium capacity next year as a result would, uh, things we planned a couple years ago.

Andrew Nocella: I don't think about it that way anymore, and I don't think about it that way, in a large part. You know, what Scott gave is a narrative on how we're different, how a few airlines like us are different, and our revenue streams are simply different and durable, relative to the commodity-based airlines. When you look at that GDP relationship, you're looking at one big total of revenues, and it doesn't distinguish the high-quality airlines and the high-quality seats from the low-quality seats. That's the thing that I think has been lost in the formula that we all used to rely upon. No, we do not rely upon that formula, as we used to.

And somewhat related to that Andrew you know the relationship between revenue and nominal GDP. Got a lot of AirPlay during the recovery, you know, from coid. It's not really a talking point anymore but you know the bull case at 1 time, was it enough? Structural change had taken place that we would see the industry exceed, you know, the preco long-term relationship and certainly based on the a4a data that hasn't happened yet. Maybe you crunch the numbers differently, but is this topic merely a blast from the past or or something that we should continue thinking about? Do you think about it? Put it that way? Thanks. I, I don't think about it that way anymore and I don't think about it that way in a large part. You know what, Scott gave his narrative on how we're different how a few Airlines like us are different. And our revenue streams are simply different and durable, uh, relative to the commodity-based airlines. So when you look at that GDP relationship, you're looking at 1 big total of revenues, um and it doesn't distinguish.

The high quality Airlines and the high quality seeds from the low quality seeds. Uh, and that's the thing that I think has been lost in, uh, the formula that we all used to rely upon. So no, we do not rely upon that formula. Uh, as we used to

Operator: Our next question comes from the line of Andrew Didora with Bank of America. Please go ahead.

Our next question comes from the line of Andrew dedora with Bank of America. Please go ahead.

[Analyst 4]: Hey, good morning, everyone. Thanks for taking the questions. This first question for Andrew. I guess I noticed the air traffic liability fell only 3% sequentially. If I look back historically, it's been closer to down 10% Q2 to Q3. I think this clearly supports some of the bullish commentary that you've had on the call. My question, how should we read into this decline in the ATL? Does this speak to just the strong pricing that you're seeing, or does it say something just in terms of how you are booked today for the rest of the year in terms of volumes than maybe you typically are at this point in time?

If I look back historically it's been closer to down down 10 to 2 to 3 Q. So I think there's clearly support some of the bullish commentary that you've had on the call. I guess my question, you know, how should we read into this decline in the ATL does this speak to

Just the strong pricing that you're seeing, or does it say something? Just in terms of how you are booked today for the rest of the year? In terms of volumes, then maybe you typically are at this point in time.

Andrew Nocella: Those facts are correct in terms of the ATL. It's the momentum in the business. It is clearly a lot of good bookings that we've taken over the last few months and months reflecting our outlook for Q4, which we're really proud of the outlook for Q4 and how it is inflected nicely from Q3. We're also booked a little bit ahead as we go into Q4. That reflects that. Overall, we've seen a really good environment. I said in my prepared remarks what we saw from business traffic at United, our bookings over the last few weeks, which have been really amazing. Looking forward to positive news for Q4 and a great 2026.

Uh, that those facts are correct in terms of the ATL. Um, you know, I I would, it's the momentum in the business. Uh, it is clearly, uh, a lot of good bookings that we've taken over the last few months and months reflecting our outlook for Q4 which, you know, we're, we're really proud of the outlook for Q4, uh, and how it is, uh, inflected nicely from Q3. Uh, we're also booked a little bit ahead as we go into Q4, uh, that reflects that but overall, um, you know, we've seen a really good environment. I, I said, in my prepared remarks, what we saw from business traffic at United, our bookings, uh, over the last few weeks, which have been really amazing. Um, so uh, looking forward to uh, positive uh, you know, news for Q4 and a great 2026.

[Analyst 4]: Got it. Maybe just as a follow-up, I kind of wanted to ask you on the Latin America results in the quarter. You know, your calls are very focused on margins. Just curious, you know, why did you grow so much in Latin America in Q3 when it seems like the RASM performance certainly didn't warrant it? Just curious your thoughts there and how maybe you can fix that going forward. Thank you.

Got it. And then just as a follow-up, I kind of wanted to ask you about the Latin America results in the quarter, you know.

Andrew Nocella: Yeah, I think that's a very fair question. Look, results for Latin, we're disappointed. As we look toward Q4, I think Latin will have our largest sequential improvement. It is an easy comp, I guess, at the end of the day. I expect elevated year-over-year capacity in the region to exist for approximately another two quarters by United and the industry. While competitive capacity tailwinds are favorable across most of our network in the coming quarters, that isn't true in Latin America, and that's very focused on Mexico and Central America. As we see in our domestic flying, we believe most of the new competitive flying in the region to the United States is unprofitable and transitory. We have a good position in Houston, and we intend to hold our ground. Non-core, non-Houston flying by United that underperformed will be removed.

Your calls are very focused on on margins. So just curious, you know, why did you grow so much? Um, in Latin America in, in 3Q when it seems like the resin performance? Certainly didn't warrant, it just curious your thoughts there and how maybe you can uh fix that going forward. Thank you.

Andrew Nocella: I'll also say deep south flying is setting up for a nice peak season, driving improvements. Core United capacity to and from Houston to Mexico and Central America will continue as planned, and we remain very focused on the long term when it comes to our Houston hub and our Latin American franchise.

Yeah, I I think that's a very fair question. Look results for Latin word. We're we're disappointed. Um as we look towards Q4 you know I think Latin will have our largest sequential Improvement but you know, that's not an easy. It it is an easy comp I guess at the end of the day. So look I expect elevated year-over-year capacity in the region to exist for approximately another 2 quarters by United and the industry while competitive capacity tail. Ones are favorable across most of our Network, in the coming quarters that isn't true in Latin America and that very focused on Mexico and Central America. As we see in our domestic line, We Believe most of the new competitive line in the region to the United States is unprofitable and transitory. Um, we have a good position in Houston and we intend to hold our ground non-core, non- Houston flying by United that underperformed will be removed. And I'll also say deep south blind is is setting up for a nice peak season drive and improvements. But you know, core United capacity to and from Houston to Mexico and Central America.

We'll continue as planned, and we remain very focused on the long term when it comes to our Houston Hub and our Latin American franchise.

Operator: Our next question comes from the line of Sheila Kahyaoglu with Jefferies. Please go ahead.

Our next question.

Comes from the line of Sheila.

With Jeff, please. Go ahead.

[Analyst 5]: Good morning, guys, and thank you. Maybe two questions. The first one short term. Can we talk about the sequential unit revenue trajectory for Q4? It's the moving pieces of domestic versus international. It's somewhat interesting that international is going to outperform given where schedules are shaping up. Can you just give us a little bit of data on the booking curve and how the holidays are looking?

