Q4 2023 Recursion Pharmaceuticals Inc Earnings Call - Q&A

Operator: in a boardroom. During a board meeting, something bad has happened.

During our board meeting something bad is happening.

Guest: Yeah. What was it? I don't remember. 2017?

I don't remember 2017 2017 now was just a it was a demo more than anything else you had these big monitors up in the room.

Guest: 2017. No, it was just a demo, more than anything else. You had these big monitors up in the room, and I noticed that there was a very beautiful person on the monitor, and then about 30 seconds later, there was another beautiful person, and it just kept going like this. And then at the end, you said, "Oh, none of those people actually exist." They're being generated by AI. And for me, it had a big effect because I was so passionate about AI. I went to an AI and medicine program in the 90s, and then really gave up because AI was going nowhere. And that's how I ended up on Wall Street, and I was there for a long time, and then suddenly into your office. I really hope it's different this time.

And I noticed that there was a very beautiful person on the monitor and then about 30 seconds. Later there was another beautiful person. It just kept going like this and then at the end you said Oh, none of those people actually exists there being generated by AI and for me It had a big effect because I was so poor.

Passionate about AI I went to an AI and medicine program in the Ninety's and then really gave up because AI was going nowhere.

And that's how we ended up on Wall Street and was there for a long time and then suddenly in York I really hope it's different this year and then an ear office I saw Wow things have really progressed right since that time and.

Operator: Yeah, and then in your office, I saw, wow, things have really progressed since that time. So I had gotten out of health care, and now I'm coming back to my roots. And I think you started NVIDIA at about the same time I went to Wall Street. When did you start? 93. 93? Yeah. And so what brought you back to health care?

So I had gotten out of health care and now I'm coming back to my roots and I think you had about the same time started Nvidia that I went to wall Street. When did you start ninety-three ninety-three and so what brought you back to work or to health care can you talk about yes, sure an insurer.

Guest: Can you talk about that journey? Yeah, sure. First of all, 2017, I think it's really, really instructive to just reflect quickly on that moment, but in the context of what happened starting in 2012. You guys, everybody knows, are well documented. Alex's model, AlexNet, and his partner, Ilya Suskover, and their advisor, Hinton, came up with AlexNet, and it was able to achieve computer vision capabilities with no specific human-engineered algorithms for object recognition in computer vision. And recognizing objects is a first step in some capability of intelligence, and so it's really important in artificial intelligence perception in general. But 2012 happened shortly after we achieved superhuman speech recognition and superhuman object recognition, and then it went kind of quiet. You guys probably, this is kind of 2015-ish. It went kind of quiet.

First of all 2017, I think it's really it really instructive to just reflect quickly on that that moment, but in the context of what happened starting in 2012.

Everybody knows is well documented Alex Alex's model, Alex net and his partner earlier Susko verb and their advisor Hinton came.

<unk> came up with Alex net and it was able to achieve computer vision capabilities.

With with our no specific human engineered algorithms are for object recognition computer vision and recognizing objects is a as a first step in some capability of intelligence and so it's really important in artificial intelligence perception instead perception in general for 2012.

Ah happened shortly after we achieved.

Superhuman speech recognition and superhuman.

Object recognition and then and then I'm hammering kind of quiet you guys. Probably this is kind of 2015 ish when kind of talked quiet 2018 comes along you saw the first version of <unk> Medias work in generative gans in in Goodfellow invented.

Operator: When 2018 comes along, you saw the first version of NVIDIA's work in generative GANs. Ian Goodfellow invented GANs, but we really took it, and we elevated it to a great new level. We were able to control GANs, meaning that we could say generate just nothing but human faces, or we could generate mountains, lakes, oceans, trees, clouds, and compose them all together into a scene. So we worked on what was the first indications of generative AI, and that came out in this model, and it triggered a lot of excitement. It's called Golgan. Shortly after that, Transformers was invented, BERT was created, and then GPT came along in 2018. So, if you go back in time, 2018, is as big of a deal as 2012. About six years' time. About six years' time.

Cans, but we really took it we elevated to a great new level, we can when we're able to control games.

Meaning that we could say generate just nothing about human faces or we could generate mel.

Mountain Lakes oceans trees clouds compose them altogether into athene.

So we worked on was what was the first first indications.

Of generative AI and that came out in this model in <unk>.

Triggered a lot of excitement is called Gorgon.

Shortly after that Transformers was invented Bert was created and then GPT came along in 2018. So 2018 is that if you go back in time 2018 is as big of a deal as 2012 about six years' time about six years about five year five six years' time well.

Guest: Well, uh... It's now four, five, six years after that. And we've now unified the ability to both understand the language, recognize patterns of very, very long sequences and very large dimensionality, and understand and learn the representations of them, understand the language of just about all kinds of information. And because we understand all the information, we can also generate information from that. So we can now translate from text to text, text to image, image to text. Image to text would be captioning, text to image would be image generation, text to proteins would be properties of proteins, amino acids to proteins would be structure, generation, and so on and so forth.

It is now 456 years.

After that and we've now unified unified the ability to.

Both understand the language. It recognize patterns are very very long sequences in very large dimensionality and understand and learned representations of them learned a language of just about all kinds of information.

And because we understand all the information.

We can also generate information from that so we can now translate from text attacks techs damage image detection image detects would be captioning text imagery being image generation.

A text to proteins will be a properties to proteins.

Amino acids to protein would be cost structure generation, so on and so forth and so so if you just generalized what we have now achieved generally just just take a step back and says what what is a computer able to do now.

Operator: And so if you just generalized what we have now achieved, just take a step back and say, what is a computer able to do now? It can now recognize and learn the language of almost anything with structure, and it can translate it to anything with structure. And so tags, protein, protein, tags, amino acid, protein, so on and so forth.

It can now Rick it can now recognize and learn the language of almost anything with structure and it can translate it to anything with structure and so tags protein protein tax minimize reporting so and so forth and so this is where we are now this is the generative AI revolution.

Guest: And so this is where we are now. This is the generative AI revolution. And so the time – I'm just super excited to be here. First of all, this is not my normal crowd.

And I and so so the time.

I'm just super excited to be here first of all this is not my normal crowd.

Operator: Oh, yeah. Heh, biologists and scientists and you use things like you, you're such an angry crowd. The first thing that we think about when we think about things, we think about, you know, creation, and we would like to be able to improve and accelerate or, you use words like target, acho inhibit. You know, the list of words that you guys use is just generally angry. And so anyways, you're not my normal crowd.

Yes.

Yeah.

[laughter] biology.

Biologists and scientist and you use things like U S such an angry crowds.

Yeah.

First can I versus.

Like usually when we think about things, we think about you know creation in and we would like to be able to improve and accelerate or.

You you use words like target.

Yeah.

Inhibit.

You know the list awards that you guys use or just generally angry.

And so anyways anyway, you're not my normal crowd my normal crowded the creators designers, they're artists and other there are people who are just generally happier.

Guest: My normal crowd is creators, designers, they're artists, you know, they're people who are just generally happier. You're really on to something here, Jeff. I don't think so. You guys are just in it so often. You guys are in it so much; you're just angry people with other angry people. Before you know it, you don't even realize you're angry. You're doing it for a good cause, but you're doing it in a really angry way.

But.

There really aren't that many here I.

I think I don't think site.

You guys are just in it. So are you guys in a so much you just angry people with other angry people is this before you know you don't realize you're angry.

Okay.

Youre doing it for a good cause but yeah.

They're doing it and were really angry way.

And so.

Operator: So anyways, you said that moment, and I just wanted to reflect on it for all of us. We are at that moment in computer science. We are at that moment in information science. Let me give you one example of just the magic of it. This is just the extraordinary part of it.

So anyways.

You said, you said that moment I just wanted to reflect reflect on it for all of US. We are at that moment in computer science weird at that moment in information Science, Let me give you. One example of just the magic of it. Okay. This is just Jeff the extraordinary part of it let's let's say video conferencing, there's a place on Random example video conference.

Guest: Let's say video conferencing. Let's apply some random example: video conferencing. In the past, we would take a camera. We would encode it. We would literally take every single pixel.

In the past when we take a camera we would encode we would literally takes every single pixel we would find the entropy in it and we went encoded and we would send the encoded video on the other side we were decode it.

Operator: We would find the entropy in it, and we would encode it, and we would send the encoded video on the other side. We would decode it. And the data rate is a few megabits per second. Is that right? A few megabits per second. It could be 10 megabits per second or something like that. And the compression ratio is incredible. It's like 50 to 1.

And the data rate the data rate as a few megabits per second is that right. Yeah few megabits per second it can be 10, megabits per second or something like that.

And the compression ratio is incredible say 50 to one we're showing we're amazed by video videoconferencing.

Guest: We're amazed by it, video conferencing. It was invented by AT&T in 1964. 1964, as it turns out, is a very important year in the world. A year after I was born, it was the year that the world invented the IBM System 360. Computer science has largely remained the same since then. AT&T came out with the video conferencing system, and it's largely been the same since. Let's pretend for a second that the video conferencing system now looks like this. So I go home, and my wife says, you know, Lori says, how was your day, and did you add value today?

It was invented by AT&T in a 1964 1964 as it turns out to a very important year in the world.

A year after I was born it was the year that the world that are invented the IBM system 360 computer Science has largely remained the same since then yes AT&T came out with the video conferencing system and it's largely been the same since let's pretend for a second the videoconferencing system now it looks like this.

So I go home and my wife says you know Lorie goes How's your day.

And did.

Did you did you add value today, that's our first two questions.

Operator: That's the first two questions. Okay? First two questions. Did you add value today? What's your hit rate?

Yeah.

First two questions first two questions as you add value today, what's your hit rate.

Guest: And largely, largely what I say, fine. I did no harm. That's 99% of the time. Sometimes I say, I had, you know, I saved the company. And sometimes it's true; sometimes it's not true. For example, Tuesday.

Largely largely what I say fine.

No harm.

That's 99% of the time, sometimes I say I hope you know I saved the company.

And and so and sometimes it's true sometimes is true.

For example, Tuesday.

And.

Operator: And sometimes I exaggerate. I think I saved a company. But that's not true. But it made her feel good.

And sometimes they exaggerate I saved the company, but that's not true, but if it made her felt good Poe Enzo sheet, yet finish you'll say, thank goodness feeder dock and so.

Guest: Poetic. Oh, and she'll say, thank goodness. Feed the dog.

Operator: And so she'll say something like, "What happened today?" And I'll say, I'll say, like, I gave a talk. Martin and I had a fireside chat. There were a few hundred people in the room, and it was raining, and it was leaking.

And so she will say something like what happened today and all I'll say I'll say like I gave I gave a talk Martin and I gave it fireside chat now there were a few hundred people in the room and it was raining I in and.

It was leaking.

Guest: And notice, in just a few words, the compression ratio is kilobytes, but she had reimagined that entire scene. In the future, video conference is going to be like this. It's going to take a picture, that picture is going to be a picture of our face, and then after that, it will perceive it, after that, it will re-animate it on the other side, and the compression ratio is going to be like a million to one. We are going to use artificial intelligence to exceed this limit in information theory called Shannon's theory. The Shannon's limit of information theory will be exceeded.

Yeah.

And notice in just a few words the compression ratio is kilobytes, but she had re imagined that entire scene.

In the future video conference is going to be like this it's going to take a picture there.

That picture is going to pick picture our face and then after that it will it's it's perceived it after that it will re animated on the other side re imagine on the other side the compression ratio is going to be like a million to one.

We are going to use artificial intelligence to exceed this limit in information theory called Shannon's theory.

The shannon's limit of information theory will be exceeded now how is it possible we exceeded an informational because we have priors.

Operator: Now, how is it possible that we exceed it in information theory? Because we have priors. We recognize what a person looks like. We recognize what happens. We generally understand what happens when they're animating their face.

We are priors, we recognize what a person looks like yeah, we recognize what happens we generally understand what happens with their animating their face we could reconstruct it on the other side and so so now that the inverted problem for all of you all of your scientists in the room is in the absence of information how do we go find.

Guest: We could reconstruct it on the other side. And so now the inverted problem for all of you scientists in the room is, in the absence of information, how do we go find... information? In the absence of noisy data, in the absence of such a low data rate, how do we find insight?

Information and the absence noisy data in the absence of such low data rate, how do we find insight how do we find data how do we find the embedded data that we need the information that we need well the reason for that the reason what you were able to exceed where your common sense says is because there are so many other modalities of.

Operator: How do we find data? How do we find the embedded data that we need, the information that we need? Well, the reason for that, the reason you're able to exceed what your common sense says is because there are so many other modalities of information; we call them priors. And so multimodality, I heard multimodality probably more often in this today, in several of my meetings than just in any circumstance. And I'm just super excited for all of you. Multi-modality language models, foundation models, are clearly doable today.

Information, we call them priors, and so more multi modality I heard multi modality, probably more often in this this today today's and several of my meetings than just want in any circumstance and and I'm just super excited for all of you.

Multi modality.

Language models Foundation models are clearly doable today, we know how to do it.

Guest: We know how to do it. It embeds a lot of priors, and the auxiliary information that you're going to bring from all these different modalities is going to give you insights like you can't believe. And so it just applied this concept of the video conferencing I just described, and in fact, today, you could use an AI model from NVIDIA. It's called Audio-to-Face. You apply it to a picture; we call it a live portrait, and literally from the voice that is being transmitted, and voice encoding is very high, and the amount of data is very low, and from the voice and the words that are spoken, we can animate a face, and it looks just perfect. It looks just perfect, and so you can have a video conference with not just, you know, a few kilobytes.

It Embeds a lot of priors.

And.

And the auxiliary information that you're going to bring from all these different modalities is going to give you inside like you cant believe and so it just apply this this concept of the video conferencing I just described and in fact today you could use.

And AI model from Nvidia, it's called audio to face you apply it to a picture we call our life portrait and literally from the voice that is being transmitted and voice encoding is very high and the amount of data as you know very low and from the voice and the words that are spoken we can animate our face and it looks just perfect.

It looks just perfect and so you can have a video conference with not just.

You know a few kilobytes wow.

Operator: Wow. So you could transmit enormous amounts of information with just very little amounts of data, and we're in that era. Your question was biology. How did we get involved? Well, I was 19.

So you can go you could you could transmit enormous amounts of information with just very little amounts of data and we're in that era.

Your question was was a.

Biology digital how do we get involved while this was 19.

Guest: We invented this computing model called Accelerated Computing, and there were several events when we invented this thing, and I had no idea whether it was going to be useful. And this is kind of, usually you have an intuition about why it's going to be useful, but you're not exactly sure. So we invented it. Two events happened that gave me a great deal of confidence, two things, and they were both in biology.

We invented this computer model called accelerated computing.

And.

There were several there were several events that we invented this thing and I had no idea, where there was going to be useful mhm and this is kind of the the usually you have an intuition about why it's going to be useful, but youre not exactly sure. So we invented it two events happened that gave me a great deal of confidence two things and they were both <unk> biology.

And so two two researchers at mass general.

Operator: And so two researchers at Mass General saw the work that we did, and they applied it to CT reconstruction, inverse physics, inverse image processing, basically, a CT reconstruction, and I saw their paper. And I try to, you know, even though I probably have better things to do, but I enjoy reading some of the papers that are published. And I noticed that they used our GPUs, which are designed for playing video games, for CT reconstruction. I was so excited by that. We flew out to go see them, and I kind of remember them saying, you know, why are you here?

So all the work that we did and they applied it to.

A C T reconstruction inverse physics inverse inverse inverse image processing basically.

C G reconstruction and I saw their paper.

And I try to you know, even though I I, probably have better things to do but I enjoy I enjoyed reading some of the papers that are publishing and I noticed that they used our art, our Gpus, which is designed for playing video games for.

For C. T reconstruction I was so excited about that and.

