Q4 2025 Insteel Industries Inc Earnings Call

Speaker #1: Good morning, and thank you for attending the Insteel Industries 4th Quarter 2025 earnings call. My name is Brieke, and I will be your moderator for today.

Moderator: Good morning and thank you for attending the Insteel Industries Q3 2025 earnings call. My name is Breca and I will be your moderator for today. All lines will be muted during the presentation portion of the call, with an opportunity for questions and answers at the end. I would now like to pass the conference over to your host, Mr. Howard O. Woltz III, Chairman, President, and Chief Executive Officer at Insteel Industries. Thank you. You may proceed.

Speaker #1: All lines will be muted during the presentation portion of the call, with an opportunity for questions and answers at the end. I would now like to pass the conference over to your host, Mr. H.

Speaker #1: Woltz, Chairman, President, and Chief Executive Officer at Insteel Industries. Thank you. You may proceed.

Speaker #2: Thank you, Brieke. Thank you for your interest in Insteel, and welcome to our fourth quarter 2025 conference call, which will be conducted by Scott Jafroodi, our Vice President, CFO, and Treasurer, and me.

H.O. Woltz III: Thank you, Breca. Thank you for your interest in Insteel Industries and welcome to our Q4 2025 conference call, which will be conducted by Scot Jafroodi, our Vice President, CFO, and Treasurer, and me. Before we begin, let me remind you that some of the comments made in our presentation are considered to be forward-looking statements that are subject to various risks and uncertainties, which could cause actual results to differ materially from those projected. These risk factors are described in our periodic filings with the SEC. The upturn in business activity that we reported previously continued during our Q4 and our fiscal 2025 acquisitions performed well. While our ability to forecast future activity is limited, we see no evidence of a broad-based slowdown in our markets, although housing continues to lag significantly, as it has all year.

Speaker #2: Before we begin, let me remind you that some of our comments made in our presentation are considered to be forward-looking statements that are subject to various risks and uncertainties which could cause actual results to differ materially from those projected.

Speaker #2: These risk factors are described in our periodic filings with the SEC. The upturn in business activity that we reported previously continued during our Q4, and our fiscal 2025 acquisitions performed well.

Speaker #2: While our ability to forecast future activity is limited, we see no evidence of a broad-based slowdown in our markets, although housing continues to lag significantly as it has all year.

Speaker #2: While the ongoing recovery of our markets is real, we are aware of uncertainties created by the administration's trade policies and from the economic cycle.

H.O. Woltz III: While the ongoing recovery of our markets is real, we are aware of uncertainties created by the administration's trade policies and from the economic cycle. I'll turn the call over to Scot to comment on our financial results, and following Scot's comments, I'll pick the call back up to discuss our business outlook.

Speaker #2: I'll turn the call over to Scott to comment on our financial results and filing Scott's comments. I'll pick the call back up to discuss our business outlook.

Speaker #3: Thank you, H. And good morning to everyone joining us today. As noted in this morning's press release, we delivered a strong Q4 performance, supported by higher shipment volumes and a continued recovery in spreads between selling prices and raw material costs.

Scot Jafroodi: Thank you, Howard, and good morning to everyone joining us today. As noted in this morning's press release, we delivered a strong Q4 performance, supported by higher shipment volumes and a continued recovery in spreads between selling prices and raw material costs. Our net earnings rose to $14.6 million or $0.74 per diluted share, compared to $4.7 million or $0.24 per share during the same period last year. Quarterly shipments increased 9.8% year-over-year, driven by contributions from our recent acquisitions and stronger demand across non-residential construction markets. On a sequential basis, shipments declined 5.8% from the third quarter. Supply constraints for steel wire rod, which we discussed during our Q3 call, eased gradually during the quarter, allowing us to better align production with customer demand and begin reducing lead times as we close out the quarter.

Speaker #3: Our net earnings rose to $14.6 million, or 74 cents per diluted share, compared to $7.7 million, or 24 cents per share, during the same period last year.

Speaker #3: Quarterly shipments increased 9.8% year-over-year, driven by contributions from our recent acquisitions and stronger demand across non-residential construction markets. On a sequential basis, shipments declined 5.8% from the third quarter.

Speaker #3: Supply constraints for steel wire rod, which we discussed during our third quarter call, eased gradually during the quarter, allowing us to better align production with customer demand and begin reducing lead times as we closed out the quarter.

Speaker #3: That said, residential construction continues to be a headwind for volumes, with activity levels remaining subdued and has yet to show any meaningful signs of recovery.

Scot Jafroodi: That said, residential construction continues to be a headwind for volumes, with activity levels remaining subdued and have yet to show any meaningful signs of recovery. Average selling prices for the quarter rose 20.3% year-over-year and 4.7% sequentially from Q3, reflecting continued pricing momentum. As we discussed in our prior calls, the U.S. steel wire rod markets have remained tight through much of 2025, and the increase in Section 232 tariffs have added further upward pressure on raw material costs. As a result, wire rod prices have moved meaningfully higher since the start of the year. In response, we have implemented a series of price increases throughout fiscal 2025, including further adjustments at the beginning of Q4, to help offset these higher costs and support our margins. Gross profit for the quarter rose $16.3 million year-over-year to $28.6 million, with gross margin improving by 700 basis points to 16.1%.

Speaker #3: Average selling prices for the quarter rose 20.3% year-over-year and 4.7% sequentially from Q3, reflecting continued pricing momentum. As we discussed in our prior calls, the U.S. steel wire rod markets have remained tight through much of 2025, and the increase in Section 232 tariffs has added further upward pressure on raw material costs.

Speaker #3: As a result, wire rod prices have moved meaningfully higher since the start of the year. In response, we have implemented a series of price increases throughout fiscal 2025, including further adjustments at the beginning of the fourth quarter to help offset these higher costs and support our margins.

Speaker #3: Gross profit for the quarter rose $16.3 million year-over-year to $28.6 million, with gross margin improving by 700 basis points to 16.1%. The increase was largely attributed to wider spreads, as higher average selling prices more than offset the rise in raw material costs.