Good morning, guys, and thank you. Um, maybe two questions. The first one, short term, can we talk about the sequential unit revenue trajectory for Q4? It's, uh, the moving pieces of domestic versus international. It's just interesting that international scenario associating that you just give us a little bit of data on the booking curve and how the holidays are looking.

Andrew Nocella: All right. Look, it's Andrew. Q4 is setting up nicely, as I've indicated. I think, as you all can figure out, if you look at our guidance, we're seeing really significant sequential gains in our RASM. What I'll start off with is, Newark clearly had a substantial negative impact on Q3 of a little more than a point. While we're always yield-focused as a premium brand-loyal airline, we did temporarily use lower prices across all products to regain share following that event, and that continued for most of Q3. Newark share did rebound, first with lower yields in local leisure passengers and then with higher yield leisure and corporate business, following the improvement throughout the quarter. While the impact of bookings has largely dissipated, we did build a small deficit of Q3 bookings traveling into Q4, which is in our guide, by the way.

All right. Look. Um, it's Andrew. I Q4 is, uh, setting up nicely as I've indicated, and I think as you all can figure out, if you, you look at our guidance, we're we're seeing really significant sequential gains in our Ras. Um, um, you know what? I'll start off with is, you know newer clearly had a substantial negative impact on Q3 of a little more than a point. And while we're always yield focused as a premium branded loyal Airline we did temporarily use lower prices across all products to regain share or follow in that event. And that continued for most of Q3, um, New York share did rebound, uh, first with lower yields in local Leisure passengers and then would higher yield Leisure and corporate business. Um uh following the Improvement throughout the quarter. And while the impact of bookings is largely dissipated, we did build a small deficit of Q3 bookings traveling into Q4 which is in our

Andrew Nocella: The remainder of our Q3 gap relates to the timing of events in 2024, including the Paris Olympics and CrowdStrike. I think that's pretty simple math, that others in the industry have explained. I'm really excited about the inflection. I think all three international entities are going to see really good sequential improvement. By the way, I think Atlantic, even with elevated capacity, will absolutely be positive in Q4 year over year, and probably the same is true for our Pacific entity. We did see this one-time gap in Q3 based on how we shaped capacity. As I said earlier in my prepared remarks, we're going to alter our schedule for 2026 to account for that. In the end, across the entire globe, Hawaii has definitely been a strong spot for us.

Andrew Nocella: I'd say the rest of the globe is all performing at the same rate, which is a rate we're pretty happy with when we look again at the sequential improvement.

Uh, and then in the end across the entire Globe, you know, their their, you know, Hawaii's definitely been a strong uh spot for us. Um but I'd say the rest of the globe is all performing uh at the same rate, which is a rate we're pretty happy with. When we look again at the sequential Improvement.

[Analyst 5]: Great. Maybe a longer-term question, Scott, maybe for you if you'd like. You mentioned 100 bps of margin improvement per year. How do you think about that as CASM ex-fuel rises as 2 to 3% per year? It implies margin expansion is assuming RASM up low to mid-single digits per year. How do you think about the drivers of that and obviously a significant divergence from history?

And maybe um a longer term question thought maybe for you if you'd like uh you mentioned 100th of margin Improvement per year, how do you think about that as Hazmat is Rises 2 to 3% per year? Um it implies margin expansion is assuming raim up low to mid single digits per year. So how do you think about the drivers with that and obviously a significant diver Divergence from history.

[Analyst 2]: Yeah, it does. The math means that RASM has to outperform CASM. I do expect that to happen. I mean, you look at next year, it's easy comps, you know, just to start with, but we just continue to have a lot of traction with brand-loyal customers. You look deeper into the data where we won market share in each of our hubs and you know how that is reacting, how that is flowing through the margins. I feel pretty confident that we ought to be able to get at least a point of margin per year. I think if you kind of look at this year, there's been an unprecedented amount of stuff that has happened this year, kind of across the whole industry at a macro level, and also to us specifically in Newark.

[Analyst 2]: The fact that we're going to grow earnings this year, I think, is quite remarkable. I've used the word resilient, but it's also a demonstration that our strategy, if you strip all that out, we grew by more than a margin. We would have grown by more than a margin, a full point of margin this year. We feel really confident, you dig into the data on brand-loyal customers and what's happening in each of our hubs, that that's going to be a tailwind. I also briefly mentioned it in my opening remarks, but we have some really big ideas on the loyalty program, which we're not going to tell you today for anyone else asking. I think we're going to double the EBITDA by the end of the decade in that program, which is going to have more.

Uh, yeah, it does. The math is means that rasim has to outperform Chasm. I do expect that to happen. I mean, you look, you look next year. It's easy comp. Um, you know, just to start with, uh, but you know, we just continue to have a lot of traction, uh, with Brands loyal customers and you look deeper into the data where we want market share in each of our hubs. And you know how that is reactive, you know how that is flowing through the margins? Uh, feel pretty confident that we ought to be able to get at least a point of margin per year. Uh, and I think if you kind of look at this year, um, there's been an unprecedented amount of stuff that has happened. Uh, this year, you know, kind of a cross, the whole industry at a macro level. Um, and also to us specifically uh, in newer uh, and

[Analyst 2]: I think we're just beginning to realize the full potential of the loyalty program. There's a lot of runway there.

The fact that we're going to grow earnings this year, I think is quite remarkable. Um, you know, I use the word resilient, um, but it's also a demonstration that our strategy, you know, if you strip all that out, you know, we grew by more than a margin, we would have grown by more than a margin of 4 point of margin this year and so we feel really confident you dig into the data on, you know, brand loyal customers and what's happening in each of our hubs. Um, that, um, that that's going to be a tailwind. And I also briefly mentioned it in my opening remarks. But uh, we have some really big ideas on the Loyalty program which we're not going to tell you today for anyone else asking. Um, but I think we're going to double the Eva, you know, by the end of the decade, uh, and that program um which is going to have more. I think we're I think we're just beginning to realize the full potential, um, of the Loyalty program and there's a lot of

Michael Leskinen: Sheila, I can't help but pile on. You know, when I talked about the CASM ex-fuel buildup, I talked about 1% to 2% of CASM ex-fuel related to inflation after we manage, you know, have the opportunity to drive engage. Then we're adding a point as we create more segmentation, more premium product. We're adding that point very consciously because it's driving consumer preference. It's driving consumers to upgrade their cabin, it's driving consumers to buy what is a premium product. That is profit accretive. If it wasn't profit accretive, we wouldn't spend it.

A lot, a lot of Runway there.