We flew out to go see them and and I can't remember them, saying you know why are you here.

Guest: and I said well, I want to see what you guys are doing with these GPUs and how you are using them for inverse, you know, CT reconstruction. And he went, and they said they'd never had a chip exec come and see us before, and I just want you to know that if your trip was incredibly successful, we would buy two GPUs. I said, well, that's totally worth it. That was the first and the second time; the second time was around this time, when CUDA was invented, at UIUC, where they used our GPUs for molecular dynamics. And it opened my mind to, hey, we could apply the same methodology that we use in designing chips, computer-aided chip design. We might be able to help the world of drug discovery go from drug discovery to computer-aided drug design. And this is now about, I guess, about 15 years ago.

And I said, well I want to see what you guys are doing with these gpus and how you're using it for inverse.

<unk> reconstruction and they go and they said they said that we'd never had a chip exact come and see us before and I. Just want you to know that if your trip was incredibly successful we would buy to Gpus.

As.

Well, that's totally worth it.

That was that was the first and the second time. The second time was around this is the win when Kudo was invented.

Was was are you are you see.

Where they used.

Our gpus for molecular dynamics, Okay, and and again it it opened my mind towards Hey look we can apply the same methodology that we use and designing chips computer aided chip design, we might be able to help the world of drug discovery go from drug discovery computer aided drug discovery.

<unk> two computer aided drug design.

And this is now about I guess about 15 years ago, and when I saw Nnamdi and unit all of your molecular dynamic simulations I said, hey, if we scale this up by 1 billion times.

Operator: And when I saw NAMD, Molecular Dynamic Simulation, I said, hey, if we scale this up by a billion times, we could, like... Simulate Biology. And I was so enthusiastic about it, and I said, how hard could this be? It turns out it's way harder than I thought. But it got me into the journey. How many years of Moore's Law is that? About 30?

We could like.

Stimulate biology.

And and I was so enthusiastic about it.

I said, how hard could this be.

It turns out is way harder than I thought.

But it got me into the journey, how many years of Moore's law is that about 30, well in that in that time in that time, we've advanced computing now by a billion times, Yeah. Yeah, 15 years, a 1 billion times and we're still 1 billion times away.

Guest: Well, in that time, we've advanced computing now by a billion times. Yeah. Yeah, 15 years, a billion times.

Operator: And we're still a billion times away. But the thing is, the fact that we're only a billion times away says it's close. Right? It's very close.

And so but the thing is the fact that we're only 1 billion tonnes of waste says is close right. It's very close and this is a big deal is a very big deal.

Guest: And this is a big deal. This is a very big deal. But I think that maybe the important message is that it didn't take much to get me excited about it.

But I think that the maybe the important message is is.

It Didnt take much to get me excited about it.

Operator: Because we had, I think it was Aviv that she was saying something about you seeing success somewhere else, and you like the smell of that success, and you want to apply it to something that you're working on. I had the benefit of growing up in one computer revolution. My entire career is defined by electronic design automation. And we made my generation, to form my generation. My boss spent all of his time, his name is Mark Allen, and he spent all of his time in a lab. I was the first generation that spent less time in a lab.

Because we had I think it was a view, though she was saying something about you saw success somewhere else and you liked you'd like the smell of that success and you went out you want to apply it to something something that youre working on I had the benefit of growing up in the in one computer Revolution doesn't why entire careers defined.

By electronic design automation.

And we we made.

Regeneration to for my generation My boss spent all of his time and his name is Mark Allen and here. He spent all of his time in our lab.

I was the first generation that spent less time in our lab.

Guest: Our engineers today never go to the lab; their entire reality is completely in simulation. And we build giant, incredible systems, you guys. It takes 20,000 engineering years to build one generation of our system, and when that system, they tell me, we call it tape out. When that system is ready for tape out, when I press that button... It is, first of all, a $500 million dollar button. Wow. And, And, I launch it, I kick off $5 billion worth of engineering, subsequent engineering, and I press it, and I know it's perfect. I know it's perfect.

Our engineers today never goes to the lab.

Their entire reality is and this is completely in simulation and we build giant compute incredible systems you guys.

It takes 20000 engineering years to build one generation of our systems.

And when that system. They tell me, it's we call it a tape out.

When that system is ready for tape out when I pressed the button.

It is a first of all $500 million button.

Wow.

And and I launch I kick off $5 billion worth of engineering subsequent engineering.

Operator: It better be perfect, because otherwise... And so I know it's perfect. I know it's perfect, because if it's not, we're in trouble. And so we literally preform all of the experimentation, all the complex experimentation of the future, and bring it all into Insilico. Now we couldn't have done that in one step, but it took us 40 years to get here. I have every confidence this is going to happen here

And I press, it and I know it's perfect.

I know, it's perfect it better be perfect because otherwise and so I know it's perfect.

Yeah.

I know, it's perfect because if it's not we're in trouble.

And and and so we we literally pre fetch all of the experimentation all the complexion experimentation of the future and bring it onto in silica.

Guest: Now it's 40 years since our journey. Forty years after our journey, which is basically about a trillion times the computing capability necessary to do what you need to do. But over the course of the next 40 years, you know, I think over the course of the next 10 years, almost everything will largely start and end in silico, and I'm hoping that computer-aided drug design will be the way we talk about it. So, Jensen, on that point, of course, I share that view, but the question is very much on my mind. I think many of the people here, and I'll just say there are two extremes, and these are characters.

Now we couldn't have done that.

In one step.

But it took us 40 years to get here.

I have every confidence this is going to happen here.

Now its 40 years after our journey.

40 years after our journey, which is basically about a trillion times more computing capability necessary to do what you need to do.

But over the course of the next 40 years, you know I think over the course next 10 years frankly.

Almost everything will largely start in silicone, largely and and in silica and enter them and I'm, hoping that computer aided drug design will be the way we talk about it. So it's to Janssen on that point out of course, I share that view, but questions very much on my mind I think many of the people here.

Operator: But one extreme is that we've got a lot of data about human biology. It might be in disparate places, in non-standard forms, hard to corral, but there's a ton of data. We have all the data we need, and now we just need really great algorithms and LLMs, and they're going to train on all that data, and then we're going to learn all of human biology. That's one extreme.

I'll just say, there's two extremes and these are caricatures, but one extreme is we've got a lot of data about human biology, it might be in disparate places in nonstandard forms hard to corral, but theres a ton of data we have all the data we need and now we just need really great algorithms and L. L ends.

Guest: The other extreme is we don't have anywhere near the right amount of curated, reliable, reproducible data, and we've got to do millions, maybe billions of experiments to get that data, and this is, as you know, something Recursion's working on. So, do we have enough data for the LLMs to just deduce biology? Probably not, and it doesn't even matter if it's true that we know that there is enough data. If you told me that the world has enough data, I would still do what recursion is doing. Systematically create data so that we can learn what we need to learn in a systematic way. That's called the engineering method.

And theyre going to train on all of that data and then we're going to learn all of human biology, that's one extreme.

The other extreme is we don't have anywhere near the right amount of curated reliable reproducible data and we've got to do millions maybe billions of experiments highly reproducible to get that data and this is as you know something recursion working on so do we have enough data for the <unk>.

Operator: The engineering methods suggest that there's a structured process, a repeatable process. We augment it with domain randomization, but we don't start our life in domain randomization. We don't start our life by wandering around the universe exhaustively.

Oh EMS to just deduce biology.

Probably not and it doesn't even matter if it's true that we that we know that there is enough data. If you told me that the world has enough data I will still do what recursion is doing systematically create data so that we can.

Guest: So I do think that you're going to do all of it. You're going to do systematic data generation, you're going to do synthetic data generation, you're going to, of course, learn from all the data available in the world, and you're going to connect a flywheel together that allows you to learn from reinforcement learning and other methods. And so I think the answer is yes in all of those cases, but the one case where, if I were to start from nothing, I would do it the way recursion does it.

Learn what we need to learn in a systematic way that's called the engineering method sure. The engineering method suggest that that there's a there's a structured process a repeatable process.

We augment it we augmented with domain randomization.

But we don't start our life in domain randomization.

We don't start our life by by unit by wandering around the universe exhaustively.

And so so I do think that you'll just youre going to do all of it you're going to do a systematic data generation.

Operator: The systematic way of generating, I think it s an excellent method, which is the reason why we re an investor. I think it s a smart approach. And so that means it s probably a while before we can be like your engineers operating entirely in silico. Well, we do operate entirely in silico, but we design it completely in silico, simulate. We simulate at multiple levels. The transistor level, which is the physics level. It's like close to, it's not quite Schrodinger's equations, but electromagnetic equations.

You're going to do synthetic data generation.

You're going to.

You know of course learn from all of the data available in the world and you're going to connect a flight a flywheel together.

That allows you to learn from reinforcement learning in other methods and so yeah. I think the answer is yes in all of those cases, but the one case that.

If I were to start from nothing I would do it the way recursion does it the systematic way of generating.

Guest: Okay, so principle simulations, you can't scale that up very far. Logical simulations, timing simulations, functional simulations, and behavioral simulations. Look at how many abstractions I've already captured: system-level emulation, and then we do all of that connected together. When we tape out, then we have a prototype. That prototype, we have got to bring it into the lab. And so, whenever we make a mistake, the more launches, rocket launches we do, the better we're going to be as a company, and so we launch a lot of rockets.

I think it's an excellent method, which is the reason why we're we're an investor I think it's smart approach and so that means its probably a while before we can be like your engineers operating entirely in silica well, we and we operate entirely in silicone but.

And we designed it completely and silicone stimulate we simulate in multiple levels.

Transistor level.

Which is physics physics level is like close to is not quite a not quite schrodinger equations, but but electromagnetics equations. Okay. So principal simulations you can't you can't scale that up very far logical simulations timing simulations functional simulations behavioral simulations look.

Operator: Every time we launch the rocket, we learn something new; even though the chip is good enough for, you know, for production, there are probably some areas that are slightly different from our expectations. We take that, and put it back into the model so that the next chip improves from that. And so, I think our methodology of designing chips is not unlike recursion's methodology of designing drugs and discovering drugs.

How many abstractions I've already captured.

Some level emulation.

And then we do all of that connected together when we tape out then we have a prototype that prototype we got to bring it up in the lab does and.

So.

Guest: We just have the benefit of having a simpler problem, a far simpler problem. For example, here's something that we have the advantage of that you don't. If we don't understand a transistor very well... We make the transistor different. That's cheating. Would you guys agree?

Whenever we make a mistake.

The more the more the more launches rocket launches, we do the better we're going to be as a company and so we launched a lot of rockets every time, we launched a rocket we learned something new even though the chip is good enough for you know for production it.

Operator: Like, for example, if you don't understand a protein very well, you don't get to make it different. So we say, hey, you know what? The simulation capability of our company is not limited to the size of a transistor or its shape or whatever. Let's just change the shape. Let's design the transistor so that we can understand it. It's not like the human body is going to shape itself so that you can understand it.

There are probably some areas that are slightly different than our expectation, we take that put it back into the model. So that the next ship improves from that and so so I think our our methodology of designing chips is not unlike recurrence methodology of designing drugs and discovering drugs.

We just had the benefit of of having a simpler problem are far simpler problem. For example, here's something that we have the advantage of the you don't.

Guest: And so you have a much harder problem. You're also not regulated the same way. What's that? You're not regulated the same way.

If we don't understand a transistor very well.

We make the transistor different.

That's cheating.

Would you guys agree.

Operator: All true, all true, all true. Anyhow, you have a much harder problem, but one of the advantages is that it's now 40 years since our starting point, and the technology that's available is genuinely miraculous. And if you haven't had a chance to try the technology, please do. And the attitude that I would use, if you wouldn't mind me just saying so, is the same attitude that I approached coming into this industry with: how hard could it be? It turns out it's much harder than you think, but at least it gets you on the journey.

Like for example, if you don't understand a protein very well you don't get to make a different now because when we go hey, you know what the simulation capability of our of our company is not at the limits of the size of the transition or the shape of whatever let's just change the shape.

Let's design of transistors, so that we can understand it it's not like the human body is going to shape itself. So that you can understand it and so you have a much harder problem youre always not regulated the same way with that you're also not regulated the same way.

Guest: That's probably the wisdom. So Jensen, stepping back, how do you see the role of huge technology companies such as yours in pharmaceuticals and biopharma? Are you providing tools like Levi's and pickaxes, or do you think that it evolves in a different direction from that? I'm hoping, dear God, we end up better than Levi's. I'm sure they're great. Are they still around?

All true.

Our true anyhow anyhow, you have a much a much harder problem.

But one of the advantages is that it's now 40 years after our starting point and the technology that that that's available is genuinely miraculous and if if you haven't had a chance to engage the technology. Please do and the the attitude that I would use.

Operator: Oh, yeah. Okay, all right. Right here in Stamford. When I was in college, I went to school when I was 16, and I had five pairs of Levi's 501s, uh... no socks. My mom didn't pack me with any socks.

Guest: Anyways, I haven't seen the 501s. Are they still around? I don't know. Okay. So, I hope we're going to be around in four years. Our contribution is in three layers. The first layer is if you are doing, if you want to simulate, if you want to do your drug design and drug discovery in silico, it is very likely that you have to process an enormous amount of data. It's likely it's multimodal. It's likely that it's a very, very long sequence.

If you if you if you wouldn't mind me just saying so is the same attitude that I approached.

The coming into this industry is how hard could it be.

And it turns out is much harder than you think right, but at least to get you on the journey, that's probably the the wisdom. So so jensen stepping back how do you see the role of a huge technology companies such as yours in Pharmaceuticals, and Biopharma are you are you providing.

Operator: It is very, it is likely going to require state-of-the-art AI models. There are several ways that we can help you, and we can partner with you. One is the computing platform. Second is the algorithm, the mathematics that are sitting on top of these computing platforms. We're quite special at that.

Tools like like Levi's, and Pickaxes or do you think that it evolves in a different direction from that.

I'm, hoping hoping dear God, we ended up better than Levi's.

Guest: We're very good at that. And so, this area, and then the third, of course, you know, we are enthusiastic. We're passionate, and we are determined to work with you to advance this field. We believe in it.

I'm sure they're great are they still around Oh, yeah, Okay all right.

Right here in San Juan when I was in college.

When her husband called I went I went to school when I was 16 and <unk>.

Operator: Very few companies can say that they believed in this from the very beginning, and we're, you know, still here 15 years later, working with all of you. And so, we deeply believe that this is going to be the future of the way that drugs will be discovered and designed. And so, there are several things that we can offer, and of course, we're also fairly proficient investors. And so, we would love to invest in amazing companies like Recursion, and there are several other amazing companies that we've invested in with the audience. And so, we'd love to partner with you to create this future together. We can work with you on a whole lot of different levels. And, you know, please, if you have a hard time with computation or artificial intelligence, you know, send us an email. We're here for you.

And I had five pairs of Levi's fiber ones sure.

No socks.

My mom didn't impact me with any socks fiber ones.

Anyways I havent seen fiber ones are they still around I don't know.

So I hope, we're going to be around in four years.

Our contribution is there's three layers. The first layer is is.

If you are doing if you if you want to stimulate.

If you want to do your drug design and drug discovery in silica. It is very likely that you have to process an enormous amount of data is likely it's multi dose multimodal is likely that it's very very long sequence longitudinal.

It is very it is likely going to require state of the art AI models.

Guest: I think there's so much to learn from NVIDIA on computer-aided design, right? There's got to be so many analogies there. I wonder if some of those simulations actually apply. If you look at our pipeline in Clara, from cryo-electron microscopy to X-ray crystallography to gene sequencing to amino acids to structure prediction, all the way to virtual screening of just about every single algorithm you can imagine. First of all, I don't mean to show off. But what other chip CEO would talk like that? Can't think of any, Jensen.