Scot Jafroodi: The increase was largely attributed to wider spreads, as higher average selling prices more than offset the rise in raw material costs. As we discussed on previous calls, our results typically benefit during periods of strong demand and increasing steel rod prices, both from the timely execution of price adjustments to recover higher replacement costs and from the flow-through effect of lower cost inventory under our first-in, first-out accounting method. On a sequential basis, gross profit fell $2.2 million from the third quarter and gross margin narrowed 100 basis points, reflecting lower shipments and a slight decline in spreads. SG&A expense for the quarter increased to $9.7 million or 5.5% of net sales, compared to $7.5 million or 5.6% of net sales in the prior year period.

Speaker #3: As we discussed on previous calls, our results typically benefit during periods of strong demand and increasing steel rod prices. This is due both to the timely execution of price adjustments to recover higher replacement costs and from the flow-through effect of lower-cost inventory under our first-in, first-out accounting method.

Speaker #3: On a sequential basis, gross profits fell $2.2 million from the third quarter, and gross margin narrowed to 100 basis points, reflecting lower shipments and a slight decline in spreads.

Speaker #3: SG&A expense for the quarter increased to $9.7 million, or 5.5% of net sales, compared to $7.5 million, or 5.6% of net sales in the prior year period.

Speaker #3: The year-over-year increase was driven primarily by a $1.3 million rise in compensation expense under our return on capital-based incentive plan, reflecting stronger financial performance in the current year.

Scot Jafroodi: The year-over-year increase was driven primarily by a $1.3 million rise in compensation expense under our return on capital at base incentive plan, reflecting stronger financial performance in the current year. We also recorded an additional $300,000 in amortization expense related to intangible assets from our recent acquisitions, along with a $200,000 unfavorable year-over-year swing in the cash render value of life insurance policies. Our effective tax rate for Q4 was 24.4%, up from 23% in the same period last year. The increase was mainly driven by changes in both tax differences and a true up of state apportionment percentages. For the full year, our effective tax rate was 23.8%. Looking ahead to next year, we expect our effective rate will run around 23.5%, subject to the level of pre-tax earnings and other tax-related assumptions and estimates that compose our tax provision calculation.

Speaker #3: We also recorded an additional $300,000 in amortization expense related to intangible assets from our recent acquisitions, along with a $200,000 unfavorable year-over-year swing in the cash-rented value of life insurance policies.

Speaker #3: Our effective tax rate for the fourth quarter was 24.4%, up from 23% in the same period last year. The increase was mainly driven by changes in both tax differences and a true-up of state apportionment percentages.

Speaker #3: For the full year, our effective tax rate was 23.8%. Looking at the next year, we expect our effective rate will run around 23.5%, subject to the level of pre-tax earnings and other tax-related assumptions and estimates that compose our tax revision calculation.

Speaker #3: Moving to the cash flow statement and balance sheet. Cash flow from operations used $17 million in the quarter, compared to providing $16.2 million last year.

Scot Jafroodi: Moving to the cash flow statement and balance sheet, cash flow from operations used $17 million in the quarter, compared to providing $16.2 million last year. Net working capital used $37.4 million in cash in the fourth quarter, primarily reflecting an $18.6 million increase in inventories and a $23.4 million decrease in accounts payable and accrued expenses. The increase in inventories was driven by the timing of raw material purchases and an increase in the average carrying value of inventory. The reduction in accounts payable and accrued expenses primarily reflects the timing of supplier payments. At the end of the quarter, our inventory position represented 3.5 months of shipments on a forward-looking basis, calculated off of our forecasted Q1 shipments, compared with 2.7 months at the end of the third quarter.

Speaker #3: Networking capital used $37.4 million in cash in the fourth quarter, primarily reflecting an $18.6 million increase in inventories and a $23.4 million decrease in accounts payable and accrued expenses.

Speaker #3: The increase in inventories was driven by the timing of raw material purchases and an increase in the average carrying value of inventory. The reduction in accounts payable and accrued expenses primarily reflected the timing of supplier payments.

Speaker #3: At the end of the quarter, our inventory position represented 3.5 months of shipments on a forward-looking basis, calculated off of our forecasted Q1 shipments, compared with 2.7 months at the end of the third quarter.

Speaker #3: As you may recall, inventories have fallen below desired levels in Q3 due to stronger shipment activity and limited wire rod availability from domestic suppliers.

Scot Jafroodi: As you may recall, inventories had fallen below desired levels in Q3 due to stronger shipment activity and limited wire rod availability from domestic suppliers. To address this, we supplemented supply in Q4 with offshore rod purchases, which allowed us to increase production and rebuild inventories. Looking ahead, we expect inventory to rise in the near term as additional import shipments are received before gradually normalizing as raw material purchasing volumes moderate in the coming months. Additionally, it's worth noting that our inventories at the end of the fourth quarter were valued at an average unit cost that was both higher than our beginning inventory balance and our Q4 cost of sales. As such, we could experience a margin compression during the first quarter as the higher cost of materials consumed, depending on our ability to push through additional price increases.

Speaker #3: To address this, we supplemented supply in Q4 with offshore rod purchases, which allowed us to increase production and rebuild inventories. Looking ahead, we expect inventory to rise in the near term as additional import shipments are received, before gradually normalizing as raw material purchasing volumes moderate in the coming months.

Speaker #3: Additionally, it's worth noting that our inventories at the end of the fourth quarter were valued at an average unit cost that was both higher than our beginning inventory balance and our Q4 cost of sales.

Speaker #3: As such, we could experience margin compression during the first quarter due to the higher cost of materials consumed. Depending on our ability to implement additional price increases, we incurred $1.7 million in capital expenditures in the fourth quarter, for a total of $8.2 million for the year, which is down $10.9 million from last year.

Scot Jafroodi: We incurred $1.7 million in capital expenditures in the fourth quarter for a total of $8.2 million for the year, which is down $10.9 million from last year. Looking ahead to fiscal 2026, we expect capital expenditures to total $20 million. Howard will provide more detail on this topic in his remarks. In addition to our ongoing investments in the business, our financial strength has enabled us to continue returning capital to shareholders. In fiscal 2025, we returned $24 million through a combination of dividends and share repurchases. This included a $1 per share special cash dividend and four regular quarterly dividends, marking the eighth year out of the last 10 that we have paid a special dividend. We also repurchased approximately 76,000 shares of our common stock during fiscal 2025, representing $2.3 million under our share buyback program.