Sheila, I can't help but pile on um, you know, when I talked about the chasm mix build up, I talked about 1 to 2% of Chasm, Max related to inflation, after we manage, you know, have the opportunity to drive engage and they were adding a point as we create more segmentation more premium product. Um, we're adding that point, uh, very consciously because it's driving consumer preference, it's, it's driving consumers to upgrade their cabinets, driving consumers to buy to buy, what is a premium product. And so, um, that's profit or creative. Um, if it wasn't profit, the creative we wouldn't spend

Andrew Nocella: I'll just pile on since we're all talking. For next year, our premium capacity will be up 2 to 3 points more than our total capacity. I'm not going to give you guidance for next year, but we've pre-programmed this long ago to take advantage of these premium trends. We know that we need to change our commercial strategies, our configurations, and our products in order to achieve those gains. The good news is we've pre-planned it, and it's going to happen.

And then I'll I'll just file on since we're all talking, you know for for next year, our premium capacity will be up 2 to 3 points more than our total capacity. I'm not going to give you guidance for next year, but we've we've pre-programmed this long ago uh, to take advantage of these premium Trends and we know that we need to change our commercial strategies, our configurations, and our products in order to achieve those arousing gains and the good news is we, we pre-planned it and it's going to happen.

Operator: Our next question will come from the line of Dwayne Finnegworth with Evercore ISI. Please go ahead.

Our next question will come from the line at the Lane Finworth with Evercore ISI. Please go ahead.

[Analyst 3]: Hey, thanks. I appreciate it. You've covered a lot of good stuff already. I wondered if we could bridge from the tone of mid-September conferences to today, not really about the third quarter, but forward bookings. I assume you have a good head start on Q4 bookings and advanced yields year over year. Can you comment on how much of a head start you've built, specifically maybe on advanced book yields? Is your relative optimism about Transatlantic, is that a volume comment or is that a yield comment?

appreciate, you've covered a lot of good stuff already but I wondered if we could, um,

Bridge us from the tone of mid-September conferences to today. Not really about the third quarter, but forward bookings.

I assume you have a good Head Start. Uh, on 4 q. Bookings and advanced yields. Uh, year-over-year, can you comment on how much of a head start? You've built uh, specifically maybe on Advanced book yields

Um, and as your relative optimism about transatlantic, is that a, is that a volume comment? Or is that a yield comment?

Andrew Nocella: Over the next two months, we've booked ourselves ahead versus last year. We go into the quarter booked a couple of points ahead, which was intentional on our part. We did use a little bit of yield to make that happen again, but that was intentional, based on what we did last year and how we managed the capacity. We're happy with that. On the Atlantic, there's a Tel Aviv story, which is different than the rest. Atlantic, we've learned a lot about Q3 seasonality and where capacity should be placed. We are going to be a lot more prudent with July and August in particular next year and push capacity out into the other quarters. As we look at Atlantic, and you can see the numbers, we're growing pretty swiftly in Q3, or Q4, sorry.

Andrew Nocella: I've told you already that we expect we will be positive razzum across the Atlantic. We've properly placed our capacity. We're aware of the demand trends, and we're very happy with what it looks like. The last thing I'll add is, in particular for us, the propensity or the share of revenue in premium cabins is the lowest in Q3 and the highest in Q4, which favors United Airlines given our business-centric airline and how we do well. We're heading into, amazingly, which is a point of strength, the Q4 across the Atlantic, which again, I don't think if we went back to 2017, 2018, or 2019, I would be able to say that. I'm really excited about that. I think that opens up all kinds of possibilities for the airline on how we manage our capacity. It's off to a great start.

Andrew Nocella: We're early in the quarter, but it's off to a great start.

Uh, and push capacity, uh, out into the other quarters. And so, as we look at Atlantic, and you can see the numbers were growing, pretty swiftly in Q3 or Q4, sorry. And I told you already that we inspect, we will be, uh, positive rousing them across the Atlantic. Uh, so we've properly placed our capacity. We're aware of the demand Trends, uh, and we're very happy, uh, that looks like. And the last thing I'll add is um, in particular for us the propensity or the share of Revenue in premium, cabins is the lowest in Q3 and the highest in Q4 which favors United Airlines, given our business Centric Airline uh, and how we do well. And so we're heading into amazingly, which is a point of strength. The Q4 across the Atlantic which again, I don't think if we went back to 2017 18 or 19. Uh, I would be able to say that, um, and uh, I'm really excited about that. I think that opens up all kinds of possibilities for the airline and how we manage our capacity, um, and, uh, it's off to a great start.

We're early in the quarter but it's off to a great start.

[Analyst 3]: Thank you. Thank you, Andrew. Thank you. Mike, can you talk more specifically about the maintenance expense that shifted here? The muscle memory is such that there always seems to be something that's going to come back, and then it never does. I think you've been good and conservative there. Is there an accrual for flight attendants specifically baked into the 4Q guide? Should we think about 2026 as one of your framework, two to three years? Thank you.

Thank you, Andrew and just quickly on costs. Uh, Mike, can you talk more specifically about the maintenance expense, uh, that shifted here? It, it just, I mean, the muscle memory is such that there always seems to be something that's going to come back and then it never does. So I think you've been, um, you know, good and and conservative there is there an AC cruel? Um, for flight attendant specifically, baked into the 4q guide and should we think about 2020?

Michael Leskinen: Yeah, thanks, Dwayne. I think there are three questions in there. Let me try to address them in order. 2020, the quarter, the 1% movement was primarily engines. This happens with some frequency, where an engine event that we had been expecting pushes from Q3 to Q4 or Q2 to Q3. That happens. Yes, sometimes what happens is that another separate engine event pushes from Q4 into Q1, and therefore, you don't see the catch-up. I do think you'll see the catch-up of that point in Q4 of this year. That was the point. Regarding flight attendants, look, we've got the best flight attendants in the business. They deserve an industry-leading contract. We're going to give them an industry-leading contract.

6, as 1 of your framework uh 2 to 3 years. Thank you.

And thanks Dwayne. Um I think there are 3 questions in there. Let me try to address them in the order.

Michael Leskinen: We're hoping to get back to the negotiation table here in late October, and very optimistic we will have a ratified deal in 2026, early 2026, to get them that industry-leading pay. We're not going to accrue for expenses in a quarter when we don't expect a ratification in that quarter. Your final question around 2026, I think that 2% to 3% is the right percent, is the right expectation for CASM ex-fuel as you look over a multi-year timeframe. We do have a bill to pay on the labor front. I've been saying for some time that that bill is 2% to 3% when all of those labor agreements ratify. We will have some added expense relative to that in 2026.