There are several ways that we can help you and we can partner with you one is the computing platform.

<unk> is the algorithm the mathematics that are sitting on top of these computing platforms. We're quite special it that we're very good at that.

And so this area and then the third of course.

You know we were where we're enthusiastic we're passionate and we are determined to work with you to advance. This field. We believe in this are very very few companies can say that they believed in this from the very beginning and worse still here 15 years later working with all of you and so we deeply bill.

Operator: Exactly. Yeah. That's nasty talk. That is really nasty talk.

Leave that this is going to be the future of the way the drugs will be discovered in designed and so so there's a there's several things that we can offer and of course.

Guest: You know, in our industry, it was just like, blah, blah, blah, blah. And then right here, everybody goes, I know exactly what you're talking about. And so, along the entire pipeline of the discovery of drugs and medicine, we have algorithms, and we have mathematics, and we have expertise that we can be a partner to you. So please do reach out to us, and we'd love to be of service to you. So I cannot let you off the stage without asking for some predictions. And how about this? I will allow you to choose the time frame of your prediction, but maybe something shorter this year, more or less, and something a few years out.

We're also.

Fairly adept investors and so are we.

We would love to investing in our amazing companies like recursion.

And there are several other amazing companies that we've invested in the audience.

And so so.

And we'd love to partner with you to create this future together. So we can work with you and a whole lot of different levels and you know.

Please if you have a hard time with computation or artificial intelligence.

Now it's centers email we're here for you.

I think there's so much to learn from Nvidia on computer aided design right Theres got to be so many analogies there I wonder if some of those stimulation. If you look at our if you look at our pipeline and Clara from Cryo electron microscopy to X Ray crystallography too.

Operator: So, short term, one of the observations that everybody's going to realize is that artificial intelligence sounds complicated, but it's supposed to make computers easier to use. The single greatest contribution we have made to society is that we have finally made it possible so that all of our children don't have to learn C++. Yay! What a ridiculous idea. A nightmare.

<unk>.

You know gene sequencing to amino acid to structure prediction, all the way to virtual screening of just about every single algorithm you can imagine.

Guest: There was a time, you guys know, there was a time when tech CEOs were saying, oh yeah, in the future, everybody should learn how to program. And I was thinking, I don't want anybody to program. Right. Why is everybody programming the computer? It makes no sense.

First of all.

I don't mean to show off.

But what other chip CEO would talk like that.

Yes.

Ensign.

Exactly yeah.

That's nasty talk.

That is nasty talk.

In our industry. He was just like me blah, blah, blah, blah blah and array here anymore, because I know exactly what you thought and so so.

Operator: The computer should do what you intend it to do. And so, for the first time, because of artificial intelligence and the ground-breaking work that our industry has now done, we have closed the technology divide in a dramatic way. Everybody's a programmer, and the programming language of the future is called "human." You could talk to it.

And so along the entire pipeline.

Of the discovery of of our drugs in medicine, and we are we have algorithms and we of mathematics, and we have expertise that we can be a partner to you. Okay. So so please do reach out to us and we love to be of service to so I cannot let you off the stage without asking for some predictions and how about this I will I will.

Guest: You could have incomplete sentences. It could be half filled with gestures. You could be Italian and program a computer. You could be... German, French, Italians, and Americans can equally program computers because the computer is multi-modal and understands your intention and understands waves and gestures and things like that.

Wow you to choose the timeframe of your prediction.

But maybe something short term.

Like this year more or less and something a few years out.

So so short term short term it one of the one of the observations that everybody's going to realize is the artificial intelligence sounds complicated, but it's supposed to make computers easier to use.

Operator: And so I think this is our great contribution. What does that mean to you? It means that, for the very first time, our computers and the power of the computer are much, much easier to access than ever in history. You just have to engage. Go take a...

The single greatest contribution we have made to society is that we finally made it possible. So that all of our children don't have to learn C plus plus.

Guest: I believe that this year every industry will become a technology, the beginning of a journey of a technology industry. Let me tell you what it means to be a technology industry. You guys know there's a fundamental difference between selling a phone and building and merchant and selling iPhones. One of them selling a phone is... Neanderthals, iPhone is a technology industry.

What a ridiculous idea a nightmare.

There was a time you guys know there was a time when tech Ceos, where are you in the future everybody's you'll learn how to program and I was thinking I don't want anybody to program right.

Why why is everybody programming and computer makes no sense. The computer should do what you intended to do and so we have we ever to first time because of artificial intelligence and the work that the groundbreaking work that our industry has now done we have closed the technology divide in a dramatic way everybody's a programmer.

Operator: And the reason for that is that it's software-defined, and that device offers a platform by which Apple can continue to offer services and goodness and joy and all of those things to the world for a very, very long time. Well, you're now seeing this fundamental difference between Tesla, the car company, and other car companies. One of them is building a thing, and one of them is building technology.

And the programming language of the future is called human.

You could talk to it you could have incomplete sentences it could be half with gesture you can be Italian and program a computer.

Guest: I fundamentally believe your industry is going to be revolutionized because of your transformation to become software-designed, software-driven, and artificial intelligence-driven. That is going to revolutionize your industry. A medical instrument is never going to be the same again; ultrasound systems, CT scan systems, you name it, all kinds of instruments.

It can be.

German French and Italians and Americans can equally program computers.

And because the computer is multimodal and understand your intention and understand waves and gestures and things like that and so so I think this is our greater contribution what does that mean to you.

Operator: They're always going to be a device plus a whole bunch of other things. So, uh, all the modern, uh, uh, biotech companies are starting to think in this way, and I think that the value that you'll create, the opportunities you'll create, are going to be incredible. And so I think this is going to be one of the world's great future industries. It's going to be a technology industry, and we're here to serve you. I think we still need to know that, even in the age of artificial intelligence. What do you think? I love it!

It means that for the very first time, our computers and the power of a computer is much much easier to access than ever in history.

You just have to engage it.

So take a step.

I believe that this year every industry will become.

Guest: Marty, I think that everybody should learn Philosophy 101, which is basically logic. And Philosophy 101, which is basically logic, is the foundation of programming. So go learn that, and and that that is ample ample uh... please learn algebra that that's linear algebra, yeah I mean I would push them until they get to calculus, but differential equations, you know, and Shouldn't everybody learn linear algebra though? Here we go. You have to learn how to do this. Suppose you have a wedding party of 300 people. How would you seat these 300 people at tables of 12 so that everybody would have a harmonious and happy dinner?

A technology industry.

At the beginning of a journey of a technology industry. Let me tell you what it means to to be a technology industry.

You guys know, there's a fundamental difference between selling a phone and building and merchant and selling iphones.

One of them selling a phone is.

Neanderthals.

IPhone is a technology industry and reason for that is because of software defined and that device that device.

<unk> offers a platform by which Apple can continue to offer services and goodness and joy and all of those things to the world for a very very long time, well you could you're now seeing this the fundamental difference between Tesla car company and other.

Operator: As you go, as you know, the combinations are more than the number of atoms in the universe and that this is a problem only a mother-in-law can solve. And we do not need a quantum computer. You see? So, whatever it is that they use to solve this problem, go learn that. Okay. On that note, Jensen, thank you so much. It was amazing.

Other companies.

A car companies one of them is building a thing and one of them is building technology I fundamentally believe your industry is going to get revolutionized because of your transformation to become software designed software driven and artificial intelligence driven that is going to revolutionize your industry a medical instrument is never going to be the same again.

Guest: That was amazing. Step into Wix Studio, the platform for agencies and enterprises, and turn website layouts into an art form. Create the grid you want, shaping every section intuitively, and get down to detail with the total control and pixel-perfect precision your vision requires. Repeat your designs at scale to get the momentum your project needs, with all the flexibility to adapt your layout across screen sizes instantly. Deliver faster and set your creativity free. Hey, this is Andrew Brown from ExamPro, and cloud computing has now become one of the essential skills that you need to learn in order to make it in the web development industry. And AWS, Amazon Web Services, is the most popular cloud computing service used by startups. So this whole course is about getting AWS certified for the Certified Cloud Practitioner, which is the entry-level certification.

Ultrasound systems <unk> systems, you name it all kinds of instruments, they're always going to be a device plus a whole bunch of a ice.

And so.

All the modern.

<unk> Tec bio companies are starting to thinking this way and I think that that that the value that you create.

The opportunities you create.

Are going to be incredible and so I think this is going to be one of the world's great future industries is going to be a technology industry.

And work you know we're here to serve you. My last question I have two young kids seven and nine I do not want them to be programmers and the way I was a program, but they should play videogames well, they certainly do that and I do I Wonder if you might wonder what you think about this I do tell them I do think you need.

Guest: And the idea here is that by getting the certification, you are going to be able to prove that you can work with cloud computing, prove that you can work with AWS, and you're going to have a lot more job opportunities available to you. So, you know, let's get to this and start learning about AWS. Hey, this is Andrew Brown from Exam Pro.

To know about the algorithmic data driven approach to problem solving yeah, I think we still need to know that even in the age of AI, what do you say I love it.

Marty I think that everybody should learn philosophy one on one.

Which is basically logic.

Operator: And I'm going to try to answer all the questions you might have about the CCP, which is known as the Certified Cloud Practitioner, to determine whether it's the right certification for you. Okay, so the CCP is all about AWS foundational knowledge. So what that means is that it can show that you know how to poke around and you can use the AWS console and you know, the general offerings from AWS, it's like a light version of the solution architect associate. Okay. But the CCP has some very unique offerings which no other certification on AWS has, which is that they have a strong focus on billing and business-centric concepts.

And and philosophy 101, which is basically logic is the is the foundations of programming right. So go learn that.

And in that that is is ample ample.

Please learn algebra you know that's how about linear yeah, I mean, I would push them until they get the calculus, but but you know differential equations, you know I don't know.

I dunno.

Suddenly everybody learn linear algebra.

Multi variable systems is good to be able to command, but but you know you've got an AI to do that okay. Yeah, I think its okay, I think that anybody who could who could solve.

Guest: Okay, and that's why it makes a lot of sense that a lot of people who try to obtain the CCP are in sales and management, because it's going to give them that knowledge to help them inform VPs or CEOs about the reasons why they should use AWS. Okay. Alright, so the next thing you're probably going to ask me is what value does the CCP hold? Well, it's not a gil

Here you go you just have to you have to learn how to do the suppose you have a wedding party of 300 people.

How would you seat. These 300 people in tables with 12, so that everybody would have a harmonious unhappy dinner.

Operator: It can help superficially increase your AWS certification count if that's something that some companies care about, but it's not recognized as an important certification for developers on resumes. So if you think getting the CCP is going to help you get a job, it probably won't help too much. If you were a boot camp grad, then it could be a good indicator that you're a little bit familiar with AWS. So it can be okay in that one circumstance.

As you go.

As you know the combinations are more than a number of atoms in the universe and that this is a problem only a mother in law can solve.

And we do not need a quantum computer.

So there.

So whatever it is that they use to solve this problem to learn that okay.

On that note Jensen. Thank you so much.

Yeah.

Okay.

Amazing.

Okay.

And step into Wix IDIOM platform for agencies and enterprises intern website lay out into an art form.

Yes.

Yes.

Great the grading one shapes.

Shaping every section intuitively.

And get down to detail with the total control and pixel perfect precision irrigation required.

Repeat your designs at scale to get the momentum in your project.

Okay.

With all the flexibility to adapt your lay out our cross screen sizes instantly.

Deliver faster.

Set their creativity.

Okay.

Hey, This is Andrew Rao from exam Pro and cloud computing has now become one of the central skills that you need to learn in order to make it in the web development industry and AWS Amazon Web services is the most popular cloud computing service used by startups. So this whole course is about getting AWS.

Guest: But generally, for developers, it's not going to help you too much. All right, so maybe you're thinking so far, hey, Andrew, this doesn't sound that great. Why would I want to even bother getting it?

Operator: And you might be thinking about skipping the CCP, but I'm going to tell you that that is not what you should do. You should actually go get the CCP. And why is that? Well, it's for a totally different reason.

To fight for the certified cloud petitioner, which is the entry level certification.

And the idea here is that by getting the certification you are going to be able to prove that you can work with cloud computing prove that you can work with AWS and you're going to have a lot more job opportunities available to you. So you know, let's get through this and start learning about AWS.

Guest: It's because the CCP is going to help you build confidence. And it's a very easy win because it's the easiest certification, because it's the most inexpensive. It's the perfect opportunity for you to get comfortable for when you actually go take a real exam, okay? So the other exams, the Associates, and everything beyond that are very difficult.

Hey, this is Andrew Brown from exam pro and I'm going to try to answer all the questions you might have about the CCP, which is known as the certified cloud practitioner to determine whether it's the right certification for you. Okay. So the CCP is all about.

Operator: And you don't want that to be the first certification you go for, because you're going to go to the exam center, and you're going to be very nervous or stressed out, or something's going to go wrong. And so by taking the CCP and going to the test center, you're going to get to know your test center and learn how you have to be on time and what the environment is going to be like, okay? And that is the big value out of the CCP. So that's why I want you to go after it. And also, just some people, they should just prepare because they might get overwhelmed once they start with the Solution Architect Associate. And so it is a very easy way to ease into the Associate certification. All right, so let's talk about study time. How much time do I have to put in to pass this exam? Now, if you are a developer, so you're already working in the industry, you can pass this in less than a week. If you're a bootcamp grad, I'd say about 15 hours.

This foundational knowledge of what that means is that it can show that you know how to poke around and you can use either of its causal and you know the general offerings from AWS, It's like a light version of the solution architect associate Okay.

But the CCP has some very unique offerings, which no. Other a certification on AWS has which is they have a strong focus on billing and business centric concepts, okay, and that's why it's going to make a lot of sense why a lot of people who try to obtain the CCP are in sales and management, because it's going to give them that knowledge to help them inform.

The piece of our Ceos the reasons why do you use AWS okay.

Alright. So the next thing you are probably going to ask me is what value does the CCP hold while it's not a gilded title.

Can help superficially increase your Ara certification count if that's something that some companies care about but it is not recognized as an important certification for developers on resumes. So if you think by getting the CCP is going to help you get a job I probably won't help too much. If you were a boot camp grad than it could be a good indicator that you have.

Guest: So we're talking about a week and a half of studying. And if you're in sales and management, you probably don't have a lot of developer experience or with cloud infrastructure. So we're looking at 20 hours of study. But the thing is, you can book this exam a week ahead and use this course, and you will pass because it is a very easy certification and it's not a huge time requirement, okay? So that just gives you kind of an idea of the time you need to put in. All right, so when it comes time to take this exam, you're going to have to go to a test center which is partnered with AWS. And there are two test center networks. We have PSI and Pearson VUE.

A little bit can go with AWS. So it can be okay in that one circumstance, but generally for developers is not going to help you too much.

So maybe you're thinking so far hey, Andrew this doesn't sound that great why would I want even bother getting this and you might be thinking about skipping the CCP, but I'm going to tell you that that is not what you should do you should actually go get the CCP and why is that wall tour are totally different reason, it's because of the CCP is going to help you build.

Confidence and it's a very easy one because it's the easiest certification because it's the most inexpensive certification. It's the perfect opportunity for you to get comfortable for when you actually go take a real exam. Okay. So the other exams. The associates at everything beyond that are very difficult and you don't want that to be your firm.

Operator: And so before, the only way you could take this exam was to go in person to a test center. But now that Pearson VUE is part of AWS, as in it's offering the exams through its network, Pearson VUE is known for its proctored exams. So what is a proctored exam?

<unk> certification Gulf War, because you're going to have the exam standards are going to be very nervous or stressed out or something is going to go wrong and so by taking the CCP and going to the test center Youre going to.