Speaker #3: Looking ahead to fiscal 2026, we expect capital expenditures to total $20 million, aimed to provide more detail on this topic in his remarks. In addition to our ongoing investments in the business, our financial strength has enabled us to continue returning capital to shareholders.

Speaker #3: In fiscal 2025, we returned $24 million through a combination of dividends and share repurchases. This included a $1 per share special cash dividend and four regularly scheduled quarterly dividends, marking the eighth year out of the last ten that we have paid a special dividend.

Speaker #3: We also repurchased approximately 76,000 shares of our common stock during fiscal 2025, representing 2.3 million shares under our share buyback program. From a liquidity perspective, we ended the quarter with $38.6 million in cash on hand and were debt-free, with no borrowings outstanding on our $100 million revolving credit facility.

Scot Jafroodi: From a liquidity perspective, we ended the quarter with $38.6 million cash on hand and were debt-free with no borrowing left standing on our $100 million revolving credit facility. Going forward, our capital deployment strategy will remain focused on three objectives: one, reinvesting in the business to drive growth and to improve our cost and productivity; two, maintaining the appropriate financial strength and flexibility; and three, returning capital to shareholders in a disciplined manner. Looking at the broader economic picture as we enter fiscal 2026, conditions remain mixed. Raw material availability has improved and demand across most non-residential markets is generally strong, though residential construction continues to lag. At the same time, macroeconomic uncertainty remains, and while potential rate cuts from the Federal Reserve could provide some support, we're approaching the year cautiously. On the demand side, we continue to monitor leading measures of non-residential construction activity.

Speaker #3: Going forward, our capital deployment strategy will remain focused on three objectives. One, reinvesting in the business to drive growth and to improve our cost and productivity.

Speaker #3: Two, maintaining the appropriate financial strength and flexibility; and three, returning capital to shareholders in a disciplined manner. Looking at the broader economic picture as we enter fiscal 2026, conditions remain mixed.

Speaker #3: Raw material availability has improved, and demand across most non-residential markets is generally strong, though residential construction continues to lag. At the same time, macroeconomic uncertainty remains, and while potential rate cuts from the Federal Reserve could provide some support, we're approaching the year cautiously.

Speaker #3: Under demand side, we continue to monitor leading measures of non-residential construction activity. In August, the Architectural Billings Index rose slightly to 47.2 from 46.2 in July, but remained below the 50 threshold signaling growth.

Scot Jafroodi: In August, the architectural billing index rose slightly to 47.2 from 46.2 in July, but remained below the 50 threshold signaling growth. Although fewer architectural firms reported declining billings compared to the prior month, the overall trend continues to point downward. Meanwhile, the Dodge Amendment Index showed continued strength in a healthy project pipeline, rising 3.4% in September and now up 33% year to date, driven by strong commercial construction planning activity, particularly in the data center development. In contrast, U.S. cement shipments and other proxies for construction activity declined 2.2% year-over-year in June and are down 5.3% year to date, reflecting some underlying softness in the sector. Finally, the most recent available construction spending data from the U.S. Department of Commerce shows that through July, total spending on a seasonally adjusted basis was down about 3% from last year.

Speaker #3: Although fewer architectural firms reported a decline in buildings compared to the prior month, the overall trend continues to point downward. Meanwhile, the Dodge Amendment Index showed continued strength and a healthy project pipeline, rising 3.4% in September and now up 33% year to date driven by strong commercial construction planning activity, particularly in the data center development.

Speaker #3: In contrast, US cement shipments and other proxies for construction activity declined 2.2% year-over-year in June and are down 5.3% year to date, reflecting some underlying softness in the sector.

Speaker #3: Finally, the most recent available construction spending data from the U.S. Department of Commerce shows that, through July, total spending on a seasonally adjusted basis was down about 3% from last year. Non-residential construction held relatively steady, while public highway and street construction, one of our major end markets, was essentially flat compared to a year ago.

Scot Jafroodi: Non-residential construction held relatively steady, while public highway and street construction, one of our major end markets, was essentially flat compared to a year ago. Even with a mixed demand backdrop, we're entering fiscal 2026 with solid momentum. The actions we took during the past year, including completing two acquisitions, consolidating our welded wire operations, and maintaining pricing discipline, have strengthened our position and improved our ability to adapt to changing market conditions. While we remain mindful of broader economic uncertainty, our focus on serving customers and executing on our key priorities give us confidence in our ability to manage near-term challenges and continue building long-term value for our shareholders. This concludes my prepared remarks. I'll now turn the call back over to Howard.

Speaker #3: Even with a mixed demand backdrop, we're entering fiscal 2026 with solid momentums. The actions we took during the past year, including completing two acquisitions, consolidating our World of Wire operations, and maintaining pricing discipline have strengthened our position and improved our ability to adapt to changing market conditions while we remain mindful of broader economic uncertainty, our focus on serving customers and executing on our key priorities gives us confidence in our ability to manage near-term challenges and continue building long-term value for our shareholders.

Speaker #3: This concludes my prepared remarks, and I'll now turn the call back over to H. Thank you, Scott. We

H.O. Woltz III: Thank you, Scot. We noted a substantial acceleration of demand for concrete reinforcing products early in fiscal 2025 and commented that we expected the demand recovery to continue through the fiscal year. We're glad to confirm that the positive trend continued through our fourth fiscal quarter, giving us confidence that we should perform well for the balance of the calendar year. The accelerated pace of business we experienced over the past few months is not reflected in the broader macroeconomic indicators that are generally used to measure the strength of the construction industry, but the demand recovery is nonetheless real. The confidence level of most customers and interactions between our salespeople and customers leads us to believe business conditions should remain reasonably robust into calendar 2026. As most of the people on this call are aware, housing is not a major driver of demand for Insteel Industries.

Speaker #2: noted a substantial acceleration of demand for concrete reinforcing products early in fiscal 2025, and commented that we expected the demand recovery to continue through the fiscal year.