Um 2020, uh uh the quarter that 1% movement was primarily engines. This happens with some frequency uh, where an engine event that we had been expecting pushes from 32 to 42 or 22 to 32 that happens. And then yes sometimes uh what happens is that another separate engine event pushes from 4 q into 1, q and therefore, you don't see it, the catch up, I do think you'll see the catch up of that point in 4 q of this year. So, that was the point, uh, regarding flight attendants. Look, we've got the best flight attendants in the business. They deserve an industry-leading contract, we're going to give them an industry-leading contract, we're hoping to get back to the negotiation table, um, here in late October, um, and very optimistic. We will uh have a ratified deal in 2026 early 2026 to get them that industry-leading pay.

Um, but we're not going to acrew for expenses in a quarter when we don't expect a ratification in that quarter.

And then your final question around 2026. Um, I think that 2 to 3% is the right is the right expectation for tasm Max. Uh, as you look over a multi-year uh time frame, we have uh we do have a bill to pay on the labor front. Um I've been saying for some time that that bill is 2 to 3 points um when all of those labor agreements ratify. And so we will have some added expense relative to that in 2026.

Operator: Our next question comes from the line of Connor Cunningham with Melius Research. Please go ahead.

Our next question comes from the line of Conor Cunningham with Melius research. Please go ahead.

[Analyst 3]: Hi, everyone. Thank you. Scott, I know you asked us not to ask about the doubling of the loyalty EBITDA, but it's a pretty big carrot, so I have to ask. Maybe you could talk about, you know, you redid the deal with the, on your credit card, with Chase, right before the pandemic. I think that we're getting up to the time where we start to renegotiate a new one. Maybe you could talk about what is the driver behind doubling in terms of a new rate and versus what you're going to do behind the scenes to make the loyalty program more valuable. Thank you.

Andrew Nocella: I mean, we couldn't be more excited about the opportunity. There's a lot going on in the space, and I'm not going to divulge the details of our Chase contract in terms of its term. That remains confidential. The term doesn't go forever, just like every contract we enter into. I think the broader point is when we think about the frequent flyer program, United is a true loyalty program, you know, and loyalty is different than a reward program. It's important that we manage our program in that vein, and there are a bunch of things we can do to take advantage of our unique status. We think there's only, in the United States, two to four loyalty programs. Everything else we talk about is a reward program.

Hi everyone. Thank you. Uh, Scott. I know you asked us not to ask about the doubling of the Loyalty but uh, but it's a it's a pretty big carrot. So I have to ask, um, maybe you could talk about I, you know, you you redid the deal with the on your credit card uh uh with Chase uh right before the pandemic, you know, I I think that we're getting up to the time where we start to renegotiate a new 1. So maybe you could talk about what is uh the driver behind doubling in terms of a new rate and versus what you're going to do behind the scenes to make the Loyalty program more valuable. Thank you.

So look, I'll I'll start look, we're I mean, it couldn't be more excited about the opportunity, there's a lot going on in the space and I'm not going to divulge the details of our Chase contract in terms of its term, uh, that that remains confidential. But the term doesn't go forever. Just like every contract we enter into, but I think the broader Point, um, is when we think about the frequent flyer program, um, you know,

Andrew Nocella: We're not going to announce it today, but we're going to be working very hard to make sure that consumers fully understand the distinction between our program and the alternatives and the rewards and the value that can be achieved at United in a way that I don't think has been done in the past. I think that's enough of a hint for now, and more to come. You know, as Scott said, we're very excited about this, and we'll see where we go.

Uh, and more to come. But, you know, as Scott said, we're very excited about this, and uh, we'll see where we get.

[Analyst 3]: Okay. We'll look forward to that. Maybe, sticking with the whole hub stuff and capacity in general. Scott, I think you did an interview not too long ago. You talked about how United only fights battle from the high ground. You know, when you first came there, when you guys first came there to take over United and reshape it, you talked a fair bit about the mid-con hub strategy. I was hoping you could just mark where we are in terms of that rebuild. It just seems like there's, you know, the industry's in flux right now. There's an opportunity to kind of start to potentially think about focus cities and whatnot. Can you just talk about the opportunity behind, beyond the seven hubs, in general? Thank you.

Andrew Nocella: Sure. I'll start off with, and I'm sure Scott can add some of his wisdom to the conversation. We haven't completed the UnitedNext assignment that we set out to do. We should complete that either probably in late 2026 or maybe early 2027. That goal is to reach a certain level of connectivity, critical mass, and gauge that allows us to achieve much higher domestic margins than we have traditionally achieved in our domestic hubs. As I've said many times, and I'll say again today, international margins lead the way at United. While I expect that to be true over the long run, I do expect the gap to be able to shrink dramatically, based on what we plan for the hubs, and in particular, this gauge calculation. We still remain under-gauged.

Okay, we'll look forward to that may maybe uh, sticking with the the, the whole Hub stuff in capacity in general. Um, Scott. I think you did interview not too long ago. You talked about how united only fights battle from The High Ground. Um, you know, when you first came there, when you guys first came there to, to take over United in, in, in reshape it, you talked to a fair bit about the midcom Hub strategy. I was hoping you could just Mark where we are in terms of that rebuild. It just seems like there's, you know, the the industry is in flux right now. There's an opportunity to kind of start to potentially think about Focus cities and whatnot. Can you just talk about the opportunity behind uh be beyond the 7 H in general? Thank you.

Well, you know, I I'll start off with, I'm sure Scott can add some of his wisdom to the conversation. But um, uh, we we haven't completed the United next assignments, that we set out to do. Uh, we should complete that either. Probably in late 2026 for maybe early 2027 and that goal is to reach a certain level of connectivity critical mass engage, um, that allows us to achieve much higher domestic margins. Um, than we have traditionally achieved in our domestic hubs. You know, as I've said many times and I'll say it again today International margins lead, the way United. And um, while I expect that to be true over the long run, I do expect the Gap to be able to shrink dramatically, uh, based on uh, you know what we planned for the

Andrew Nocella: That gauge is going to change our cost convergence calculation even further, allow us to capture more share at the high end and more share at the low end, all profitably. We still have roughly one to two more years to go. We'll figure out the exact endpoint. After that endpoint, we will take a broader look beyond our hubs at what makes sense. We're very careful to make sure that whatever flying we add is margin accretive, and that'll be a test beyond our hubs. For right now, still very focused on our hubs.

Hubs. And in particular, this gauge calculation, we still remain under gauged that gauge is going to change our cost convergence calculation even further. Allow us to capture more share at the high end and more share at the low end all profitably. Um, but we still have, you know, roughly 1 to 2 more years to go. Um, you know, we'll, we'll figure out the exact endpoint, but after that endpoint, we will take a broader look, uh, beyond our hubs at what makes sense. Um, but you know, we're very careful to make sure that whatever fine we add is margin of creative. Uh and uh, that will be a test uh the honor hubs but for right now, still very focused on our hubs.