Guest: That's when you have someone that is supervising or monitoring your examination, and specifically for online, okay? So what that means is that you can sign up and schedule an online exam through a web camera. And you would just take the exam, and somebody would watch you to make sure that you're not cheating, okay? So now it's even easier to get AWS certified because you can take this at the convenience of your own home. But I would strongly recommend that you take it at an in-person test center if there is one nearby, just because when you go for those harder certifications, they may not offer proctored exams.

Learn your test center and learn how you have to be on time, and what the environment's going to be like okay and that is the big value out of the CCP. So that's why I want you to go after it and also just some people data to just prepare because they might get overwhelmed once they start with the solution architects associate and so it is a.

Very easy way to ease into the associate certifications.

Alright, So let's talk about study time, how much time do I have to put in to pass. This exam now if you are a developers who are already working on industry. You can pass this in less than a week, if you're a bootcamp grad I'd say about 15 hours. So we're talking about a week and a half of study and if you're in sales and management you probably don't have a lot of developer.

Operator: And so at this point, I recommend that you try to go to a test center. But if you just wanna get AWS certified and you're really excited, definitely go take it online. All right, and now we just have some remaining questions. So how much does it cost to take this exam?

Periods or with a cloud infrastructure. So we're looking at 20 hours of study, but the thing is is that you can.

Guest: It's $100 USD. It is the most inexpensive AWS certification. It's going to take 90 minutes. That's the time that you're allocated during the exam. It doesn't actually take that long. You could probably get it done in under an hour. Again, it's not a very hard certification, but I do recommend that when you go to the exam, you maximize all of your time and review your questions because it is a very good habit to get into when you take exams.

You know book this exam a week ahead and use this course and you will path because it is a very easy certification and it's not a huge time requirement. Okay. So that just gives you a kind of an idea of the time you need to put in.

Alright, so when it comes time to take this exam, you're going to have to go to test center, which is partnered with AWS and there are two test center in networks, we have P. Assai in Pearson view.

And so before the only way you could take this exam you had to go in person to a test center, but now that Pearson Vue is part of our AWS as in its offering the exam suited their network Pearson Vue is known for their proxy exams. So what does the Procter exam. That's when you have someone that is C.

Operator: There are 65 questions. The passing score is 70%. I think that actually is a hard number. With all the other exams, it's kind of a floating number. So it's never exactly that amount, but I'm pretty sure for the Cloud Practitioner exam, if you get over 70%, you will pass. Okay? And then when you get the certification, it's gonna be valid for three years. So it's gonna be with you for quite a long time.

Providing or monitoring your examination and specifically for online. Okay. So what that means is that you can sign up and schedule on online exam and through a web camera and if you you would just take the exam and somebody would want you to make sure that youre not cheating okay. So.

Guest: So, there you go. Hopefully, that answers all your questions about the Certified Cloud Practitioner. Hey, this is Andrew Brown from ExamPro, and here I have the exam guide pulled up because I'm going to give you a quick walkthrough of it so you have an idea of what AWS wants you to know in order to pass this exam.

Now, it's even easier to get <unk> certified because you can take this at the convenience of your own home, but I would strongly recommend that you take it at an in person Test center. If there is one nearby just because when you go for this harder certifications they may not offer Proctor exams and.

Operator: So, the first thing we're going to do is scroll down to the content outline and just give the domains a read and understand the weighting of the actual exam. So, we have four domains here. We have Cloud Concepts, Security, Technology, and Billing and Pricing. And so, the largest portion of the exam is Technology at 36%, and Billing and Pricing is the lowest amount, which is kind of funny because I find that the most valuable thing in the entire course is Billing and Pricing.

So.

At this point I recommend that you try to go to a test center, but if you just wanted to get <unk> certified and they're really excited definitely go take it online alright, and now we just have some remaining questions here. So what does it cost to take this exam, it's $100 USD. It is the most inexpensive eight of its certification.

Guest: Okay, we're going to learn a lot about Billing and Pricing on AWS here, but that's just how they weighted it. But let's just talk about these four domains so we understand what it is that we need to know for each of these domains. So, for Domain 1, we need to be able to define the AWS Cloud and its value proposition. We need to be able to identify aspects of AWS Cloud Economics, and list the different cloud architecture design principles. Now, for Security, we need to know a variety of different AWS security services, and we need to know the shared responsibility model. You need to know that for every single exam. It's always broadened out like 100 times over.

It's going to take 90 minutes, that's the time that your allocated during the the exam it doesn't actually take that long you could probably get it done in under an hour. It again, it's not a very hard certification, but I do recommend that when you go to the exam you maximize all of your time and review your questions because.

Does it is a very good habit to get into when you. Take example, there are 65 questions. The passing score is 70% I think that actually is a hard number with all the other exams, it's kind of a floating numbers. So it's never exactly that amount, but I'm pretty sure for the cloud protection or if you get over 70% you are going to pass okay.

And then when you get the certification it's gonna be valid for three years. So it's going to be with you for quite a long time. So there you go hopefully that answers all the questions you have about the certified cloud practitioner.

Operator: But yeah, that's part of the security domain. Onto Technology, you're going to need to know all the core AWS services and also a bunch of other AWS services, and you're going to need to know the global infrastructure. Okay, so we're talking regions, AZs, and edge locations. All right, and then we go onto Billing and Pricing. So, we need to be able to compare and contrast various pricing models for AWS, recognize the various account structures in relation to AWS Billing and Pricing, and identify resources available for billing support. So, the next thing I wanted to go over with you is the response type. So, when you're taking the exam, you're going to be presented with questions in one or the other format.

Hey, This is Andrew Brown for example, ROE and here I have the exam guide pulled up because I'm going to give you a quick walk through of it. So you have an idea what AWS wants you to know in order to pass. This exam. So the first thing we're going to do is we're going to squirrel Landau.

Now to the content outline and just give the domains are read and understand the waiting of the actual exam. So we have four domains here, we have cloud concept security technology, and billing and pricing and so the largest portion of the exam is technology at 36% and billing and pricing is the lowest amount, which is kind of funny because.

I find that the most valuable thing in the entire course is billing and pricing. Okay. We're going to learn a lot about billing and pricing either AWS here.

Guest: So, we have multiple choice and multiple response. So, for multiple choice, you just choose one out of four. Okay, and then for multiple response, it's going to be two or more correct responses out of five or more options. But generally, I find that it's two out of five or three out of six.

But that's just how they waited it but let's just talk about these four domains that we understand what it is that we need to know for each of these domains. So for domain. One we need we need to be able to define the eight of us cloud adds value proposition, we need to be able to identify aspects of avis cloud economics lift or the different cloud architecture design principles, Okay now for security.

Operator: And then the last thing here is White Papers. So White Papers are generally core to studying for AWS. For the CCP, however, you do not have to read a single White Paper.

We need to know a a variety of different <unk> security services, and we need to know the shared responsibility model. Okay. You need to know that for every single exam, it's always broaden up like 100 times over but yeah. That's part of the security debate onto technology Youre going to need to know all the core EDA, but services and also a.

Guest: Everything in this course covers anything that could possibly pop up in these White Papers here. And White Papers are super boring, okay? But just so you know, we have an overview of Amazon Web Services, architecting for the cloud, AWS best practices, how AWS pricing works, and cost management in the AWS cloud, okay? So those are your four White Papers recommended. And then a fifth one, this isn't a White Paper, though, but they just say compare the AWS support plans. So you go to the website, and you read about the support plans, okay? So there you go. That is the exam guide in a nutshell. Shopify helps you sell at every stage of your business.

Bunch of other Ada was services and Youre going to need to know global infrastructure. Okay. So we're talking in a region a Z is an edge locations all right.

And then onto billing and pricing so we need to be able to compare and contrast, various pricing models for AWS recognize the various account structures in the relation to avis billing and pricing and identify resources available for billing support so that is the content outline. So the next thing I wanted to go over with you is the response types of.

Operator: Like that, let's put it online and see what happens stage. And the site is live. That we opened a store and need a fast checkout stage. Thanks, you're all set. That, count it up and ship it around the globe stage. This one's going to Thailand.

When you're taking the exam youre going to be presented questions in one or the other format. So we have multiple choice and multiple responsible for multiple choice.

Guest: And that, wait, did we just hit the million orders stage? Whatever your stage, businesses that grow grow with Shopify. Sign up for your $1 a month trial at Shopify.com slash YouTube Audio.

You just choose one out of four okay, and then for Marpol response, it's going to be a two or a more correct responses out of five or more auctions, okay, but generally I find it's two out of five or three out of six okay.

Operator: Hey, this is Andrew Brown from ExamPro, and we are looking at what cloud computing is, which is the most important question on our journey to become a certified cloud practitioner. So what I've done here is I've pulled up the textbook definition of cloud computing, and we will read through this, and then I will give you a bit more context on what cloud computing is. So cloud computing, from the dictionary, is the practice of using a network of remote servers hosted on the internet to store, manage, and process data rather than a local server or personal computer.

And then the last thing here is white papers. So white papers are generally core to studying for AWS.

For the CCP or however, you do not have to re a single white paper everything in this course covers anything that could possibly pop up in these white papers here and white papers are super boring, okay, but just so you know we have the overview of Amazon Web services architecture for the cloud Adi's best practices how it.

Guest: So what does that mean? Well, to really understand that, we need to understand on-premise and cloud providers. So now, most people are using cloud providers such as AWS, GCP, or Azure to run their actual workloads. And prior to that, everyone was doing on-premise.

AWS pricing works cost management in the.

In AWS cloud Okay. So those are your four white papers recommended and then a fifth one this isn't a whitepaper, though where they just say compare the Ava support plans to go to the web page and you read about the support plans. Okay. So there you go that is the exam guide in a nutshell.

Operator: So what you would do with on-premise is you would own the servers, so that would be the hardware and the software. You'd hire the IT people to configure those servers and those applications. You'd pay or rent the real estate to house all these physical servers, and you would take all the risk. Now on-premise is still well and alive today and there's definitely good reasons to have an on-premise solution but a lot of companies are now starting to use cloud providers and so cloud providers are like AWS, GCP and Azure as I said earlier and so here it's someone else owns the servers so you are not responsible for that hardware and to different degrees they will configure the the software layer for you or you have control over it yourself depends on what kind of service you are using.

Shopify helped me sell a porphyry stage of your business like that put it online and see what happens in stage and the site is life that we opened a store in need of fast checkout stage. Thank you off that that counted up and ship it around the globe, Dave This one's going to Thailand and that we did we do.

A million ordinary days.

Whatever your stage businesses that grow well with shopify sign up for your one dollar amount trial at Shopify Dotcom fashion Youtube audio.

Hey, this is Andrew Brown from exam pro and we are looking at what is cloud computing, which is the most important question on our journey to become a certified cloud practitioner. So what I've done here as I pulled up the textbook definition of cloud computing and we've all read through this and then I will give you a bit more context on what is cloud computing. So.

Guest: They're hiring IT people, and they're watching these servers around the clock for you, so you do not have to pay for that, and someone else is paying for or renting the real estate, so they are buying the real estate to house these servers, which are data centers. And now you have a shared responsibility. So you're responsible for configuring cloud services and the code that you deploy onto these services. And so these cloud providers are going to take care of the rest for you, okay? So that is generally what cloud computing is. Hey, this is Andrew Brown from ExamPro, and we are looking at the six advantages and benefits of cloud computing.

Cloud computing.

From the dictionary is the practice of using a network of remote servers hosted on the internet to store manage and process data rather than a local server or personal computer. Okay. So what does that mean well to really understand that we need to understand on premise and cloud providers. So now most people are using cloud providers such as.

AWS DCP or azure to run their actual workloads and.

Operator: And so this section really is about why go with a cloud provider over on-premise, okay? And so let's jump into the first point here. So we have trade capital expense for variable expenses.

And prior to that everyone was doing on premise. So what we would do with on premise is you would own the servers. So that'd be the hardware and the software you'd hire the people to configure those servers and those applications are you'd pay or rented the real estate to house. All of these are physical therapists and you would take all the risk now on premise.

Guest: So with on-premises, you would have to pay for your data centers and the servers. And so that would be an upfront cost, where with a cloud provider, you're paying on-demand. So you only pay when you consume those computing resources and pretty much nothing else, okay? Moving on to number two, we have the benefit of massive economies of scale.

Is still well at alive today and there is definitely good reasons to have an on premise solution, but a lot of companies are now starting to use our cloud providers and so cloud providers are like AWS, TCP and Azure as I said earlier.

Operator: So when you're using cloud computing, you have usage from hundreds of thousands of customers aggregated in the cloud. And so you are sharing the cost with other customers to get unbeatable savings, which you cannot get on-premises. The next point here is to stop guessing capacity. So eliminate guesswork about infrastructure capacity needs.

And so here its someone else owns the servers. So you are not responsible for that hardware and to different degrees. They will configure. The the software layer for you or you have control over it yourself depends on what kind of service you are using their hiring the I T people and they're watching these servers around the clock for you. So you don't have to.

Guest: So instead of paying for idle or underutilized servers, you can scale up or down to meet the current needs. So where on-premises, you would just buy your servers, and they would either be underutilized because they would be way too big for the job, or they're just not being utilized all the time. So moving on to number four, increase speed and agility.

Paper that and someone else is paying for or renting the real estate. So they are buying the real estate to house. These servers, which are data centers.

And now you have a shared responsibility so you're responsible for configuring, our cloud services and the code that you deploy.

Operator: So with cloud computing, you can launch resources within a few clicks, within minutes, instead of waiting days or weeks for your IT to implement the solution on-premises. Then, number five, we have to stop spending money on running and maintaining data centers. So the idea here is that if you don't have to pay for the servers, the IT staff, and a bunch of other stuff, then you can just focus on your customers, okay? So rather than that heavy lifting of racking, stacking, and powering servers.

Onto the services and so these cloud providers are going to take care of the rest for you. Okay. So that is generally what cloud computing it.

Hey, This is Andrew RASM exam pro and we are looking at these six advantages and benefits of cloud computing and so this section really is about why go with a cloud provider over on premise, okay, and so let's jump into the first point here. So we have trade capital expense for <unk>.

Bill expense so with on Prem you would have to pay for your data centers and the servers and so that would be an upfront cost where all with a cloud provider you are paying on demand. So you only pay when you consume those are computing resources and pretty much nothing else, okay moving onto <unk>.

Guest: And the last point here is go global in minutes. So deploy your app in multiple regions around the world with a few clicks. Provide low latency and a better experience for your customers at minimal cost.

Operator: And so when you have an on-premises environment, that data center is... I don't know how many people can afford multiple data centers, but with AWS and cloud computing, you're going to have a lot more reach, okay? So those are the six advantages and benefits of cloud computing. And this definitely shows up on the exam, so you do need to know these six points. Hey, this is Andrew Brown from Xamppro, and we are looking at the types of cloud computing. We have three here for you.

Two we have benefit from massive economics of scale. So when youre using cloud computing you have usage from hundreds of thousands of customers aggregated in the cloud and so you are sharing the cost with other customers to get unbeatable savings, which you cannot get on Prem.

The next point here is stopped guessing capacity, so eliminate guesswork about infrastructure capacity needs. So instead of paying for idle or underutilized servers, you can scale up or down to meet the current needs. So we're on Prem you would just buy your servers and they would either be underutilized because they would just be.

Guest: So we have Software as a Service, Platform as a Service, and Infrastructure as a Service. And you can see that we have this nice pyramid here. I promise you it's not a scheme. It's just a way of showing how one is built on top of another, okay?

Way too big for the job or they're just not being utilized all the time.

So moving onto a number for increased speed and agility. So with cloud computing you can launch resources within a few clicks.

Operator: So starting at the top here, we have Software as a Service, also known as SaaS. And this is for customers, okay? So the idea is that you have a completed product that is run and managed by the service provider. So you don't have to worry about how the service is maintained.