Speaker #2: We're glad to confirm that positive trend continued through our fourth fiscal quarter, giving us confidence that we should perform well for the balance of the calendar year.

Speaker #2: The accelerated pace of business we experienced over the past few months is not reflected in the broader macroeconomic indicators, that are generally to measure the strength of the construction industry.

Speaker #2: But the demand recovery is, nonetheless, real. The confidence level of most customers and interactions between our salespeople and customers leads us to believe business conditions should remain reasonably robust into calendar 2026.

Speaker #2: As most people on this call are aware, housing is not a major driver of demand for Insteel. We estimate that about 15% of our revenues are derived directly from housing construction, with standard World of Wire reinforcement and PC strand intended for slab-on-grade potential applications being the product line's most affected by the sector.

H.O. Woltz III: We estimate that about 15% of our revenues are derived directly from housing construction, with standard welded wire reinforcement and PC strand intended for slab-on-grade post-tension applications being the product lines most affected by this sector. Demand for new housing continues to be weak, and inventory of both materials and finished housing units is too high. With respect to finished housing units, we hear from customers that builders are experiencing the affordability problem created by higher material prices and interest rates that we've all read about, and that they are de-risking their businesses by reducing inventories. We hear that this process, which has been underway for quite a while, may run its course by the first of the year when volume begins to recover to more normal levels. Over the past several months, we have spent substantial time and resources understanding the administration's tariff plan.

Speaker #2: Demand for new housing continues to be weak, and inventory of both materials and finished housing units is too high. With respect to finished housing units, we hear from customers that builders are experiencing the affordability problem created by higher material prices and interest rates, which we've already read about. They are de-risking their businesses by reducing inventories.

Speaker #2: We hear that this process, which has been underway for quite a while, may run its course by the first of the year, when volume begins to recover to more normal levels.

Speaker #2: Over the past several months, we have spent substantial time and resources understanding the administration's tariff plan. As with any conversation about tariffs, we can speak about what we know now, which may or may not be true tomorrow.

H.O. Woltz III: As with any conversation about tariffs, we can speak about what we know now, which may or may not be true tomorrow. As of now, we are affected by tariffs in two ways. First, the most significant tariff exposure we have is the Section 232 tariff on steel and aluminum, which is 50% of the value on all raw material imports purchased by Insteel Industries. As a point of interest, the 50% Section 232 tariff also is applied to imports of PC strand under the derivative products provision. The 232 tariff has caused domestic steel prices to rise to levels that reflect the 50% tariff on imports, and predictably, imports have declined precipitously. This is particularly notable in the hot roll of wire rod segment of the steel industry, as it has been recently undersupplied domestically, making imports necessary for Insteel and other consumers.

Speaker #2: But as of now, we are affected by tariffs in two ways. First, the most significant tariff exposure we have is the Section 232 tariff on steel and aluminum, which is 50% of the value on all raw material imports purchased by Insteel.

Speaker #2: As a point of interest, the 50% Section 232 tariff also is applied to imports of PC strand under the derivative products provision. The 232 tariff has caused domestic steel prices to rise to levels that reflect the 50% tariff on imports and predictably imports have declined precipitously.

Speaker #2: This is particularly notable in the hot roll of wire rod segment of the steel industry as it has been recently undersupplied domestically, making imports necessary for Insteel and other consumers.

Speaker #2: The increase in our net working capital for Q4 is largely attributable to imports of wire rod that were delivered during Q4, and additional quantities will be delivered in Q1 2026.

H.O. Woltz III: The increase in our networking capital for Q4 is largely attributable to imports of wire rod that were delivered during Q4, and additional quantities will be delivered in Q1 2026. These purchases were made because domestic sources could not or would not provide assurances that our needs would be covered and their price competitively after giving effect to the Section 232 tariff. You may recall last quarter we expressed concern that the administration's proclamation doubling the Section 232 tariff to 50% may have diluted the effectiveness of the tariff with respect to imports of PC strand. Up to this point, we do not believe this has occurred, although we are requesting that the administration clarify its expectation that the tariff is to be applied to the full customs value of imported PC strand.

Speaker #2: These purchases were made because domestic sources could not or would not provide assurances that our needs would be covered and their price competitively after giving effect to the Section 232 tariff.

Speaker #2: You may recall last quarter, we expressed concern that the administration's proclamation doubling the Section 232 tariff to 50% may have diluted the effectiveness of the tariff, with respect to imports of PC strand.

Speaker #2: Up to this point, we do not believe this has occurred. However, we are requesting that the administration clarifies its expectation that the tariff is to be applied to the full customs value of imported PC strand.

Speaker #2: Because Department of Commerce statistics are offline during the government shutdown, we are unable to monitor the collection of tariffs applied to PC strand imports. However, we will be active again as soon as services are restored.

H.O. Woltz III: Because the Department of Commerce statistics are offline during the government shutdown, we're unable to monitor the collection of tariffs applied to PC strand imports, but we will be active again as soon as services are restored. The second way we're affected by the administration's tariff policy is through our purchases of any imported goods that are subject to reciprocal tariffs in addition to Section 232 tariffs on steel and aluminum. Practically all of our production equipment is imported, and purchases of spare parts, which are not discretionary, are subject to Section 232 and reciprocal tariffs. The administration of the tariff regime largely falls on our suppliers, who must sort through the exposure to Section 232 and reciprocal tariffs for each part shipped to the U.S.

Speaker #2: The second way we're affected by the administration's tariff policy is through our purchases of any imported goods that are subject to reciprocal tariffs in addition to Section 232 tariffs on steel and aluminum.

Speaker #2: Practically all of our production equipment is imported, and purchases of spare parts, which are not discretionary, are subject to Section 232 and reciprocal tariffs.

Speaker #2: Administration of the tariff regime largely falls on our suppliers, who must sort through the exposure to Section 232 and reciprocal tariffs for each part shipped to the U.S.

Speaker #2: I want to reiterate that only about 10% of Insteel's revenue base is directly affected by imports, and therefore potentially subject to unintended consequences of the administration's tariff policy.