Operator: Our next question comes from the line of Scott Group with Wolfe Research. Please go ahead.

Our next question comes from the line of Scott, group, with wolf research, please go ahead.

Michael Leskinen: Hey, thanks. Good morning. I've got two quick ones. I'll just lump them into one. The loyalty EBITDA doubling, like just a rough starting point, like what % of the EBITDA is it today? I just want to get a sense of the base. Mike, just your point about two to three point, two to three point bill from labor, is that all two to three points incremental that comes next year? Or have you realized some of that from some of the other labor deals? I just want to, like, is flight attendant an incremental two to three points? I guess that's what I'm trying to figure out.

Hey thanks uh good morning. I've got 2 quick ones so I'll just lump them into 1 um the the Loyalty IBA doubling like just a rough.

starting point like what percentage of the IBA is it today I just want to get a sense of the base and then Mike just your your point about

2 to 3 points 2 to 3 point bill, from from labor.

Is that all 2 to 3 points incremental that comes next year? If you realize some of that from some of the other labor deals, I just want to, like, is 5 to 10 in an incremental 2 to 3 points? I guess that's what I'm trying to figure out.

[Analyst 2]: Let me take the expense question, Scott. This is not the time where we would give 2026 guidance, and nor do we give CASM and TRAZM guidance anymore. What I will tell you is, with the underlying inflation, with the labor headwinds we expect, we feel very confident about margin expansion and growth in earnings in 2026. For more detail on that, you're going to have to wait for the Q4 call. I'll give loyalty to Andrew.

Let me take the uh let me take the expense questions. Got um,

You know, this is not the time where we would give 2026 guidance, uh, and nor do we give kasm and try some guidance anymore. Um, but what I will tell you is um, with the underlying inflation, with the labor, headwinds, we expect we feel very confident about margin expansion and growth in earnings in 2026,

More detail on that. You're going to have to wait for the Q4 call.

Uh, I'll give Laurel to you to Andrew.

[Analyst 1]: Thank you, Mike Leskinen.

Operator: We can answer, I mean, Andrew just answered a very similar question right before this, Scott, and we'll have to wait and see for an investor day when we provide, you know, a clear breakdown of the contribution of this business. It's obviously a very meaningful portion of our earnings. For those of you that are next in the queue, I'd suggest you take my recommendation to limit yourself to one question. Our next question comes from the line of Tom Fitzgerald with TD Cowan. Please go ahead.

We can answer. I mean, Andrew just answered a very similar question right before this, Scott, and we'll have to wait and see for an investor day when we provide, you know, a clear breakdown of the contribution of this business. But it's obviously a very meaningful portion of our earnings.

And for those of you that have that are next in the queue, I, I suggest you take my, uh, my recommendation to limit yourself to 1 question.

Our next question comes from the line of Tom Fitzgerald with TD Cowen. Please go ahead.

Andrew Nocella: Hi, thanks so much for the time. I was wondering if you could just update us on the cadence of Starlink installation as we move through 2026, and then how the opportunities that open up for Kinective Media. Thanks again. I'll give it a start. For United Express, I think we're over halfway through at this point, with the Embraer 175s and the CRJ 550s. The experience on board the aircraft, by the way, is amazing. Hopefully, everybody tuned into the Today Show yesterday to see that demonstration on board. If you haven't, you can find it on social media and TikTok, because it was quite amazing. Our first 737-800 took off yesterday from Newark to Houston with dramatically higher NPS scores, like off the chart, on that aircraft equipped with Starlink. It is a game-changer, a gate-to-gate experience, reliable, and as fast as your living room.

Hi, thanks so much for the time. I was wondering if you could just update us on the Cadence of starlink installation, as we move through 2026. Um and then how the opportunities that opens up for connective media. Thanks again.

Andrew Nocella: This is going to be a unique differentiator versus our other competition. I tell you, like of all the things we put on board aircraft, all the changes we made, whether it's wine or food or better seats, Starlink could be the biggest of them all. As you pointed out, one of the more exciting things is how we intersect Starlink and the ability to deliver unique content to each and every seat in our Kinective Media business. Obviously, we have, I think through the end of 2027, to install Starlink on all of our aircraft, and we're going to do it on every single one of our aircraft. When we have that fully enabled, so it's still a bit down the road, the unique things we can do by knowing who's in a seat and being able to deliver unique content to that seat very quickly.

Andrew Nocella: By the way, that's not only the media opportunity, but that's about delivering aids to help in the travel journey, whether your luggage made it on board the aircraft or what you're about to eat or any other thing you need to know to make sure that you are stress-free when you travel on United Airlines. So much upside. I'm going to go back to the NPS scores on that flight the other day. We're off the charts, like a game-changer for United. We couldn't be more excited about this. It's one of the biggest things we've done in a really long time and maybe underappreciated, but it will soon be appreciated.

Uh, this is going to be a unique differentiator versus our other competition. Uh, and I, I tell you, like, of all the things we put on board, aircraft, all the changes we made whether its wine or food, or better seats, uh, starlink could be the biggest of the mall. Um, and as you pointed out, uh, 1 of the more exciting things is how we intersect starlink, and the ability to deliver unique content to each and every seat, uh, in our connected media business. Obviously, we have, uh, I think through the end of 2027, uh, to install, uh, uh, starlink on all of our aircraft. And we're going to do it on every single 1 of our aircraft, um, and when we have that fully enabled, so it's still a bit down the road. Um, the unique, uh, things we can do by knowing, who's in a seat and being able to deliver unique content to that seat very quickly. And, by the way, that's not only the media opportunity, but that's about delivering, um, aids to help in the travel Journey, whether your luggage made in on,

For the aircraft or what you're about to eat, or any other thing you need to know to make sure that you are stress-free when you travel on United Airlines. So, uh, so much upside. Again, I'm going to go back to the NPS scores on that flight the other day; they were off the charts, uh, like a game changer for United. Uh, we couldn't be more excited about this. Uh, it's one of the biggest things we've done in a really long time and, uh, maybe underappreciated, um, but it will soon be appreciated.

Michael Leskinen: If you want to geek out, this is Toby on statistics. We had 145 paying customers, 170 devices connected on the inaugural, and 145 gigabytes used on the flight, which is about 1,000 times more than a normal flight. That's cool.

Andrew Nocella: That's cool.

Michael Leskinen: For the nerds out there.

Operator: Our next question comes from the line of Michael Leskinen with Deutsche Bank. Please go ahead.