Within minutes instead of waiting days or weeks for your I T to implement the solution on Prem.

Number five we have stopped spending money on running a maintaining data centers.

So the idea here is that if you don't have to pay for the servers. The ITU staff and a bunch of other stuff. Then you can just focus on your customers. Okay. So rather than that heavy lifting of racking and stacking and powering servers and the last point here is our go global in minutes, so deploy your app.

Guest: It just works and remains available. So we have some examples of SaaS here. Maybe you'd have your Gmail or your Office 365 or your Salesforce, okay? Going down to Platform as a Service, this is really intended for developers. And it removes the need for your organization to manage the underlying infrastructure and focus on the deployment and management of your applications. So the idea here is you don't have to worry about provisioning, configuring, and understanding the hardware or OS. It just works. So you have an app. You should push it.

Up in multi multiple regions around the world with the with.

With a few clicks provide low latency and a better experience for your customers at minimal cost and so when you have an on prem environment that datacenter is I don't know how people can afford multiple data centers, but with AWS and cloud computing, you're going to have a lot more of reach okay. So those are the six advantages and benefits of <unk>.

Operator: So for AWS, you have Elastic Beanstalk. Then there's also Heroku, which is a very popular service. And then I believe there's one called, like, Engines for Google.

Cloud computing and it's definitely shows up on the example, you do need to know the six points.

Guest: And then the last one on our list here is Infrastructure as a Service, and this is really intended for admins. And so when you're using AWS, GCP, or Azure, this is what Infrastructure as a Service is. So it's the basic building blocks for cloud IT. It provides access to networking features, computers, and data storage space.

Hey, this is Andrew Brown from exam pro and we are looking at the types of cloud computing and we have three here for us. So we have software as a service platform as a service and infrastructure as a service and you can see that we have this nice pyramid here I promise you, it's not a scheme is.

Just a way of showing how one is built on top of another okay. So starting at the top here we have.

Operator: So you don't have to worry about IT staff, data centers, or hardware, but you have access to all those resources to build whatever you want, okay? And so obviously, if you wanted to build your own Platform as a Service, you'd build that on top of an Infrastructure as a Service. If you wanted to build your own Software as a Service, you could build that on top of a Platform as a Service or an Infrastructure as a Service.

Suffered as a service also known as SaaS and these are for customers. Okay. So the idea is that you have a completed product that is run and manage by the service providers. So you don't have to worry about how the services maintained it just works and it remains available. So we had some examples of us.

The SaaS is here, maybe you would have your Gmail or your office 365, or your sales force. Okay are going down to platform as a service. This is really intended for developers either removes the need for your organization to manage the underlying infrastructure and focus on the deployment and management of your applications. So the idea here is you don't have.

Guest: So, there you go. Hey, this is Andrew Brown from Exampro, and we are looking at cloud computing deployment models. So, there are three different kinds here, and so we're going to start with cloud on the left-hand side, work on to on-prem, and then talk about hybrid. So, cloud is where you are fully utilizing cloud computing. So, here I have a few services, such as Squarespace, Basecamp, and Dropbox, and they are very well suited for startups because they're extremely low cost. It's great for SaaS offerings where, with on-prem or hybrid, they might never get to the size where they need to deal with regulatory bodies, or it's just the nature of the applications is not that complicated.

To worry about provisioning configuring and understanding the hardware or less it just work. So you have an app you can push it so for AWS you have elastic bienstock.

Then theres also her roku, which is a very popular service and then I believe there's one called like engines for Google.

And then the last one on our list here is infrastructure of service and this is really intended for admins.

And so when youre using AWS DCP your Azure this is what.

Infrastructure as a service says, though it's the basic building blocks for cloud I'd. So it provides access to networking features computers and data storage space. So you don't worry about the ITC to app, the datacenters or the hardware, but you have access to all those resources to build whatever you want okay and so obviously, a if you wanted to build your own.

Operator: Or, if it's new projects or companies, they don't have red tape because they have existing infrastructure, and they can design it to be 100% on the cloud. So, now going on to on-prem. So, on-premise is when you are deploying resources on-premise using virtualization and resource management tools, and it's sometimes called a private cloud. And so, on-premise is still being utilized by a lot of companies today, and generally, you will see the public sector, so the government, has on-premise data centers. When you're dealing with super sensitive data, such as hospitals, you have health records, there is an aversion to putting that into the cloud, or you have large enterprises with heavy regulations, such as insurance companies.

Platform as a service you'd build it on top of it infrastructure service. If you wanted to build your own software. The service you could build that on top of a platform as a service or an infrastructure as a service. So there you go.

Hey, this is Andrew Baum from exam pro and we are looking at cloud computing deployment models. So there are three different kinds here and say, we're going to start with cloud on the left hand side work to on Prem and then talk about hybrid. So cloud is where you are fully utilizing cloud <unk>.

Puting. So here I have a few services such as square space base camp and Dropbox and is very well suited for startups because its extremely low cost.

Guest: And, I mean, these organizations are starting to soften and start utilizing the cloud, but there are still holdouts and reasons, both technical and business or political reasons, as to why you cannot use the cloud. Okay? Then you have hybrid, which is where you use a combination of both the cloud and on-prem, so you connect the two with hybrid services. And so, we see a lot of banks using this. We see fintech or investment management, or even large professional service providers. And a lot of the reasons why are that they can adopt the cloud, but they have legacy on-premise environments, or some of their customers or clients still are not comfortable with cloud computing.

It's great for our SaaS offerings, where our with on Prem or hybrid they might never get to the size, where they need to deal with our regulatory bodies or it's just the nature of the applications are not that complicated or if it's new projects or companies are they.

They don't have red tape, because they have existing infrastructure, okay, and they can designed to be a 100% on cloud. So now going on to on Prem. So on Prem is when you are deploying resources on premise using virtualization and resource management tools. It is sometimes called private cloud and so on Prem is.

Operator: So, in some capacity, they are using the cloud, but it's totally possible that if they started from day one, they would just use the cloud. So, here you can see I have CIBC, which is a bank, then you have the CPP Investment Board, that's an investment board in Canada, then you have Deloitte, which is a large professional services company. So, those are the three cloud computing deployment models. Hey, this is Andrew Brown from Exampro, and we are looking at AWS Global Infrastructure, and what we're going to figure out here is where all this cloud computing stuff runs. Okay? So we have 69 AZs within 22 geographical regions around the world, and we have lots of edge locations more than available AZs, but what does that all mean?

Still being utilized by a lot of companies today and generally youll see.

Public sector. So the government has on Prem data centers when you deal with Super sensitive data such as hospitals do you have like.

Health Records, there is an aversion to putting that into the cloud or you have large enterprises with heavy regulation, so our insurance companies.

And I mean are these organizations are starting to soften and start utilizing cloud, but there are still holdouts and Ah reasons, both technical and and business or political reasons as to why you cannot use cloud. Okay. Then you have hybrid and so hybrid is where you use a combination of.

Operator: So AWS serves over a million active customers in more than 190 countries, and they're steadily expanding their global infrastructure to help customers achieve low latency and higher throughput. And so that global infrastructure are regions, AZs, and edge locations. So a region is just a physical location in the world with multiple AZs, an AZ is one or more discrete data centers owned by AWS, and then edge locations are data centers owned by a trusted partner of AWS, or maybe owned by AWS themselves. And so now that we have that overview, we're going to jump into those three types of infrastructures. Hey, this is Andrew Brown from Exampro, and we are looking at regions for the AWS Global Infrastructure. A region is a geographically distinct location that has multiple data centers, also known as AZs for AWS, and I've highlighted geographically distinct in red because that is the most important thing you need to remember about regions. Every region is physically isolated from and independent of every other region in terms of location, power, and water supply.

Both clouds on Prem.

So you connect the two with hybrid services.

And so we see a lot of banks are using this we see fintech or investment management or even large professional service providers and a lot of the reasons why is that they can adopt cloud, but they have legacy on premise environments or some of their customers or clients start or not comfortable with cloud computing.

So in some capacity they are using a cloud, but it's totally possible that if they started from day one they would just only use cloud. So there you can see I have CIBC, which as a bank. Then you have the C. C. P. P investment board that the investment board in Canada that he had Deloitte, which is a large professional service. So those are the three cloud computing deployment model.

<unk>.

Yes.

Hey, this is Andrew Brown from exam pro and we are looking at areas global infrastructure and what we're going to figure out here is where does all this cloud computing stuff run. Okay. So we have 69 az's within 22 geographical regions around the world and we.

Guest: Every region has at least two AZs, so again, an AZ is a data center, so it has at least two data centers running within that region. The largest region for AWS is US East, so that's north of Virginia, and new services almost always become available first in US East, and not all services are available in all regions, okay? So if you definitely want to use a new feature or service via AWS, your best bet is to switch over to US East. And US East 1, which is again north of Virginia, is the region where you see all your billing information, all right? And you can just see here on the left-hand side, I have a bunch of flags for the countries where these regions run. I might not have all of them in here, but I definitely have a lot here, so you can see there's a lot of coverage here.

Have lots of agile locations more than available as these but what does that all means that eight of a serves over a million active customers in more than a 190 countries and they are steadily expanding their global infrastructure to help customers achieve low latency and higher throughput and so that global infrastructure, our regions, a Z that edge locations.

Our region is just a physical location in the world with multiple Az's at a Z is one or more discrete data centers owned by AWS and then edge locations. Our datacenter. It's owned by a trusted partner of AWS and maybe owned by AWS themselves and so now that we have that overview, we're going to jump into those three types of infrastructure.

Operator: So now that we know what a region is, let's just take a look at some of the features of regions, okay? So I just went over to the AWS website because I just wanted to show you a little bit more about regions visually. And so here we have, they say, region maps, but these are really just particular continents that house a bunch of regions. So looking at North America, you can see we have regions on the West Coast and the East Coast, and so we have Ohio, Oregon, Northern California, and we have Canada and Northern Virginia here, okay?

Hey, This is Andrew Brown from exam pro and we are looking at regions for the AWS global infrastructure and so a region is a geographically distinct location, which has multiple data centers also known as AZZ for AWS and the <unk>.

I've highlighted in red geographically distinct because that is the most important thing you need to remember about regions. Every region is physically isolated from an independent of every other region in terms of location power and water supply every region has at least two AZZ. So again in a Z as a datacenter. So it has at least two datacenters.

Guest: And so you can see in Canada, there are only two availability zones, and they are working on a third one. It was just recently announced. So AWS can always say that they have at least two AZs in every single region, but they're definitely coming close to being able to say they have at least three in every region, which is very important because most companies or enterprises have to run in at least three AZs. So now going on to South America, you can see that there is a single AZ here, and that is in Brazil. And then we have them over here in Europe, so we have a few here.

Running within that region, the largest region for AWS as the U S. East So that is north of Virginia.

At our new services, almost always be become available first in U S East and not all services are available in all regions. Okay. So you definitely want to use a new feature or service via AWS. Your best bet is to switch over to U S East and U S East, one, which again is north Virginia is the region.

Operator: We have London, Stockholm, Frankfurt, Paris, and Brahim, and sorry if I pronounced that wrong. I've forgotten already. Oh, and then we have Ireland. Okay. Sorry, Ireland.

Where you see all your billing information Alright, and you can just see here on the left hand side I have a bunch of flags.

Or are the countries, where these regions are run in here I might not have all of them in here, but I definitely have a lot here. So you can see there's a lot of coverage here. So now that we know what our region is let's just go take a look at some of the features of our regions. Okay. So I just hopped over to the AWS website, because I just wanted to show you a little bit more about.

Guest: I know you're there as well. Okay. And then on to Asia Pacific. So we have mainland China, Sydney, so I think that would be Australia there, Tokyo, so that's Japan. And then we have Brazil, so that's Korea.

Operator: I cannot say that, but that's another place in mainland China. And we have another place in Japan, and then Mumbai, so I believe that it is India. And then we have Hong Kong, so that's Hong Kong. Okay. So yeah, those are the regions. And then if we just hop over here to the regional table, this gives you an idea of what services are offered. So when we said that not all services are available, you can kind of see that, like, for example, that Amazon Connect is only available in a few regions. So, we have North Virginia and North Carolina. Okay. And then DeepLens is really only in Northern Virginia.

Regions visually and so here we have are they say region maps, but these are really just a particular continents that house a bunch of regions. So looking at North America, you can see we have regions on the west coast and the East Coast, and so we have Ohio, or Oregon, North, California, and we have Canada.

North Virginia here, Okay, and so you can see in Canada, there's only two availability zones and they are working on a third one that was just recently announce so AWS can always say that they at least have two AZ is in every single or.

Guest: So again, as I said, everything is Northern Virginia. You can see we have checkboxes all the way down here, and this is also broken up based on those geographical continents. So if I go here, you can see Ireland seems to be having all the ones in Europe. And then in Asia-Pacific, it looks like, I guess, Singapore.

Our region, but theyre definitely coming close to being able to say they have at least three in every region, which is very important because most companies or enterprises have to run in at least three a disease. So now going on to South America. You can see that there is a single region here and that is in <unk>.

Operator: Singapore looks like they have the majority of services there. Okay. So there you go. Hey, this is Andrew Brown from Exampro, and we are looking at Availability Zones, also known as AZs. So an AZ is a data center owned and operated by AWS in which AWS services run. Each region has at least two AZs, and AWS is getting pretty close to being able to say that they have at least three AZs in all regions. AZs are represented by a region code followed by a letter identifier.

Brazil, and then we have over here in Europe. So we have a few here, we have London, Stockholm, Frankfurt, Paris and <unk>.

Brought him I'm, sorry, if I pronounced that wrong I've I've forgotten already Oh, and then we have Ireland, Okay, sorry, Ireland, I know you're there as well.

And then onto Asia Pacific So we have a mainland China Sidney.

So I would think that that would be Australia, there Tokyo's that's Japan soles, so that is a korea.

Guest: So US East 1 is the region, that would be North Virginia, and A is the data center, okay? And so from North Virginia, there are six AZs, so you'd have A, B, C, D, E, F, okay? Then we want to just talk about the concept of multi-AZs, so this is when you're distributing your instances across multiple Availability Zones, which allows for failover configuration for handling requests when one AZ goes down, okay?

I cannot say that but that's another place in mainland China and we have another place in Japan.

And then our Mumbai is I believe that is India and then we have Hong Kong. So that's all gone okay.

So yeah. Those are the regions and then we just hop over here to the regional table. This gives you an idea of what services are offered so when we said that not all services are available you can kind of see that like for example that Amazon connect is only available in a few regions. So we have north Virginia, and North Carolina, Okay, and then depot.

Operator: So that is very useful. And then one more thing we want to note is that the latency between Availability Zones is sub-10 milliseconds, okay? So these AZs are purposely positioned to be exactly that far apart, okay?

Items really is only in northern Virginia, So again, what as I said everything is north of Northern Virginia, you can see we have check boxes, all the way down here and this is also broken up based on.

Guest: And so there you go. Hey, this is Andrew Brown from Xamppro, and we are looking at edge locations, and this is all about getting data fast or uploading data fast to AWS. So, an edge location is a data center owned by a trusted partner of AWS, which has a direct connection to the AWS network.

Those geographical continent. So if I go here you can see Ireland seems to be have and all the ones in Europe, and then in Asia Pacific It looks like.

I guess then of course at a bar it looks like they have.

The majority of services there. Okay. So there you go that is.

Hey, This is Andy ran from exam pro and we are looking at availability zones also known as a Z. So uneasy as a datacenter owned and operated by AWS in which 80 plus services run.

Operator: These locations serve requests for CloudFront and Rev53, and requests going to either of these services will be routed to the nearest edge location automatically. So, we also have S3 Transfer Acceleration and API Gateway, and the idea here is that this is where you want to upload data quickly to AWS. You're going to use these two services to hit a special endpoint at an edge location to then transfer stuff quickly via the AWS network, okay? So, the whole takeaway from this is that edge locations allow for low latency no matter where the end user is geographically located.