H.O. Woltz III: I want to reiterate that only about 10% of Insteel's revenue base is directly affected by imports and therefore potentially subject to unintended consequences of the administration's tariff policy. This is not coincidental, as we've recognized the futility of competing in markets where imports constitute a major source of competition. Moving to acquisition activity, we continue to be pleased with the operation and results of our Upper Sandusky, Ohio facility that was acquired during Q1. Our Texas acquisition, while considerably smaller, has also yielded the expected benefits. While improvements are ongoing, we consider the integration of these operations to be complete and successful. Turning to CapEx, as mentioned in the release, we expect to invest approximately $20 million in our plants and information systems infrastructure during 2026.

Speaker #2: This is not coincidental, as we've recognized the futility of competing in markets where imports constitute a major source of competition. Moving to acquisition activity, we continue to be pleased with the operation and results of our Upper Sandusky, Ohio facility that was acquired during Q1.

Speaker #2: Our Texas acquisition, while considerably smaller, has also yielded the expected benefits. While improvements are ongoing, we consider the integration of these operations to be complete and successful.

Speaker #2: Turning to CapEx, as mentioned in the release, we expect to invest approximately $20 million in our plants and information systems infrastructure during 2026. You can expect our investments to broaden our product offering, reduce our cash production costs, and enhance the robust nature of our information systems.

H.O. Woltz III: You can expect our investments to broaden our product offering, reduce our cash production costs, and enhance the robust nature of our information systems. Consistent with past practice, we will provide quarterly updates on our investment activities and expectations as the year progresses. Looking ahead, we're aware of the substantial risk related to the administration's tariff policies and the future performance of the U.S. economy. Regardless of developments in these areas, we are well positioned to pursue actions to maximize shipments and optimize our costs and pursue attractive growth opportunities, both organic and through acquisition. This concludes our prepared remarks and will now take your questions. Breca, would you please explain the procedure for asking questions?

Speaker #2: Consistent with past practice, we will provide quarterly updates on our investment activities and expectations as the year progresses. Looking ahead, we're aware of the substantial risk related to the administration's tariff policies and the future performance of the U.S. economy.

Speaker #2: Regardless of developments in these areas, we are well positioned to pursue actions to maximize shipments and optimize our costs and pursue attractive growth opportunities both organic and through acquisition.

Speaker #2: This concludes our prepared remarks and will now take your questions. Brieke, would you please explain the procedure for asking questions?

Speaker #1: Of course. We will now begin the question-and-answer session. If you would like to ask a question, please press star followed by the number one on your telephone keypad.

Moderator: Of course. We will now begin the question and answer session. If you would like to ask a question, please press star followed by the number one on your telephone keypad. If for any reason you would like to remove that question, please press star followed by the number two. Again, to ask a question, please press star and the number one. As a reminder, if you are using a speakerphone, please remember to pick up your handset before asking your question. The first question we have comes from Julio Romero with Sidoti & Company. Your line is open.

Speaker #1: If for any reason you would like to remove that question, please press star followed by the number two. And again, to ask a question, please press star and the number one.

Speaker #1: And as a reminder, if you are using a speakerphone, please remember to pick up your handset before asking a question. The first question we have comes from Giulio Romero with Sidoti & Co.

Speaker #1: Your line is open.

Speaker #4: Thanks. Hey, good morning, H and Scott. Let's start.

Julio Romero: Thanks. Good morning, Howard and Scot. We wanted to start on demand. Good morning, guys. To start on demand, it sounds like the confidence level of customers continues to be positive. In the last quarter you mentioned your view that data center construction and, you know, infrastructure projects were kind of filling the gap from commercial and residential. Does that still stand the same today? Is there any incremental kind of data points or anecdotal points that have materialized since the last quarter that can better support that view?

Speaker #2: Good morning.

Speaker #4: on demand. Hey, good morning, guys. To start on demand, it sounds like the confidence level of customers continues to be positive. And then the last quarter, you mentioned your view that data center construction and infrastructure projects were kind of filling the gap from commercial and residential.

Speaker #4: Does that still stand the same today? And are there any incremental data points or anecdotal points that have materialized since the last quarter that can better support that view?

Speaker #2: Well, I think it continues to be the fact that the data center construction is filling a hole that has existed in other markets. But consistent with what we've said for many quarters, our view is not several months long.

H.O. Woltz III: I think it continues to be the fact that the data center construction is filling a hole that has existed in other markets. Consistent with what we've said for many quarters, our view is not several months long. It's only several weeks long. We see the activity out there. We think it will continue, but our lead times remain compressed just by the nature of the industry.

Speaker #2: It's only several weeks long, so we see the activity out there. We think it will continue, but our lead times remain compressed just by the nature of the industry.

Speaker #4: Okay, got it. That's helpful. And on the raw material front, it sounds like the end of the quarter would be three and a half months of shipments of inventory.

Julio Romero: Okay. Got it. That's helpful. On the raw material front, it sounds like the end of the quarter with three and a half months of shipments of inventory. How would you describe the current supply of raw material? Would you describe it as normalized at this point, or is there still improvement to come?

Speaker #4: How would you describe the current supply of raw material? Would you describe it as normalized at this point, or is there still improvement to come?

Speaker #2: Well, I mean, the first thing we want to do, Julio, is operate our plants effectively. And during our fourth quarter, particularly at the beginning of our fourth quarter, we were unable to do that because of supply constraints.

H.O. Woltz III: The first thing we want to do, Julio, is operate our plants effectively. During our fourth quarter, particularly at the beginning of our fourth quarter, we were unable to do that because of supply constraints. The quantities that we imported, we imported for a distinct reason, for distinct applications and at plants that were deficient in domestic supply. We're not surprised at all by where we stand, and we're not disappointed by where we stand, that we have what we need. The import market has changed somewhere, whereas we used to be able to buy 3,000 or 4,000 tons at a time. Those quantities have moved up just based on the origin and shipping costs that are associated with imports. All things considered, we're exactly where we thought we would be.

Speaker #2: So the quantities that we imported, we imported for a distinct reason: for distinct applications and at plants that were deficient in domestic supply.