And if you want to geek out, this is Toby on that statistics: we had 145 paying customers, 170 devices connected on the inaugural flight, and 145 gigabytes used on the flight, which is about a thousand times more than a normal flight. But it's good for the nerds out there.

[Analyst 1]: Oh, yeah. Hey, good morning, everyone. Scott, I know this fourth quarter, I believe, you're going to be making a decision on the future shape and size of your wide-body fleet. I know historically, or at least the prevailing view has been that bringing on another airplane type, especially on the wide-body side, comes with various pain points. Can you just discuss some of the factors? How has that evolved, or is it still as prohibitively expensive to bring on an additional type? Just your thoughts around that. Thanks for taking my question.

Michael Leskinen: Hey, Mike. This is Mike. I'm going to take that question. You're right. We're always thinking about fleet decisions, and this fourth quarter is an important decision for us. There are complexity costs around having additional aircraft types. That is always true for United, given the nature of our hub network. That has not changed. The larger we grow and to the extent it's a larger subfleet, that gives us opportunity to mitigate. There are also different capabilities of different aircraft. You need different range, and you need different gauge. We're weighing those against one another, and we're weighing the price, and we're weighing the expected maintenance cost of the aircraft, and we're going to make the decision that optimizes profits for the long term for United. Stay tuned.

Our next question comes from the line of Mike linenberg with Deutsche Bank, please go ahead. Oh yeah. Hey, um, good morning everyone. Um, you know, Scott I know this fourth quarter, I believe, um, you're going to be making a decision on the future shape and size of your widebody Fleet um, and I know historically the or at least the prevailing view has been that bringing on another airplane type especially on the widebody side. You know, comes with, you know, various pain points, can you just discuss some of the factors like how has that evolved or or is it still as prohibitively expensive to to bring on an additional type? Just your thoughts around that? Thanks for taking my question. Hey Mike! This is Mike I'm going to take that question. Um uh you're right. We're always uh thinking about uh if weak decisions and and this fourth quarter is important decision for us.

Um, there are complexity costs around having additional aircraft uh types. Um, that is always true for United. Given the nature of our Hub Network that has not changed the larger we grow. And to the extent, It's a larger sub Fleet um, that gives us that gives us opportunity to mitigate. But there are also different, uh, capabilities of different aircraft and you need different range and you need different gauge. Um, and so we're weighing those against 1 another and we're weighing the price and we're weighing the expected maintenance cost of the aircraft. And we're going to make the decision that optimizes profits for the long term for United. So stay tuned.

Operator: Our next question comes from the line of Asabi Sites with Raymond James. Please go ahead.

Our next question comes from the line of Asabe Sites with Raymond James. Please go ahead.

[Analyst 5]: Hey, good morning. I was curious if you could remind us again how you're thinking about the fleet plan. It seems like you had a few more deliveries this year than you had initially planned. Airbus and Boeing getting their act together. Curious how you're thinking about kind of 2026 and how that progresses.

Michael Leskinen: Thanks, Abby. Look, Boeing is definitely getting their act together on the airbody side, and we're getting some additional deliveries versus what we had expected. I think that's going to continue in 2026 and maybe even 2027. On the wide-body front, we're still seeing some delays, although there's reason for some optimism on that front as well. To the extent that occurs, we'll see additional deliveries. That'll drive CapEx up in the short term, but the upgauging on the narrow-body side in particular, combined with the financing terms and our prices, it is margin accretive. It's pretty quickly, actually, even return on capital accretive. We're welcoming some faster deliveries of aircraft. As I talk about free cash conversion, you know, we run a whole multitude of scenarios, and I feel very good about expanding free cash conversion even with some growing CapEx.

Hey, good morning. Um, I was curious if you could remind us again, how you're thinking about the Sleep plan? Um, it seems like you had a few more deliveries this year than we had an additional plan. So Airbus and Boeing getting their act together. So curious about how you're thinking about kind of 2026 and and how that's progresses.

Thanks Abby. Um,

Look, uh, Bowen's definitely getting their act together on an air buddy side. And we're getting some additional deliveries versus what we had expected and I think that's going to continue in 26 and uh maybe even 27 on the widebody front, we're still seeing some delays. Although there's reason for some optimism on that front as well. Um, to the extent that occurs, we'll see additional deliveries that'll drive capex up in the short term. Um, but the, uh, updating on the narrow body side in particular, uh, combined with the financing terms and our prices, uh, it is margin of creative. It's pretty quickly actually even return on Capital accretive. And so we're welcoming welcoming some faster deliveries uh, of uh, delivery of aircraft. And as I talk about free cash conversion, you know, we run a whole multitude of scenarios and I feel very good about expanding free, cash, conversion, even with some growing capex,

Operator: Our next question will come from the line of Robbie Schenker with Morgan Stanley. Please go ahead.

Question, we'll come.

From the line of Robbie Chancre with Morgan Stanley. Please go ahead.

Andrew Nocella: Good. Thanks. Morning, everyone. Apologies if I missed this, but I think there hasn't been much talk of the

Operator: government shutdown so far. If you can just help quantify what you're seeing out there, what are some of the puts and takes in terms of the range of outcomes and whether that is your act of God, the $1 billion guidance of the quarter? Thank you.

Much talk of the government shutdown so far. If you can just help quantify, what you're seeing out there what are some of the puts and takes uh in terms of uh the range of outcomes and whether that is your act of God uh building your guidance of the quarter. Thank you.

Kristina Edwards: Okay, I'll try. First, the controllers, despite a lot of the press, the controllers are professionals. The vast majority of the controller workforce is showing up to business. We also have more communication and coordination at all levels with the FAA than I ever have seen in my entire career. The sum of those two means that the system is actually running well. We have our lowest cancellation rate in a decade for October, second best on-time performance. From a bookings perspective, the first couple of weeks, you know, there hasn't really been a measurable impact in the first couple of weeks of October. I think the longer this drags on, obviously, the risk will grow, on both of those points. I hope our politicians will figure out how to get in a room, compromise, and get something done.

Uh, okay, I'll try um, first, um, the uh controllers. Um, despite a lot of the press the controllers are professionals. Um, the vast majority of the controller Workforce is showing it to business. We also have more communication and coordination at all levels with the FAA than I ever have seen in my entire career. And the sum of those 2 means that the system is actually running. Well, we have our lowest cancellation rate, um, in the decade for October 2nd best on time performance from a booking perspective, the first couple of weeks, you know, there hasn't

really been a measurable impact in the first couple of weeks of October. Uh, though, I think the longer this drags on, obviously the risk will grow uh, on both of those points. So, I hope our politicians will figure out how to get in a room compromise and get something done.