Each region has at least two a Z and AWS is getting pretty close to being able to say that they have at least three AZ. Then all regions. As these are represented by a region code followed by a letter identifier. So U S is one is the region that would be north Virginia, and a is the datacenter, okay and so for North Virginia, there are six.

A disease, so you'd have a b C. D. E. F. Okay. Then we want to just talk on the concept of multi gig Z. So this is why you're distributing or instances across multiple availability zones, which allows for fail over configuration for handling requests one one as he goes down okay. So.

Guest: All right, so we're back on the AWS website here, where we were looking at regions earlier, but this time, I want to give attention to edge locations. So, edge locations are the little blue dots here, and you can see there are a lot of them, okay? And so, down below, we have an idea of how many edge locations there are. You can see that there are a lot.

That is very useful and then one more thing one of note is that the latency between availability zones is sub 10 milliseconds. Okay. So there are these as these are purposely positioned.

Positioned to be exactly that far apart okay.

And so there you go.

Yeah.

Hey, this is Andrew Brown from exam pro and we are looking at edge locations and this is all about getting data fast or uploading it a fast to AWS. So I'd urge location is a data center owned by a trusted partner of AWS, which has a direct connection to the AWS network. These locations serve requests for cloud front and are rapidly three and request going to either of these.

Operator: So, even just in Atlanta alone, there are five, and so they definitely outnumber availability zones, okay? So, just to give you an idea, those are the ones for North America. Then down below, we have just a few there, okay, for Brazil. Then in Europe, we have quite a few here.

Services will be routed to the nearest edge location automatically.

Guest: And then in Asia Pacific, we have more edge locations. So, there you go. That's the edge locations. Hey, this is Andrew Brown from Xamppro, and we're going to take a look at GovCloud, okay? And so GovCloud is a very special region that allows customers to host sensitive, controlled, unclassified information and other types of regulated workloads. And so the GovCloud region is only operated by employees who are U.S. citizens and who live in the United States or on U.S. soil. So it's definitely not something that I can use because you have to be a U.S. identity and root account holder who pass a screening process in order to use this particular region. So who is this very special region for?

So and we also have S. Three transfer acceleration and API gateway and the idea here is that this is where you want to upload data quickly to AWS, you're going to use these two services to hit a special end point.

At an education to then transfer stuff quickly via the Avis network. Okay. So the whole takeaway from this is that as locations allow for low latency no matter, where the end user is geographically located alright. So were back on the AWS website here, where we were looking at regions earlier, but this time I want to give.

Operator: It's for customers that need to architect secure cloud solutions that comply with FedRAMP, the Department of Justice, the U.S. International Traffic and Arms Regulation, Export Administration Regulations, and the Department of Defense, okay? So it just makes it a lot easier if you are working in the U.S. with these government bodies in order to utilize cloud computing, okay? So I just hopped back over here on the AWS Global Infrastructure Regions page because I just wanted to highlight these GovCloud regions. So there actually are two. There is one on U.S. West and U.S. East. As far as I'm aware of, there aren't any other GovClouds other than for the U.S. at this time.

Attention to edge locations. So educations are the little blue dots here and you can see there are a lot of them, okay, and so down below we have an idea of how many of your locations. There are you can see that there are a lot. So even just in Atlanta alone there are five.

And so they are definitely outnumber availability zones. Okay. So just to give you an idea of those are the ones for north.

North America, then down below we have just a few there okay for Brazil, then in Europe, we have a quite a few here and then in Asia Pacific We have a more edge locations. So there you go that's edge locations.

Hey, this is Andrew Brown from exam pro and we're going to take a look at Gov cloud, Okay, and so Gov cloud is a very special region that allows customers to how sensitive controlled unclassified information and other types of regulated workloads. So the Gov cloud region is only operate.

Guest: Maybe in the future, AWS will have it for other countries, but for the time being, it's just the U.S. And just to look at the GovCloud page here in more detail, you can see all the nice graphics here that address security and compliance. So if you want to build something and sell it to the government or government-related industries, by using GovCloud, you are going to become compliant, OK, and that's going to make business a lot easier for you. So, yeah, that's all you need to know. Hey, this is Andrew Brown from ExamPro, and I'm going to show you how to get set up with your AWS account. So, here I am on the AWS homepage, and we have two buttons that we can click on. Click the one here in the middle, or click the big orange button to create your account. I like to press the orange one, so that's what I'm going to go ahead and do here, okay?

Employees, who are U S citizens and U S. We're on U S soil. So it's definitely not something that I can use.

Because you have to be a U S identity.

And route account holders, who pass a screening process in order to use this particular region. So who is this very special region for it's for customers.

That need to architect secure cloud solutions that comply with fed ramp the department of Justice. The U S International traffic in arms regulation export administration regulations and the department of defense. Okay. So it just makes it a lot easier if you're working in the U S. With these government bodies.

Operator: Okay, great. And so now we're going to be presented with a form here. So I'm going to go ahead here and just fill in an email address. So I'm going to do andrewfplusfresh at exampro.co since this is a new account. Okay, and I'm just going to supply some kind of password here. I'm going to call this exampro, a new account.

In order to utilize cloud computing, okay. So I just hopped back over here on the Avis global infrastructure regions page because I just wanted to highlight here are those Gov cloud region. So there actually are too there is one on U S West and U S East as far as I'm aware of there arent any other gov clouds other than for <unk>.

Guest: Okay, and I'm just going to go ahead here and continue. So now, in order to create this account, we're going to have to provide some additional information here. So I'm just going to mark this as personal, and I'm going to fill in this information here, okay?

U S. At this time, maybe in the future AWS, we'll have it for other countries but for.

For the time being it's just the U S and just to look at the Gov Cloud page here in more detailed here you can see all the nice graphics here for that address security and compliance. So if you want to build something and sell it to the government or government government related industries by using Gov cloud you're going.

Operator: And so I'm just going to have to go here and fill that in. Okay, okay, now I have that information filled in there, and so I'm just going to have to check here to say that I agree to their customer agreement. Okay, and we can go ahead and create our account. Now, in order to use AWS, you have to have a valid credit card. You cannot use AWS without a credit card.

To become compliant, okay, and that's gonna make business a lot easier for you. So yeah. That's all you need to know.

Hey, this is Andrew Brown from exam pro and I'm going to show you how to get set up with your AWS account. So here I am on the AWS homepage and we have two buttons that we can click on cook. The one here in the middle or click the big Orange button to greater account I like that.

Guest: OK, so that's just something that you're going to have to do. So I'm going to just go ahead here and provide my credit card here. OK. All right.

The Orange one so that's what I'm going to go ahead and do here okay.

Operator: So now I have all my information filled in here. So I'm just going to go ahead and verify and add. Okay, and then it just wants to also verify my phone number. This is definitely something that's required, so I'm just going to provide my phone number here.

Okay, great and so now we're gonna be presented with a forum here. So I'm going to go ahead here and just fill in an email if they're going to do Andrew.

Plus fresh at exam Pro Doc has since this is a a fresh account, okay and I'm just going to have supply of some kind of password here I'm going to call. This exam pro or for Russia, count, Okay, and I'm just gonna go ahead here and continue.

Guest: Okay, great. My phone number is in there. I'm just going to supply the security check here, so we'll just fill that in. Okay, and then we will just send an SNS and confirm. Great, so that text message came in here, so I'm just going to fill in the confirmation here. 448.

So now in order to create this account we're going to have to provide some additional information here. So I'm just going to ask this as a personal and I'm going to fill in this information here.

Operator: Okay. And great, so now we're verified. Okay, so now we are going to choose our support plan. We're definitely going to go with the Basic plan here. Great, and so now we just have a little bit of information here. I don't really need to do any of this.

Okay.

So I'm just going to have to go here and fill that in.

Okay.

So now I have that information filled in there and so I'm just going to have to check here to say that I agreed to their customer agreement, Okay, and we can go ahead and create our count.

Now in order to use AWS you have to have a valid credit card you cannot use AWS without a credit card okay.

Guest: I'm just ready to sign into the console. Great, so now that we've created our account, I believe we could probably go ahead and sign up here. I'm not sure if we have to confirm our email because we did confirm by phone number, but let's just give it a go here and see if we can log in, okay?

So that's just something that you're going to have to do.

So I'm going to just go ahead here and provide my credit card here. Okay. Alright. So now I have all my information field in here. So I'm just going to go ahead and verify an ad.

Okay, and then now just wants to also verify on my phone number and this is definitely something that's required. So I'm just going to provide my phone number here. Okay. Great. My phone number is in there I'm just going to supply the a security check here. So we'll just fill that in.

Operator: So we'll just put that in there, provide the pathway. Great, so we have made it into this AWS account here. So this new account is a real life, so there you go, and maybe we'll just have to poke around here to see if there's anything else we need to do, but yeah, we're in good shape. Hey, this is Andrew Brown from Exam Pro.

Okay, and then we will just Senate SNS and confirm great. So that text message came in here. So I'm just going to fill in the confirmation hearing zero.

Guest: And what we're going to do now is make sure you do not get overbilled. And there are three ways we're going to do that. So there are some billing preferences we're going to set. We're going to set up a budget, enable budgets. And we're also going to create a billing alarm. OK, I'm just going to talk to you through the advantages and disadvantages of some of these things.

448, okay.

And great. So now were verified.

Okay. So now we are going to choose our support plan a we're definitely going to go with the basic here.

Great and so now we just have a little bit of information here.

I don't really need to do any of this I'm just ready to go sign into the console.

Great. So now that we've created or account I believe we could probably go ahead and sign up here I'm not sure. If we have to confirm our email because we did confirm by phone number but let's just give it a go here and see if we can log in okay.

Operator: And also just make sure we do not get overbilled within our account. So the first thing I want you to do is I want you to make your way over to support or, sorry, maybe under your account here. You're going to go to my billing dashboard. And when you get over here, I want you to click on the left side here and go to billing preferences, OK? And so we're going to have a bunch of preferences here, and they're all really good. So the first one is to receive a PDF invoice by email.

So, we'll just put that in there.

I will just provide the password.

Great. So we have made it into this AWS account here. So this new account is.

Realized so there you go.

And they will just have to poke around here to see if there's anything else we need to do but yeah. We're in good shape.

Yes.

Hey, this is Andrew Brown from exam pro and what we're going to do now is make sure you do not get overbuilt and there are three ways, we're going to do that so there are some billing preferences. We're gonna set we're going to set up.

Guest: I would check that on to receive free tier usage alerts. This is definitely important because if you have a free account, you want to know when you are going outside that free tier. And so then you just provide your email address there. So I'm just going to do Andrew plus fresh at exampro.co there.

A budget neighbors budgets and we're also going to create a building alarm. Okay. I'm just going to talk to you also through as tool like the vantage. The disadvantages of some of these things and also just make sure we do not get overbuild within our account. So the first thing I want you to do is I want you to make your way over to support or sorry, maybe under your account here I'm going to go to my billing dash.

Operator: And then we have received billing alerts. OK, and you definitely want to turn that on. And there are these detailed billing reports down here. This is a legacy feature.

Guest: This has now been replaced by cost and usage reports. OK, so it's not necessary to turn that on. And I actually do show you how to use cost and usage reports somewhere in this course.

<unk> Board and when you get over here I want you to click on the left hand side here and go to billing preferences, Okay, and so we're going to have a bunch of preferences here and they're all really good. So the first one is to receive a PDF invoiced by email I would check that on receive a free tier usage alerts. This is definitely important because if you have a free account you want.

Operator: So we will cover that later. But anyway, make sure these are all three ticked on. Provide your email address and save your preferences, OK?

I know when you are going outside that free tier and so then you just provide your email there. So I'm just gonna do Andrew plus rush at exam pro.

Guest: And now you're going to be in the loop about some of your billing information, OK? So now that we have these preferences set up, let's make our way over to AWS budgets. So I want to go to the top here, and we're going to type in a budget. OK. And so what budgets do is they allow you to tell you whether you are getting over or whether you are going over your defined budget, and it's going to also provide some forecast costs to you as well.

And then we have received billing alerts, okay, and you definitely want to turn that on and there is this detailed billing reports down here. This is a legacy feature. This has now been replaced with cost and usage reports, okay. So it's not necessary to turn that on and I actually do show you how to use.

Cost and usage somewhere in this course here. So we will cover that but anyway nature of these or all three ticked on it provide your email and seeger preferences, Okay, and now youre going to be in the loop of some of your billing information okay.

Operator: Okay, so now that AWS Budgets here has loaded, what I want you to do is create a new budget. You get two free budgets in AWS, so we can definitely set two there. It's two cents a day for budgets.

So now that we have all these preferences setup.

Guest: And so that doesn't sound like a lot, but if you make your third budget, it's going to cost you $14 a month, okay? So for more additional ways of tracking costs, we're going to use BillionLions, which are really inexpensive or free, but we'll do budgets first because it's good to at least have one budget set here for all costs. So here I'm just going to say the overall costs, okay? All right, and we will leave it at that. I can't remember if it was overall one or two Ls.

Let's make our way over to Avis budget. So I want to go to the top here and we're going to type in budgets.

Yeah.

And so what budgets do is they allow you to tell you or whether you are getting over or whether you are going over year defined budget or it's going to also provide some forecast cost to you as well. Okay. So now that aided with budgets here has loaded what I want you to do is create a new budget you get two free.

Operator: I think it's two. We want this to be a recurring budget. We're gonna have a fixed cost, and we're gonna set something very low, such as $20, okay? Since we are using, again, the free tier, we should not be expecting to see a bill for quite a while, and $20 is a good low bill there. And we definitely want all costs unblended, so this is great, and everything is checkboxed there, so we'll go ahead here and configure alerts, and we're going to provide our email again, so I'm gonna do andrewplusfreshatexampro.co, okay? And we'll just hit add there. It's already been added. You could also use SNS, but we're gonna leave that alone, and we can also get alerted when we are approaching it, so we haven't surpassed 100%, but actually, I'm just gonna set it to 100, because $20 to me is not a lot, and we can do this for actual or forecasted amounts.

Budgets in AWS, So we can definitely set to there.

It's two <unk> per day for our budgets and so that doesn't sound like a lot, but if you have major third budget, it's going to cost you $14 per month, okay. So for more additional ways of tracking on our Clos, We're gonna use billion lines, which really are inexpensive or <unk> or free, but we'll do Budd.

That's first because it's good to at least have one budget set here for all costs. So here I'm, just going to say overall costs. Okay.

Alright.

And we will leave it a monthly here I cant remember of overall is one or two LS I think it's too high.

We want this to be a reoccurring budget, we're going to have a fixed cost and we're going to set us on something very low such as $20. Okay. Since we are using again the free tier we should not be expecting to see a bill for quite a while and $20 is a good low build there and we definitely want all cost on blended.

Guest: I'm going to leave that for real, okay? and I'm going to go ahead there and create that budget. All right. And so we don't have any information here, but if I just give it a hard refresh. So if you are using an account where you're doing stuff, if you refresh there, you'll probably see more information. Okay, great. So we've created a budget. Now that we have our budget created there, let's go make a billing alarm for a higher amount, okay? So, what I want you to do is go to services and type in CloudWatch.

So this is great and everything is checkbox. There. So we'll go ahead here configure alerts and we're going to keep provider email again, Andrew plus fresh at exam.

<unk> okay.

And what does it add there its already been added you could also use SNS, but we're going to leave that alone.

And we can also get alerted when we are approaching it. So we haven't surpassed a 100%, but actually I'm just going to set it to 100, because $20 to me is not a lot. We can do this for actual or forecasted.

I'll leave that for actual okay.