Speaker #2: And so we're not surprised at all by where we stand. And we're not disappointed by where we stand. That we have what we need, and the market the import market has changed some whereas we used to be able to buy 3,000 or 4,000 tons at a time.

Speaker #2: Those quantities have moved up just based on the origin and shipping costs that are associated with imports. So, all things considered, we're exactly where we thought we would be.

Speaker #4: Okay, got it. And you know within a year or under your belt for the engineered wire products deal, I believe this month, you know any way you could have us think about the year one contribution from EWP, whether it's on an earnings or margin or mix basis? And then secondly, H, as you mentioned in the past, that acquisitions are made not really for year one but with the longer term in mind, do you feel like the true synergies from EWP are still to come?

Julio Romero: Okay. Got it. With a year under your belt for the Engineered Wire Products deal, I believe this month, any way you could have us think about the year-one contribution from EWP, whether it's on an earnings or margin or mix basis. Secondly, Howard, as you've mentioned in the past, that acquisitions are made not really for year one, but with the longer term in mind, do you feel like the true synergies from EWP are still to come?

Speaker #2: Well, we can't really calculate the exact impact of EWP at the Upper Sandusky site itself. And that's because a considerable amount of the output from Upper Sandusky has been moved to other Insteel production facilities that are better located to customers and suppliers than Upper Sandusky.

H.O. Woltz III: We can't really calculate the exact impact of EWP at the Upper Sandusky site itself. That's because a considerable amount of the output of Upper Sandusky has been moved to other Insteel production facilities that are better located to customers and suppliers than Upper Sandusky. That said, the financial performance of Upper Sandusky has been solid and exactly where we thought it would be. It has a very attractive product mix. It's a very effective manufacturer, and we're pleased as punch with that transaction.

Speaker #2: With that said, the financial performance of Upper Sandusky has been solid and exactly where we thought it would be. It has a very attractive product mix.

Speaker #2: It's a very effective manufacturer, and we're pleased as punch with that transaction.

Speaker #4: Very helpful. Last one, and I'll pass that on after this: you mentioned residential still remains soft, and I think historically you've described it as comprising around the 15% of sales range.

Julio Romero: Very helpful. Last one, I'll pass that on after this. You mentioned residential still remains soft. I think historically, you've described it as comprising around the 15% of sales range, but you've acquired EWP, and it's obviously made up less of a portion of sales. I guess just if you could give us a sense of where that stands as a percentage of your mix.

Speaker #4: But you've acquired EWP, and it's obviously made up less of a of a portion of sales. I guess just if you could give us a sense of where that stands as a as a percentage of your mix.

Speaker #2: Yeah. But keep in mind that it's really difficult for us to pinpoint the exact end markets that our products go into. And if you look back at my comment a few minutes ago, I referred to the direct impact of housing on our business.

H.O. Woltz III: Yeah. Keep in mind that it's really difficult for us to pinpoint the exact end markets that our products go into. If you'll look back at my comment a few minutes ago, I referred to the direct impact of housing on our business. The indirect impact is infrastructure that goes into housing developments, streets, sanitary sewers, and storm sewers. When our customers ship a joint of concrete pipe or a box culvert out, they don't necessarily know exactly what that application is. If it goes into infrastructure in a development, the way that we look at it, it's not a direct housing application. It's more of an infrastructure application. It's really difficult to pinpoint the end use.

Speaker #2: The indirect impact is infrastructure that goes into housing developments, streets, sanitary sewers, and storm sewers. So when our customers ship a joint of concrete pipe or a box culvert, they don't necessarily know exactly what that application is.

Speaker #2: And if it goes into infrastructure, in a development, the way that we look at it, it's not a direct housing application. It's more of an infrastructure application.

Speaker #2: So it's really difficult to pinpoint the end use.

Speaker #4: Very good. I'll leave it there. Thanks very much.

Julio Romero: Very good. I'll leave it there. Thanks very much.

Speaker #2: Thank you.

H.O. Woltz III: Thank you.

Speaker #1: Just as a quick reminder, it's star followed by one. If you would like to register for a question, and we now have a question from Tyson Bauer, with KC Capital.

Moderator: Just as a quick reminder, it's star followed by one if you would like to register for a question, and we now have a question from Tyson Bauer with KC Capital, please go ahead.

Speaker #1: Please go ahead.

Speaker #5: Good morning, gentlemen.

[Analyst]: Good morning, gentlemen.

Speaker #2: Good morning, Tyson.

H.O. Woltz III: Good morning.

Speaker #5: I'm just going to follow up on that last question. In general, with your comments on demand for '26, and obviously that's for fiscal '26, it sounds like you're not baking in any real meaningful recovery in residential.

[Analyst]: I'm just going to follow up on that last question. In general, with your comments on demand for 2026, and obviously, that's for fiscal 2026, it sounds like you're not baking in any real meaningful recovery in residential. You're treating that as something that is a wait-and-see portion of your end markets. You're looking at strength in demand in other areas in the non-residential really being the lead dog here. Residential, you're just going to wait until you actually see some evidence of any kind of recovery.

Speaker #5: You're treating that as something that is a wait-and-see portion of your end markets. You're looking at strength in demand and other areas in non-residential really being the lead dog here.

Speaker #5: And residential, you're just going to wait until you actually see some evidence of any kind of recovery.

Speaker #2: Yeah. I mean, I think non-residential is always the lead dog for Insteel. And we know what our customers tell us about residential demand and applications.

H.O. Woltz III: I think non-residential is always the lead dog for Insteel. We know what our customers tell us about residential demand and applications. I think there's some thought that the inventory issues will have run their course through the end of the calendar year. Therefore, we should see improved residential demand. As we've said on multiple occasions, we really don't see out very far. We're not banking on a huge housing recovery in 2026.

Speaker #2: And I think there's some thought that the inventory issues will have run their course through the end of the calendar year, and therefore we should see improved residential demand.

Speaker #2: But as we've said on multiple occasions, we really don't see out very far. So, yeah, we're not banking on a huge housing recovery in 2026.

Speaker #5: Right. Okay. In regard to inventory carry strategy, given the current environment in domestic supply issues, should we continue to see a heavier carry or elevated levels in that inventory?