Scott Kirby: Robbie, to your question of an act of God, I think we calibrated the range of earnings per share for Q4 with the government shutdown in mind. It's one act of God, not two acts of God, but we've got reasonable room there for continued government shutdown, but it's not infinite.

Robbie, do you question the act of God? Um, I think we calibrated the, uh, range of, uh, earnings per share for Q4 with, uh, the government shutdown in mind. Um, it's 1 act of God, not 2 acts of God. But, um, we've got, we've got reasonable room there, uh, for, um,

For continued, uh, continued government shutdown. But it's not, you know, it's not infinite.

Brett Hart: Our next question comes from the line of Brandon Owenski with Barclays. Please go ahead.

Andrew Nocella: Hey, good morning, everyone. I think I'm going to ask like a nerdy and geeky question of Andrew here. Speaking of brand loyal airlines versus commoditized low-cost carriers, I think from our perception, the booking window might actually be shorter at the lower end of the market, especially for like a Spirit right now. I guess, can you talk to, we're going to see another big chunk of capacity come out of the low end of the market here that's disclosed by them in their reorganization plan. How is that going to impact dynamics competitively, especially as we go through the fourth quarter here? I don't mean to make this a near-term question, but I guess any insights you can provide would be helpful.

Our next question comes from the line of Brandon Awky with Barkley's. Please go ahead.

Hey, good morning everyone. And I think I'm going to ask like a nerdy and geeky question of Andrew here. But speaking of brand oil, airlines versus commoditized low-cost carriers, I think from our perception, the booking window might actually be shorter at the lower end of the market, especially for like a Spirit right now.

So, I guess, can you talk to? We're going to see another big chunk of capacity come out of the loan into the market here. That's disclosed by them and their reorganization plan.

How's that going to impact Dynamics competitively, especially as we go through the fourth quarter here. I don't mean to make this a near-term question, but I, I guess any insights. You can provide would be helpful.

Operator: Sure, I'll give it a try. Clearly, future schedules have been recently loaded that are materially different than past schedules, and unprofitable capacity is leaving the system. Certain airlines definitely have a very close-in booking curve based on pricing and how they price relative to others, I suppose, is a macro-level thing I would say. Their booking curves are different than United's booking curve because we have a full range of customers and products and are flying all over the world. What it means for the future, look, as more and more unprofitable capacity comes out, we'll continue to adjust. I'll tell you, basic economy is an entry point. There's always going to be ultra-low-cost carriers in the marketplace. They may have different names over time, and we will always be competitive with them.

Operator: The one thing we do think is going to change is unprofitable fly-in is going to be diminishing because it just doesn't make sense in the long run, whether it be for United Airlines Holdings Inc. or any other carrier. We're going to make adjustments to Q3, as I reiterated earlier, and others will have to and are being forced to make adjustments. It's a really great setup as that unprofitable capacity and that commoditized capacity leaves the system and supply and demand rebalance. It's a great outlook.

Sure, I'll give it a try, you know, the clearly, um, future schedules have been recently loaded that are materially different than past schedules. Um, and unprofitable capacity is leaving the system. Um, you know, certain airlines definitely have a very close in Booking curve based on um, uh, you know, uh, pricing and how they price relative to others. I suppose is the macro level thing I would say, um, and they're booking curves, are different than United's booking curve because we have a full range of customers and products and, uh, flying all over the world. Uh, what it means for the future, uh, you know, is more and more unprofitable capacity comes out. We'll continue continue to adjust. Um, but you know, I'll tell you basically is an entry point. You know, there's always going to be ultra low cost carriers in the marketplace. They may have different names over over time, uh, and we will always be competitive with them. Uh, well, the 1 thing we do think is going to change is uh unprofitable flying. Uh is going to be uh, diminishing because it just doesn't

Doesn't make sense in the long run, whether it be for United or any other carrier. Um, you know, we're going to make adjustments to Q3 as I uh, reiterated earlier and I others will map to and are being forced to make adjustments. So it's a really great setup as that unprofitable capacity and that commoditized capacity leaves the system and supply and balance demand rebalance, uh it's a great Outlook.

Brett Hart: We will now switch to the media portion of the call. If you'd like to ask a question, please press star then one on your telephone keypad. Please limit yourself to one question. Please hold for a moment while we assemble our queue. Our first question will come from the line of Nouraj Choksky with The New York Times. Please go ahead.

We will now switch to the media portion of the call. If you'd like to ask a question, please press star, then 1 on your telephone keypad. Please limit yourself to 1 question please hold for a moment while we assemble. Our queue.

Our first question will come from the line of Mirage, Chosky with the New York Times. Please go ahead.

Michael Leskinen: Hey, thank you. I was just curious, you guys have talked about how premium demand will be resilient in a downturn. Can you just kind of talk through a little bit more about how that is, why you believe that?

Hey, thank you. Um, I was just curious. You guys have talked about how, you know, premium demand will, you know, be resilient in a downturn. Can you just kind of talk through a little bit more about, you know, how that is? Why you believe that?

Kristina Edwards: Sure. Actually, I call it brand loyal demand instead of premium demand to start with, because many of our brand loyal customers are flying in economy. They sometimes fly up front as well, but they often are flying in economy. That demand has been resilient, I think, is resilient. There are people that, in many cases, do have the incomes to continue traveling. Travel is high on the list of what people want to do, and most of those people do. Many of them are business travelers that are flying for business, and because you have higher share there, that's what really makes that resilient. If demand kind of bleeds off on the lower end when there's economic stress, there's more seats available on United Airlines for those brand loyal customers, and so it makes it resilient. You can see that in our results this year, I think.

Um, sure. Uh, you know, actually I call it brand loyal demand instead of premium demand to start with. Um, because many of our brand loyal customers are flying in economy. They sometimes fly up front as well, but they often are flying in economy, and um.

You know, 1, you know, in many cases do have the incomes to continue traveling, um, travel is high on the list of what people want to do, um, and, um, and most of those people do me. I'm a business Travelers, uh, that are flying for business, uh, and because you have higher, share their, uh, that's what really makes that resilient, you know. Um, if demand kind of bleeds off on the lower end, um, when there's economic stress, there's more seats available on United Airlines for those brand loyal customers. Um, and so it's, it makes it resilient. You can see that, you know, in our results this year. I think,

Brett Hart: Our next question comes from the line of Rajesh Singh with Reuters. Please go ahead.

Our next question comes from the line of Raj Singh with Reuters. Please go ahead.

[Analyst 1]: Hi, thanks for taking my question. Scott, I have a question on Russian overflights. United said this week that restrictions on flying over Russia mean you are effectively barred from flying directly to China from Chicago, Washington, or New York. United has called for expanding a proposed ban on Russian overflights to include Hong Kong. Should this ban be extended to other countries to bar their airlines from using Russian airspace for flights to the U.S.? The second part of my question is how much of a competitive disadvantage is it for U.S. airlines compared with other non-U.S. carriers that are currently using Russian airspace?