Operator: Okay. And once we are over here, we're going to make our way over to alarms. All right, and so we're going to make our way over to billing here, and what it's going to tell us is that we need to switch regions because billing metrics always live in U.S. East 1. OK, so generally, it's always good to switch to that region there.

And I'm going to go ahead, there and create that budget.

Alright, and so we don't have any information here, but if I just give it a hard refresh. So if you're if you are using account where you're doing stuff. If you do a refresh there youll probably see more information, okay, great and so we've created a budget.

So now that we have our budget created there I'll, let's go make ability alarm for a higher amount. Okay. So what I want you to do is go to services and type in KOL outwatch. Okay.

Guest: So what we'll do is we'll go up to the top here and switch to U.S. East 1. OK. And so now if we go to Billing, we can now set our billing alarm, okay? So notice down here that we get 10 free alarms and 1,000 free email notifications. So it's definitely more free than Budgets, okay?

And once we are over here, we are going to make our way over to alarms.

Alright, and so we're going to make our way over to a billing here and what it's going to tell us is that we need to switch regions because billing metrics always live in U S. East one okay. So generally it's always good to switch to that region. There. So what we'll do is we'll go up to the top here and switch to U S East one okay.

Operator: But Budgets does have a lot more functionality, so you can definitely use both, okay? So here I'm creating a new billing alarm, and I'm just going to scroll down here, and we can set the amount. So here I'm just going to set a larger amount, such as $100. And so if it's greater or equal to that, then it will alert me, okay? And we'll leave CAD and estimated charges there alone. Now, we'll look at some additional configuration. This is all good. We'll hit Next, okay?

And so now if we go to billing we can now set our building alarm okay.

So.

No it's down here that we get 10 free alarms and 1000 free email notifications so its.

It's definitely a more free then budgets, okay, but budgets does have a lot more functionality there, but you can use definitely use both okay. So here I'm, creating a new ability alarm and I'm just going to scroll down here and we can set the amount. So here I'm just going to set a larger amounts such as $100.

Guest: And then the next thing is we need it to actually notify us, so we're going to say add notification here, and oh, I think I already had one here, so it's not necessary, but we needed to send it to something, so it's going to need an SNS topic. We don't have one, so we'll create a new one, okay, and we can call this um, notify me. Okay, and then I Okay, and we will hit Create Topic. And then we'll go ahead and hit next, and we'll just say. So it's a $100 building alarm. I don't know if it will let you do spaces there, so out of habit, I always leave out spaces.

And so if it's greater or equal to that.

Dan is going to alert me, Okay, and we'll leave CAD and estimated charges. There alone will look at some additional configuration. This is all good will hit next okay.

And then the next thing is we need it to actually notify us that we're going to say add notification here.

And Oh, I think I already had one here so it was not necessary, but we needed to send it to something so it's going to need an SNS topic, we don't have ones will create a new one okay and we've called this notify me.

Operator: Great, and so we're just previewing it here, so we'll just scroll down. This all looks good. And so now we have a billing alarm. So, you know, it's not uncommon to create multiple billing alarms. So you could have one at 100 and then 150 and 200, just so you can keep track of that stuff.

Okay, and then I'll just provide my email there again.

Okay, and we will hit create topic.

And then we'll go ahead and hit next.

And we'll just say.

So that $100, a 100 <unk> hundred billing alarm.

Guest: And of course, you definitely want to make use of AWS Budgets, so you have two there that you can utilize. So maybe once you start using your account and you use a lot of EC2 instances, and you just want to monitor that, you create a budget for that. But yeah, we have all the bases covered here.

I don't know if at all that you do spaces. There. So I'll I'll just out of habit I always leave out spaces, great and so we're just previewing a here. So let's go down this all looks good and so now we have a building alarm. So you know it's not uncommon to create multiple billing alarms. So you could have wanted 100, and 150 and 200 to say you can keep track of that stuff.

Operator: And the only thing that is left to do is to confirm the email that was sent out to us so that our billing alarm... It will take effect, okay? All right, so that notification was sent to me for the billing alarm on Notify Me. So it's just me subscribing to that SNS topic.

And of course, you definitely want to make use of a diverse budgets. So you have to there that you can utilize so maybe once you start using your count and you use the legacy two instances and you just want to monitor that you create a budget for that but yeah. We have all bases covered here.

Guest: I guess we only have to do this once, and I think we'll add additional ones we won't have to confirm. But I'm just going to go ahead here and hit confirmation. Okay, and so now that is confirmed there. Okay. And I think if I do a refresh here, it should say that this is now different. Okay, so this has nothing there, which is good.

And the only thing that is left to deal with we need to confirm this the email that was sent out to us so that our ability alarm.

It will take effect okay.

Alright, so that notification was sent to me.

For the building alarm there for notify me. So it's just me subscribing to that as an as topic I guess, we don't have to do is once I think we add additional ones, we won't have to confirm.

Operator: So yeah, we are all set up, and we don't have to worry about getting overbuilt. All right, so there's a little bit more work we need to do to have our account fully set up so we can start working with AWS. And what I want you to do is make your way over to IAM. So just go up here and type in IAM. If you click that link, you'll end up in the same place that I am here.

I'm just gonna go ahead hearing confirmation, okay, and so now that is confirm there okay.

And I think of idea of a refresh here it should say that this is now a different state.

Okay. So just there's nothing there which is good. So yeah. We are all set up and we don't have to worry about getting overbuilt.

Alright, so theres a little bit more work, we need to do to have or account fully set up. So we can start working with AWS and what I want you to do is make your way over two I am. So just go up here and typing I am if you click that there you'll end up in the same place that I am here and so we have a.

Guest: And so we have a bunch of recommendations here that AWS wants us to do. So we need to turn on MFA for our root account. We need to create individual users because we generally do not want to be using the root account, which is what we're logged in as right now.

A bunch of recommendations here are that avs wants us to do so we need to turn MFA on a root account, we need to create individual users because we generally do not want to be using the root account, which is what were logged in as right now.

Operator: We'll have to set some groups and assign permissions and apply an IAM password policy. So let's go ahead and do that. But just before we do, I just want to make it easier for us to sign in. So what we can do here is change this URL. So just go ahead here and customize it. And we're just going to say exam pro fresh.

And we will have to set some groups and assign permissions and apply and I am password policies. So let's go ahead and do that but just before we do I just wanted to make it easier for us to sign in us and what we can do here is changed this year L. So just go ahead here and customize and we're just going to say exam pro fresh okay.

Guest: OK. And that is a unique name. So if you type in something and it says it's not or it's taken, you'll just have to change it until you get something that you like. So now that we have that set up, let's go turn on MFA. So we're going to want to turn on MFA for this account, specifically the root account here. And the reason why is that, let's say someone stole your email and password for this root account; then they would be able to do some serious damage. So by turning on MFA, there's going to be an additional layer of security. So the idea is that when somebody logs in, they're going to have to provide an additional code based on the MFA delivery mechanism.

And that is a unique name. So if you type in something and it says it's not or it's taken you'll just have to change it until you get something that you like so now that we have that set up let's go turn on MFA.

So we're going to want to turn on MFA for this account specifically the root account here and the reason why is that let's say someone stole your email and password to the root account than they would be able to use some serious damage. So by turning on MFA there.

Going to be an additional layer of security. So the idea is when somebody logs and theyre going to have to provide an additional code based on the MFA delivery mechanism. So just let's go here ahead manage MFA.

Operator: So just let's go here and hit Manage MFA. Okay, so it's going to pop up here and just say what we're already doing, which is to start securing our account. And so I'm just going to click off there, go to MFA, and activate MFA. And so now we're going to be presented with three options: we have virtual, UTF, and other hardware. So virtual reality is going to be for mobile devices; that's what we're going to do. So we're just going to go ahead there and hit continue. Okay, and what we want to do is install a compatible application on our phone. So just going over here, and if we scroll down, it's going to tell us which ones are compatible. I definitely know Authenticator is one, so I'm just going to search for that there. Where are you?

Okay, and so its going to pop up here and just say, what we're already doing which is to start securing our count and so I'm just going to click off their go to MFA and activate MFA and so now we're going to be presented with three options. We have virtual argued.

U T F and other hardware so virtual is going to be for mobile devices and that's what we're going to do so we're just going to go ahead, there and hit continue Okay and what we wanted to do is we want to install a compatible application on our phone to just going over here, if we scroll down its going to tell us which ones are compatible I definitely know authenticator as one so I'm just.

Going to search for that there.

Where are you yeah down here, so if you're an Android or iPhone you have after two or Google Authenticator, I'm using Google Authenticator I find that more easy to use and then the idea here is you'll just hit show QR code and then using once you have authenticator installed youre going to open up the authenticator App I know you can't see me doing this so I'll just have.

Guest: Yeah, down here. So if you're on Android or iPhone, you have Auth2 or Google Authenticator. I'm using Google Authenticator because I find that more easy to use. And then the idea here is you'll just hit show QR code. And then once you have Authenticator installed, you're going to open up the Authenticator app. And it's going to show me doing this.

Operator: So I'll just have to talk my way through it here. And there's a plus button in Google Authenticator, and it says, "Scan a barcode." And so now I'm holding my phone up to the computer there; it's grabbed the code, it saved the secret. Now what I need to do is enter two consecutive codes. So going down here, I'm going to enter this code in before it expires. So this one is 786.

To talk my way through it here.

And Ah, there's a plus button and Google Authenticator, and it says scan a barcode and so now I'm holding my mic.

Phone up to the computer there it's grabbed the coded save the secret. So now what I need to do is enter into consecutive codes are going down here.

I'm going to answer this code and before it expires. So this one is 786763 and then Theres a little wheel that is spinning and it's going to then give us a new set of numbers, okay and so now it is now 984.

Guest: 763, and then there's a little wheel that is spinning, and it's going to give us a new set of numbers. Okay, so now it is now 9-8-4. 816.

816.

Operator: And so I'm just going to hit assign MFA, and now MFA is turned on. So now that we have MFA turned on, we can make our way back to our dashboard and proceed to the next step, www.heritagerd.com. So now we're going to proceed to create our own user because, again, we do not want to be using the root account. This should be rarely used, and we should just create ourselves a user. So we'll hit manage users here. We're going to hit add user. I'm going to create a new one called Andrew Brown.

And so I'm just going to hit assign MFA, there and now it MFA has turned on so now that we have MFA turned on we can make our way back to a dashboard and proceed to the next step.

So now we're going to proceed to create ourselves our own user because again, we do not want to be using the root account. This should be a rarely used and we should just create ourselves user. So it will hit manage users here.

We're going to hit AD user and I'm going to create any one called Andrew Brown, we're going to give it pragmatic access and access to the console, we're going to let it auto generate a password for us and we're going to make sure that it requires a password reset in the next time this user logs in going to permissions. We don't have any groups that we're going to create a group here and we're going to call This group and <unk>.

Guest: We're going to give it pragmatic access and access to the console. We're going to let it auto generate a password for us, and we're going to make sure that it requires a password reset the next time this user logs in. Going to Permissions, we don't have any groups, so we're going to create a group here and we're going to call this group "admin" or "admins," I should say, and we're going to give it administrator access. Now, generally, you don't want to be giving too many users administrator access because this gives you full access just like a root account, but for our purposes here, this is totally fine. It's not unusual to have one or two admins within your entire account, but generally, you want to set most people as power users. Okay, and this gives you full access, but there are some limitations, such as you don't have the ability to manage users and groups.

Admin or admins, I should say and we're going to give it administrators access now generally you don't want to be giving too many users admin axis because it gives you full access just like your account, but for our purposes. Here. This is totally fine it's not unusual to have one or two admins within your entire account, but generally your wall.

Since you said most people as power user okay and this is.

It gives you full axis, but there are some limitations such as you don't have the ability to manage users and groups. So a power user is a very good one here, but for this one here we are going to stick with admin I'm going to hit create group.

Operator: So Power User is a very good one here, but for this one, we are going to stick with Admin. I'm going to hit Create Group. And we are going to go ahead and hit next and review, and we will hit create user. And so now, what it will do is we're going to get an access key ID, a secret, and a password. So I'm just going to show those here, and I'm just going to copy those off the screen.

And we are going to go ahead to hit next and review.

And we will hit create user and so now what it will do is we're going to get an access key I E. A secret and a password. So I'm just going to expose those here and I'm just going to copy these off screen Alright, and then we will just proceed.

Guest: All right. And then we will just proceed. Okay, so I just copied at least my password off the screen here, and what I'm going to do next is I'm going to make my way back to the IAM console. So we'll just go up here, Services, and we can just type in IAM. Okay, and so now we have done pretty much everything here except for setting a password policy. So just before we go ahead and set a password policy, what I want to do is I want to log in as this new user. So we have this nice long URL here, so I want you to copy that URL, and what we're going to do is we're going to log out and now log in as that new user.

Here.

Okay. So I, just copied or at least my password off screen here and what I'm going to do next is I'm going to make my way back to the I M console. So I'll just go up your services and we can just type in I am.

Okay, and so now we have done pretty much everything here, except for setting a password policy. So just before we go ahead and set a password policy what I want to do is I want you are logging to this new user. So we have this nice longer.

We're all here so I want you to do coffee that you're L and what we're going to do is we're going to log out and now a log in as.

That new user okay. So let's go ahead here and log out.

Guest: Okay, so I'll just go ahead here and log out. Great, so I'm logged out here, and the way we can get to that page is we can paste in that URL up here, which will bring us to the console. And so you can always use that link, or if you can remember that alias, you can always just go to the console and type it in there. So my name is Andrew Brown here.

Great sign logged out here and so the way we can get to that page is we can pace and that you're all up here, which will bring us to the council.

And so you can you can always use that link or if you can remember that alias you could always just go to the council and type it in there and so my name was Andrew Brown here I'm, just going to go off screen and grab my password.

Operator: I'm just going to go off screen and grab my password, and I'm just going to hit sign in here. All right, and now I just need to reset my password here, so I'm going to provide the old password, and we are going to set a new password. Great, and so now I'm logged in not as the root user but as a new user I've created. And just one more thing here; I want to go back to IAM here.

And I'm just going to hit site in here, Alright, and so now I just need to reset my password here, so I'm going to provide the old password and we are going to set a new password.

Yeah.

Great and so now I'm logged in not as the root user, but as a new user I've created and just one more thing here I want to go back to you I am here and the reason I want to go back here is that I exposed my access kian and password to you and anytime that acts.

Guest: And the reason I wanna go back here is that I exposed my access key and password to you, and anytime that actually happens, what you're gonna wanna do is go to your user account there, and I'm gonna go to Andrew Brown here, and we're gonna go to our security credentials. And you can see that was that access key, and you saw that password. So what I can do is I can make it inactive, and then I can create myself another access key. And I'm not gonna show you the secret this time around, but it's just, you know, anytime you accidentally share your credentials, you're definitely going to want to reset them there. And the password that you saw earlier doesn't matter, because I reset my password when I logged in here, okay?

He happens we're going to want to do is go to your user there.

And I'm Gonna go to Andrew Brown here I'm going to go to our security credentials and you can see that was that axis key and you saw that password. So what I can do is I can make it inactive and then I can create myself another access key and I'm not going to show you. The secret this time around but it's just.

You know anytime you actually show your credentials, you're definitely going to want to reset them, there and the path or that you saw earlier it doesn't matter because I reset my password when I logged in here. Okay. So now that that is all set up.

Operator: So now that that is all set up, what we will do is log out of this account, and we will log back in as the root account, and we will actually set up a password policy. OK, and I just want to show you that when I go to sign into the console, it's going to show me this filled in. And so whenever we're logging in as the root account, we actually have to click this link down below. And so, we would just type in our email address here, but if I wanted to log back in as that user, I could just type in examprofresh, and it would bring me back here, and I would fill in this information. But if you're always logging in as the root user, I'm just going to click back there. It's always your email.