[Analyst]: Right. Okay. In regards to the inventory carry strategy, given the current environment and domestic supply issues, should we continue to see a heavier carry or elevated levels in that inventory? If so, will that then increase the variability of your margins given the FIFO accounting? We could see some more quarter-to-quarter variability.

Speaker #5: And if so, will that then increase the variability of your margins given the FIFO accounting? We could see some more quarter-to-quarter variability.

Speaker #2: I think through our second quarter, inventories will be somewhat elevated relative to where they might be if we were acquiring raw materials domestically to a larger extent.

H.O. Woltz III: I think through our second quarter, inventories will be somewhat elevated relative to where they might be if we were acquiring raw materials domestically to a larger extent, but probably no higher than they are now. Here's the other thing about imports. Of course, we acquired, we offshore products at a known cost. Nobody knows what the cost domestically is going to be. I think there is a benefit from just a pricing point of view of knowing what the price is going to be in those out months. All things considered, we're not at all displeased with where we are or where we think we're going to be with respect to our sourcing activities and the cost of our raw materials.

Speaker #2: But probably no higher than they are now. So, and here's the other thing about imports: of course, we acquired the offshore products at a known cost.

Speaker #2: Nobody knows what the cost domestically is going to be. So I think there is a benefit from just a pricing point of view of knowing what the price is going to be in those out months.

Speaker #2: So, all things considered, we're not at all displeased with where we are or where we think we're going to be with respect to our sourcing activities and the cost of our raw materials.

Speaker #5: Does that actually make your pricing strategy a little I don't want to say easier, but a little more you know what you need to hit given that certainty on the inventory side?

[Analyst]: Does that actually make your pricing strategy a little, I don't want to say easier, but a little more, you know what you need to hit, given that certainty on the inventory side? As we go into some of these seasonally weaker quarters, pushing through those price increases, it can be a challenge.

Speaker #5: Or, as we go into some of these seasonally weaker quarters, pushing through those price increases can be a challenge.

Speaker #2: Yeah. I mean, I would say the answer to that is all of the above. In certain of our markets, the price will move as the price moves.

H.O. Woltz III: Yeah. I would say the answer to that is all the above. In certain of our markets, the price will move as the price moves, irrespective of what happens in the raw material markets. In other project-related businesses where we have to give a price for a project that is some months out, the import pricing is actually a huge advantage for us. It's a mixed bag. Keep in mind, the underlying reason that we went to the offshore markets was the inability to assure that we had availability domestically. That's it.

Speaker #2: Irrespective of what happens in the raw material markets, in other project-related business where we have to give a price for a project that is some months out, the import pricing is actually a huge advantage for us.

Speaker #2: So it's a mixed bag. But keep in mind the underlying reason that we went to the offshore markets was the inability to assure that we had availability domestically, and that's it.

Speaker #5: And in this fourth quarter, when we look at that shipment volume sequentially and the 5.8% decline, it doesn't sound like demand was the issue for you at all.

[Analyst]: In this fourth quarter, when we look at that shipment volume sequentially and the 5.8% decline, it doesn't sound like demand was the issue for you at all. Was a lot of that just based upon production supply issues and not being able to run efficiently and meet timelines on shipments? How much of the quarter and the shipment decline was really related to the production issue side as opposed to demand?

Speaker #5: Was a lot of that just based upon production supply issues and not being able to run efficiently and meet timelines on shipments? So, how much of the quarter and the shipment decline was really related to the production issue side as opposed to demand?

Speaker #2: I can't tell you how much, but the answer to your question is yes. Early in the quarter, we were operating short weeks at plants that were unable to get adequate quantities of raw materials.

H.O. Woltz III: I can't tell you how much, but the answer to your question is yes. Early in the quarter, we were operating short weeks at plants that were unable to get adequate quantities of raw materials.

Speaker #5: And that situation has been resolved as we've entered into the current quarter?

[Analyst]: Has that situation been resolved as we've entered into the current quarter?

Speaker #2: Oh, yes. Both domestically, there's additional production as compared to our third quarter. And we took action offshore, as we've talked about extensively.

H.O. Woltz III: Oh, yes. Both domestically, there's additional production as compared to our third quarter, and we took action offshore as we've talked about extensively.

Speaker #5: Okay. And the last question for me: you talked about you don't know exactly what your products are used for as far as the final destination.

[Analyst]: Okay. The last question for me, you talked about you don't know exactly what your products are used for as far as the final destination. We kind of were able to derive that when distribution centers were the hot item a few years back, that was tilt-up kind of construction. You kind of had an idea based on what the specs and what you were shipping out. Do you have that ability to have some kind of inference on what goes into data centers? Is that a tilt-up type construction? Is it other that's more specific? Any clarity on that side that you kind of have an idea of where or how much that is helping?

Speaker #5: We kind of were able to derive that one distribution center's where the hot item a few years back. That was tilt-up kind of construction.

Speaker #5: So, you kind of had an idea based on what the specs and what you were shipping out. Do you have that ability to have some kind of inference on what goes into data centers?

Speaker #5: Is that a tilt-up type construction? Is it something that's more specific? Any clarity on that side that you kind of have an idea of where or how much that is helping?

Speaker #2: Yes, we know. I mean, certainly we know when demand is project-related; we can pinpoint it. When demand is more generic in nature, we can't necessarily pinpoint the end use.

H.O. Woltz III: Yes, we know. Certainly, we know when demand is project-related, we can pinpoint it. When demand is more generic in nature, we can't necessarily pinpoint the end use. The data center construction has been important to the company and will continue to be. Probably more than just data center, our venture into the whole world of cast-in-place applications for our product is interesting and will be a source of growth for us. It's not a segment of our business that we plan to disclose details on.

Speaker #2: But the data center construction has been important to the company and will continue to be. And probably more than just data center that our venture into the whole world of cast-in-place applications for our product is interesting and will be a source of growth for us.

Speaker #2: But it's not a segment of our business that we plan to disclose details on.

Speaker #5: Okay. Thank you.

[Analyst]: Okay, thank you.