Hi. Thanks for taking my question. Uh, Scott, I have a question on Russian overflights. United, at this week that restrictions on flying over Russia, means it would effectively block flights from flying directly to China from Chicago, Washington, or New York. United has called for expanding a proposed ban on Russian overflights to include Hong Kong. Should this ban include other countries to bar their airlines from using Russian airspace for flights to the U.S.? And the second part of my question is: how much of a competitive disadvantage is it for U.S. airlines compared with other non-U.S. carriers that are currently using the Russian airspace?

Kristina Edwards: I'm going to focus on China. I absolutely think this is just a matter of basic fairness. The Russian government does not allow U.S. airlines to fly over Russia, and we are competing with Chinese airlines that are allowed to. By the way, a country that is supporting Russia in the Ukrainian war. You know, a perfect example is we used to fly from New York to Hong Kong, and we cannot do it now. We're competing with a Chinese airline that is allowed to fly from New York to Hong Kong. That just isn't right. That isn't fair. All we want is a level playing field tonight. I absolutely think we should get it. I really appreciate that this administration is looking at the issue and focusing on the issue and has started.

Some Aerospace.

Kristina Edwards: They've started with Beijing and Shanghai, and I hope they will continue the logical efforts and include, you know, the other large Chinese city, Hong Kong, in those efforts.

Well, I'm going to focus on China and I absolutely think this is just a matter of basic fairness. Um, the Russian government does not allow us Airlines to fly over Russia. Uh, and we are competing with Chinese airlines that are allowed to, um, by the way, the country that is supporting Russia in the Ukrainian War. Uh, and you know, perfect example is, we used to fly from New York to Hong Kong, uh, and we cannot do it now. Um, and we're competing with a Chinese airline that is allowed to fly from New York to Hong Kong and that just isn't right? That isn't fair. And all we want is a Level Playing Field and I absolutely think we should get it. And I really appreciate that this Administration, uh, is looking at the issue and focusing on the issue and it started, they started with Beijing and Shanghai. Uh, and I hope they will. Um, continue The Logical efforts and include, you know, the other large.

Chinese city Hong Kong, uh, in those efforts.

Brett Hart: Our next question comes from the line of Leslie Josephs with CNBC. Please go ahead.

Our next question comes from the line of Leslie Josephs with CNBC. Please go ahead.

[Analyst 2]: Hi, good morning. Thanks for taking my question. With the shutdown, is there a certain point that you think the airline could start feeling some of the impact? We heard from another airline that maybe if it went on for 10 days longer, which we're kind of in that territory now, that things could get a little bit more difficult. Is there any sort of cutoff that you see there? Second, there are a lot of other airlines, large and small, that are trying to go premium now. How successful do you think that can be? How long do you think it takes to, I guess, to go upscale in certain products?

Kristina Edwards: On the first question, the answer is we don't know. It was a little unprecedented, or at least it doesn't happen often, so you don't really know. I think that at least for the first couple of weeks, people thought it was going to get resolved, so they just kind of continued business as usual. As time goes on, as people read headlines that say it's not going to get resolved soon, people start to lose confidence in the government and the government's ability to resolve this. That's when it starts to impact books. I don't know when that happens. It's not some magic step function. Every day that goes by, the risk to the U.S. economy grows. I hope we will avoid an unforced error here. On the second question on other airlines, look, we've been doing the investment in the customer for a decade.

Hi, good morning. Thanks for taking my question. Um, with the shutdown, is there, a certain point that you think the airline could uh, start feeling some of the impact? We heard from another airline that, maybe? If it went on for 10 days, um, longer, which were kind of in that territory. Now, um, that things could get, uh, a little bit more difficult. Um, if there are, you know, any sort of cut off, uh, that you see there and then second, um, there are a lot of other airlines large and small that are trying to go premium. Now, um, how successful do you think that can be and how long do you think it? It takes to, uh, I guess to go upscale uh in certain products?

So, on the first question, the answer is we don't know. Um, you know, this is a little unprecedented, um, or at least it doesn't happen often so you don't really know. So I I I I I I I I think that um, you know, at least for the first couple of weeks, people thought it was going to get resolved. So they just kind of continued business as usual. Um, But as time goes on, as people read, headlines, that say, it's not going to get resolved soon. Um, people start to lose confidence and the government, and the government's ability to resolve this. Um, and that's when it starts to impact books. So I don't know when that happens. It's a, it's not some step magic step function, um, but every day that goes by, you know, the risk to the US economy grows. Um, so I hope we will avoid an unforced error here. Um, and the second question on,

On other airlines. Um,

Kristina Edwards: It is billions of dollars of CapEx and OpEx. There are two ways that you can get market, that you can get revenue improvements from the kinds of premium investments that people are making. One, you can get your own customer base to buy up to those products. Two, you can get market share shift. The other airlines, I think, will have some success in getting their own customers to pay more for some of their products. The biggest upside is getting market share shift. You're not going to get market share shift away from an airline that's been investing for a decade. Another airline getting a little bit better than they are today isn't going to come anywhere close to what United is.

Look, we've been doing the investment in the customer for a decade. It is a bill. It is billions of dollars of capex and opex. Um, there are two ways that you can get.

Market, you can get Revenue improvements from the kinds of Premium Investments. That people are making 1. You can get your own customer base, to buy up to those products 2, you can get market, share shift,

Kristina Edwards: A brand loyal customer is not going to say all of a sudden, you know, Airline X closed one of 100 points of gap between United and them, so I'm going to switch my loyalty. They're going to stick with United. I think they might have upside in their own customer base, but there's really not much upside in the market share shift part of it.

Airline getting a little bit better um, than they are today. Is it going to come nowhere? Close to what United is and a brand loyal. Customer is not going to say all of a sudden, you know, you know, Airline X, you know, closed 1 of 100 points of gap between United and them. So I'm going to switch my loyalty. Um, they're going to stick with United, so I think they might have upside in their own customer base, um, but there's really not much upside in the market share shift part of it.

Brett Hart: I will now turn the call back over to Kristina Edwards for closing comments.

I will now turn the call back.

[Analyst 3]: Thanks, Regina. Thanks for flying with us this season. We'll see you again next quarter. Please contact Investor and Media Relations if you have any further questions.

Thanks for flying with us this season. We'll see you again next quarter. Please contact investor immediate relations. If you have any further questions.

Brett Hart: Thank you. Ladies and gentlemen, this concludes today's conference. You may now disconnect.

Thank you, ladies and gentlemen. This concludes today's conference. You may now disconnect.