What we'll do is we'll log out of this count and we will log back in as the root account to set up a password policy.

Okay and I just wanted to show you when I go to sign into the console is going to show me. This filled in and so whenever we're logging as the root account, we actually have to click this link down below.

And so we would just type in our email here, but if I wanted a log back in as that user I could just typing here exam pro fresh and it would bring me back to here and I would feel in this information.

But if you're always logging in as the user owners can click back there. It's always your email I know, that's a little bit confusing, but that's just how it works.

Guest: I know it's a little bit confusing, but that's just how it works. And so this time around, I got the MFA, so I can't just log in willy-nilly. So I'm just going to use my phone, and I'm going to open up Authenticator, and I have to provide that code, okay? So it's those numbers again. So this one's going to be 904. 361.

And so at this time around I got the MFA. So I can't just log in Willy Nilly. So I'm just going to use my phone and I'm going to open up authentic cater and I have to provide it that code. Okay. So it's those numbers against this one's gonna be 9043.

361.

Operator: I'm going to hit submit, and so now I'm back into my account, and we'll make our way back to IAM and do that last step there. And so we just have one more thing that AWS wants us to do, and that's apply an IAM password policy. So we'll go down here and click Manage Password Policy. And so what we can see is a bunch of stuff, and we really just care about this part up here.

I can hit submit.

And so now I'm back into my Count and we'll make our way back to I am and do that last up there.

And so we just have one more thing that AWS wants us to do and Thats applied I am password policies that will go down here and click managed password policy and so what we can see is a bunch of stuff and we really just care about this part up here, So I'll set password policy and.

Guest: So I'll set the password policy. And now we can see some rules. So you can enforce the minimum characters. You can require at least one uppercase, one lowercase, at least one number, require at least one of these, and enable password expiration.

Now we can see some rules. So you can enforce the minimal characters you're going to require at least one upper case, one lower case.

At least one number are require at least one of these enable password exploration.

Operator: Yeah, I could do that, I suppose. Password expiration requires an admin reset, maybe not. Allow users to change their own passwords, definitely. Prevent password reuse, so ensure they don't use the same password. I would probably just crank this up as high as possible.

Yeah, I can do that I suppose a password exploration requires had been reset maybe not allow users to change their own password definitely prevent password reuse. So ensure they don't use the same password I would probably just crank this up as high as possible, we'll leave it as five and will save changes and so now if we go back to our dashboard, we should satisfy that entire list.

Guest: We'll leave it at five, and we'll save changes. And so now, if we go back to our dashboard, we should have satisfied that entire list. And so we have.

And so we have so we have met every requirement of AWS. So generally from now on you should just log in as that user and stay out of your account okay.

Operator: So we've met every requirement of AWS. So generally, from now on, you should just log in as that user and stay out of your root account. Hey, this is Andrew Brown from Exampro.

Hey, this is Andy Brown from exam pro and now that we have set up our account I want to go through the motions of using some of the most common ATM services with here. So you can gain some confidence.

Guest: Now that we've set up our account, I want to go through the motions of using some of the most common AWS services with you here so you can gain some confidence on the platform itself. And just to have some practical hands-on experience, this is not gonna be a very difficult section. It's not important for you to remember anything, but just to gain confidence.

Here on the platform itself and just do you have some practical hands on experience. This is not going to be a very difficult section. It's not important for you to remember anything but just to again gain confidence and just before we get started here I want to make sure that you are in the north of Virginia region. Okay. So north Virginia also known.

Operator: And just before we get started here, I want to make sure that you are in the North Virginia region, okay? So North Virginia is also known as U.S. East 1. The reason why it's 1 is because there is another U.S. East, which is U.S. East 2. This one is U.S. East 1 because it came first. But based on the region you're in, it is going to change the offerings that you have because not everything is available in every single region. Generally, though, they are across all regions.

<unk> U S East one the reason why it's one is because there is another USA, which is the USA to this one is used east one because it came first but based on the reason you're in is going to change. The the offerings that you have because not everything is available in every single region generally they are across all regions, but like if I was in Canada.

Guest: But like, if I were in Canada Central, we have fewer availability zones. Those are data centers, whereas in North Virginia, we have like six.

Troll, we have fewer availability zones, though their datacenters, where in north Virginia, we have like six and if there are any new features are definitely going to be in north Virginia. So I'm just going to ask you to change over to that region and follow along with me there okay.

Operator: And if there are any new features, they're definitely gonna be in North Virginia. So I'm just gonna ask you to change over to that region and follow along with me there, okay? So the first thing I want you to do is I'm going to show you how to launch a server. So the server is going to be using EC2. So going up to services here, we will type in EC2, and we'll make our way over to the EC2 console. So once we are here, I want you to go ahead and launch a new instance. So there is a big blue button here.

So the first thing I want you to do is I'm going to show you how to launch a server. So a server is going to be using easy to so going up to services here, we will type and easy too and we will make our way over to the E. C. Two console. So once we are here I want you to go ahead.

And launch a new instance, so theres a big Blue button here. So I'll just hit launch instance.

Guest: So we'll just hit launch instance, and now we're going to be presented with a bunch of options to configure our server. So we are going to choose what OS we want to use; we're going to stick with Amazon Linux 2 because it's part of the free tier and saving money is a great thing when we are learning. The next thing we need to do is choose the size of our server here. So these are called instance types.

And now we're going to be presented with a bunch of options to configure. Our server. So we are going to choose what O. S. We want to use we're going to stick with Amazon likes to because it's part of the free tier and saving money is a great thing. When we are learning. The next thing we need to do is choose the size of our of our server here. So these are called instance types.

Operator: And so you can see that the memory gets larger and the number of CPUs gets larger. We're going to stick with T2 micro because, again, that's part of the free tier, and we want to save some money. Next, to Instance Details, we can choose how many instances we want to start. An instance is a server, so if you have 10 instances, that's 10 servers. And we have a lot of options here.

And so you can see that the memory gets larger and the amount of Cpus get larger we're going to stick with TTP micro because again, that's part of the free tier and we want to save some money.

Going next to instance details we can choose how many instances we want to start an instance is a server. So if you have attendances that's 10 servers and we have a lot of options here, we're going to launch it in our default PPC at into the default subnet.

Guest: We're going to launch it in our default VPC and into the default subnet. It is going to be auto-assigned a public IP address, so it's going to be public-facing. And we're going to want to create an IAM role here. So what I want you to do is go ahead and just right-click here and create a new tab because we want to give this a bit of permission. So up here, I'm just going to go to the IM Management Console. And I want you to make your way down and create a new role. And so we are going to be presented with a bunch of options.

It is going to be auto assigned a public IP. So it's going to be a public facing and we're going to once you create and I am role here. So what I want you to do is go ahead and.

Just right click here and make a new tab, because we want to give this a bit of a permissions. So up here I'm just going to go two of the I M management console.

And I want you to make your way down and create a new role and so we are going to be presented with a bunch of options. So we are creating a role for easy tusa wells like these he too we're going to go to next to permissions and I want you to type in S. S M.

Operator: So we are creating a role for EC2. So we'll select EC2. We're going to go to Next to Permissions, and I want you to type in SSM. And I want you to choose the Amazon EC2 role for SSM. SSM is Simple Systems Manager. And that's going to be a way for us to actually log into that machine. Okay.

And I want you to use Amazon easy to roll for SSM SSM as simple systems manager and that's going to be a way for us to actually log into that machine. Okay.

Guest: And so we're going to get here and I'm just going to say my EC2 role, and I want you to hit Create Role. And so now that role has been created, and we will just go ahead and close that tab there, and we will drop this down. You can see that it says none. So we'll hit the refresh button here, and we'll choose my easy roll.

And so we're going to get here and I'm, just going to say my easy to.

ROHL.

And I want to hit create role.

And so now that role has been created and we will just go ahead and close that tab, there and we will drop this down and you can see this is none so we'll hit the refresh button here, what she was my easy to roll.

Operator: So now we have that set up. We are going to leave everything else blank, and I want you to go to Storage. So here you can choose how much storage you want. It's gonna have eight gigabytes by default.

So now we have that.

That set up we're going to leave everything else blank and I want you to go to storage. So here you can choose how how much storage you want it's going to have eight gigabytes by default you changed volume type, we're going stick with general purpose.

Guest: You can change the volume type. We're gonna stick with General Purpose, and we are going to go to Review and Launch, and we are going to hit launch, and it's going to ask you to create a key pair. Key pairs are used to get into the server, but we actually don't need one because we are using SSM, which is another way of logging into the server, so we're going to proceed without a key pair. Okay, I will just say I acknowledge that I will not be able to connect to this instance unless I already know the built-in password, which is not true because we can get it through systems manager, but we will go ahead and launch this instance.

And we're going to go review at lunch.

And we're going to have lunch and it's going to ask you to create a key pair and so key payers are used to get into the server.

But we actually don't need one because we are using SSM, which is another way of logging into the server. So we're gonna proceed without it keep here. Okay. I will just set I acknowledge that I will not be to look at this instance of authority no. The built in password, which is not true because we can get through systems manager, but we will go ahead and launch. This instance.

Guest: All right, and so this instance is now starting. In order for us to see it, you can either go to View Instances. We'll just click on that down below here. All right, and now this instance is launching, and you're going to see it in a pending state, and we're waiting for two status checks to pass. So this is going to turn from yellow to green, and then we're going to wait for this to initialize. And once that's done here, I'll see you here in a moment. Go ahead.

And so there are instances now launching in order for us to see it you can either go view instances will just click that down below here.

Alright, and so now this instance is launching and you're going to see a pending state and we're waiting for two status text to pass. So this is going to turn from yellow to green and that we're going to wait for this to initialize.

And once that's done here I'll see you here in a moment go.

Operator: Okay, so after a short wait here, I think I waited about three to four minutes, our server is now running, and it also passed two checks. So that means that the server is in good shape. So now that our server is running, we'll just take a peek down here because we get a variety of different information, such as when it was launched, the IAM role, the security group that it is in, which was the default one, what size it was, and we can see that it has a public IP address and private IP addresses. Okay, so now that the server is running, this is costing us money. Now we are on the free tier, so I guess technically, it's not.

Okay. So after a short wait here I think I waited about three to four minutes or server is now running and it also has a two checks so that means that the server is in good shape. So now that our servers running we'll just go take a peek down here because we get a variety of different information such as when it was launched the I am role.

The security group that is in which was the default one what size. It was and we can see that it has a public IP address and private IP addresses. Okay. So now that the server is running this is costing US money now we are you have a free tier so I guess technically it's not but if we wanted to shut this down and we're not going to shut it down just yet, but I'm just showing here that we would just go.

Guest: But if we wanted to shut this down, and we're not going to shut it down just yet, but I'm just showing here that we would just go here to terminate. And that would shut down the server. And then we would no longer be paying for it. We could also stop the instance, and that wouldn't destroy it, but it would not have it running anymore. And we'd also be saving money.

Year to terminate and that would shut the server down.

We would no longer be paying for it we could also stop the instance, and that wouldn't destroy it but it would not have it not running more and we'd also be saving money. Okay. So whether you stop or terminate that instance.

Operator: Okay, so whether you stop or terminate that instance, you will ensure that you save money. So now that this is done, let's actually learn how to get access to this instance. All right, so there are a couple of different ways we can get into this instance. One way is using SSH.

We will ensure that you save money. So now that this is done let's actually learn how to.

Get access to this instance.

Alright, so theres a couple of different ways, we can get into this instance.

One way is using SSH. So if we had to create that keep here, we could have used it to get into that.

Guest: So if we had created that key pair, we could use it to get into that server here. Or we can use Simple Systems Manager and Sessions Manager, which is my preferred way, and AWS's recommended way, which is what we're going to do. But just before we go ahead over to SSM, I want you to right-click here and just go to Connect. And you can see that it's actually giving you instructions. So if you had downloaded that key pair, you would have had to mod it, and you would have had to do a bunch of other stuff.

Server here or we can use simple systems manager sessions manager, which is the my preferred way and Airbus Aws's recommended way, which is what we're going to do but just before we go ahead over to SSM I want you to right click here and just go to connect and you can see that it's actually giving you instructions. So if you had downloaded that keep hair you would adage.

Got it you would have had to do.

A bunch of other stuff. So you have to use SSH and provide that key to get into it. So there are instructions. There. There's also this easy to instance connect and so this is a another way to connect I'm not sure if it would let us in here without R.

Operator: So you'd have to use SSH and provide that key to get into it. So there are instructions there. There's also this EC2 Instance Connect. And so this is another way to connect. I'm not sure if it would let us in here without our key pair, but I'll just give it a go here. And it did.

Our key pair of I'll just give it a go here and it did so this is one way. This is actually I guess, a third way to access it. So actually are in the server right now, but the way I want to show you how to get in.

Guest: So this is one way. This is actually, I guess, a third way to access it. So actually, I'm in the server right now, but the way I want to show you how to get in is via Simple Systems Manager. So I'm just going to go ahead and close that, and I want you to go to the top here and type in SSM, which is for Simple Systems Manager. You really never display the simple word there anymore. It definitely is part of the name.

Is avia simple systems manager.

So I'm just gonna go ahead, there and close that I wanted to go to the top here and typing S. S M, which is for simple systems manager, even though you never display the simple word are there any more it definitely as part of the name.

Operator: And then once we are over here, I want you to go to the left-hand side and go to Session Manager. We're going to start a new session. And so, we can see that we have our instance. So, remember when we created that IAM role and we set it up with that SSM EC2 role? That was so that we could use Sessions Manager. And the advantage here of using Sessions Manager is that it's going to log every time somebody uses a session. So I just hit start on that session there. And so it's very similar to that other Connect screen here. And it actually logs in as the root user, not the EC2 user, which is a bit frustrating. So we'd have to do sudo su ec2-user.

And then once we are over here I want you to go to the left hand side and go to a session manager.

And we're going to start a session.

And so we can see we have an instant so remember when we created that I am role and we said it with that SSM UCT role that was so that we could use sessions manager and the advantage here using sessions manager, it's going to log every time somebody uses the session. So I just hit start on that session. There and so it's very similar to that other connect screw.

Here and it actually logged in as the root user not the easy to user which is a bit frustrating. So we'd have to do pseudo su.

You see two hyping user and now we are the correct user and we are within this instance, so.

Operator: And now we are the correct user, and we are within this instance. So that's how you gain access to it. But we're not really going to be doing much with this instance today. So I want you to go ahead and terminate this instance, or sorry, that session there. But the session history is recorded. So by forcing everyone to use Sessions Manager, you're going to have a bit more visibility over what's going on with these machines, whereas SSH might not provide that same visibility without you manually putting that effort in there, okay? But we'll make our way back to the EC2 console here. So just type in EC2 here again. And once we are here, I want you to go to the left-hand side, to Instances, and so here we can see our server. So now we know how to get into this machine, and I would say that we probably want to go ahead and stop this instance here. So I want you to go ahead and just stop it, okay? And that way, it's not going to cost us anything, and now we can do our next step, which is to create an AMI.

That's how you gain access to it we're not really going to be doing much with US instance, today. So I wanted to go ahead and terminate this instance, or sorry that session. There, but that session history is recorded so by forcing everyone to use sessions manager you're going to have a bit more visibility.

Visibility over what's going on with these machines.

Whereas SSH might not provide that same visibility without you manually putting that effort in there okay, but.

But we will make our way back to the easy to counsel here. So this type of easy to hear again.

And once we are here I wanted to go to the left hand side two instances and so here we can see our server. So are we now know how to get into this machine and I would say that we probably want to go ahead and stop. This instance here. So I want you to go ahead and just stop it.

Okay and that way, it's not going to cost us anything and now we can do our next step which is to create an ami.