Speaker #1: Thank you. That is a star followed by one. To ask any further questions, we now have a follow-up from Julio Romero with Sidoti & Co.

Moderator: Thank you. That is star followed by one to ask any further questions. We now have a follow-up from Julio Romero with Sidoti & Company.

Speaker #4: Hey, thanks for taking the follow-ups. Could you guys just maybe speak a little more to demand from a geographic standpoint? You know, what areas are you seeing demand strength compared to three months ago, and what areas maybe relatively weaker?

Julio Romero: Hey, thanks. Thanks for taking the follow-ups. Could you guys just maybe speak a little more to demand from a geographic standpoint? You know, what areas are you seeing demand strength compared to three months ago, and what areas may be relatively weaker?

Speaker #2: I don't know that there are any geographic trends that jump out at us. The legacy business of our supplying pre-casters is pretty steady over the entire country.

H.O. Woltz III: I don't know that there are any geographic trends that jump out at us. The legacy business of our supplying precasters is pretty steady over the entire country. The cast-in-place business that we do is so project-oriented that it could be in Miami today and Las Vegas tomorrow. It's not dominated by any one geographic region. Neither of our product lines or activities is.

Speaker #2: The cast-in-place business that we do is so project-oriented that it could be in Miami today and Las Vegas tomorrow. So it's not dominated by any one geographic region.

Speaker #2: Neither of our product lines or activities is.

Speaker #4: Got it. One other question. It's about water infrastructure. I know you guys make the concrete pipe culverts that are used in water treatment facilities, sewer systems, and other related applications there.

Julio Romero: Got it. One other question. It's about water infrastructure. I know you guys make the concrete pipe culverts that are used in water treatment facilities and sewer systems and other kind of related applications there. There are states that are making initiatives to address staging water infrastructure. Texas is talking about passing Prop 4 in November, which would add a lot of state taxes towards that initiative. Would that benefit you guys at all, particularly the Prop 4 in Texas?

Speaker #4: You know, there are states that are making initiatives to address aging water infrastructure. Texas is talking about passing Prop 4 in November, which would add a lot of, you know, state taxes towards that initiative.

Speaker #4: You know, would that benefit you guys at all? Particularly the Prop 4 in Texas?

Speaker #2: Yeah. I think it's positive, Julio, to the extent that additional funding is available. In those sorts of projects, there's going to be plastic pipe; there's going to be all kinds of non-concrete products that go into those applications.

H.O. Woltz III: Yeah. I think it's positive, Julio, to the extent that additional funding is available in those sorts of projects. There's going to be plastic pipe. There's going to be all kinds of non-concrete product that goes into those applications. There'll also be concrete pipe, and there'll be box culverts and concrete-related things that definitely help Insteel. I would tell you that I think that part of the recovery in demand that we've seen has been related to the funding provided by the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act, which is now five or six years old. I think those funds are beginning to find their way into the market and translate into demand, although I would hasten to say that we can't track any particular shipment that we've made to an IIJA funding mechanism. Nevertheless, something's responsible for the uptick that we see, and I believe it's funding-related.

Speaker #2: But there will also be concrete pipe and there will be box culverts, and concrete-related things that definitely help Insteel. I would tell you that I think part of the recovery in demand that we've seen has been related to the funding provided by the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act, which is now five or six years old.

Speaker #2: But I think those funds are beginning to find their way into the market and translate into demand although I would hasten to say that we can't track any particular shipment that we've made to an IJA funding mechanism.

Speaker #2: But nevertheless, some things responsible for the uptick that we see in, I believe it's funding related.

Speaker #4: And to that last point, H, you mentioned that IJA funding is several years old. But you know, you guys are basically just starting to see that push now, and therefore there is runway to when the IJA funds.

Julio Romero: To that last point, Howard, you mentioned IIJA funding is several years old. You guys are basically just kind of beginning to see that push now, and therefore, there is runway to when the IIJA funds. There's a multi-year runway remaining as regards to the benefit of IIJA funding to Insteel's P&L.

Speaker #4: There's a multi-year runway remaining to, as regards to the benefit of IJA funding to Insteel's P&L.

Speaker #2: Yeah. I mean, I have no objective data to support my belief. Julio, but I think the answer is yes. And if you go back to if you go back to the Department of Transportation's comment on IJA some years ago, they said this is not a stimulus program.

H.O. Woltz III: Yeah. I mean, I have no objective data to support my belief, Julio, but I think the answer is yes. If you go back to the Department of Transportation's comment on IIJA some years ago, they said, "This is not a stimulus program. This is a new way we're considering funding infrastructure." They acknowledge that the lead time is measured in years, not weeks or months, between the funding being available and it translating into actual activity on job sites. To the extent that that's the case, I think we're now seeing activity on job sites.

Speaker #2: This is a new way we're considering a funding infrastructure, and they acknowledge that the lead time is measured in years, not weeks or months.

Speaker #2: Between the funding being available and it translating into actual activity on job sites. And to the extent that that's the case, I think we're now seeing activity on job sites.

Speaker #4: Very helpful. Thanks very much.

Julio Romero: Very helpful. Thanks very much.

Speaker #2: Okay. Thank you.

H.O. Woltz III: Okay, thank you.

Speaker #1: Thank you. We currently have no further questions. Just one final reminder: if you'd like to register, please press star followed by one on your telephone keypad.

Moderator: Thank you. We currently have no further questions. Just one final reminder: if you'd like to register, please press star followed by one on your telephone keypad. I can confirm that does conclude the question and answer session here, and I would like to hand it back to the management team.

Speaker #1: I can confirm that does conclude the question and answer session here, and I would like to hand it back to the management team.

Speaker #2: Okay. We appreciate your interest in Insteel. We look forward to talking to you next quarter. And if you have questions, don't hesitate to follow up with us.

H.O. Woltz III: Okay. We appreciate your interest in Insteel Industries. Look forward to talking to you next quarter. If you have questions, don't hesitate to follow up with us. Thank you.

Speaker #2: Thank you.

Moderator: Thank you for dialing in for the Insteel Industries Q4 2025 earnings call. Today's call has now concluded. Thank you all for your participation, and you may now disconnect.