Q1 2024 Grupo Casas Bahia SA Earnings Call - Q&A

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Last September Prime Minister, Justin Trudeau announced Canada had credible intelligence of the Indian government May have played a role in Mr. New jars, killing but BC Rcmp had little information to share on that facet of their investigation when they announce those three.

Arrest on Friday, So I thought we'd Rcmp Commissioner, Mike do am earlier today have a listen to our conversation.

Mike: Hi Commissioner, it's good to see you here in studio. Thank you for making the time, thanks for having us and congratulations on your appointment as the more in a more permanent incentives Commissioner you served obviously as interim for awhile, but congratulations on a permanent I do want to start off on the Big news as of late last week and that is the arrest of three individuals in the case of Hardeep thing niche are and in particular.

Mike: Wanted to ask you if you could illuminate Canadians as to why it did take almost a year to late charges well I'd say the vast your first I've got to highlight the excellent work from the integrated homicide investigation team as part of lower mainland as well as other units like a national security and a unit that was involved in other European partners in provinces that were involved.

Mike: Investigations are complex.

Mike: Sometimes pieces will fall together, where you can solve it very quickly, but some others are more lengthy in time and you have to make sure that you cover the elements of the offense.

Mike: As you move forward and I just want to remind you that the investigation is still not over because you got to remember that these three individuals were arrested, but as with any investigation or sometimes follow up investigations of stem from that and I'm not going to get too far down the road in that because it's been for the matters before the court.

Mike: You brought that up because I do remember very specifically the superintendent speaking to that fact that there are that this is still ongoing and I know that because it's before the courts you might be somewhat limited I wondered in broad strokes can you, though tell Canadians who are watching right now.

Mike: What the more is like what what else is left to investigate with the parameters of that investigation still or do you believe in essence that there are still other people who were responsible for this murder well, we did say that.

Mike: The system can Mr. Dave Devault, who did see who is the assistant commissioner responsible photo policing the Pacific region. He did say that we do have separate and distinct investigations looking at the connection to the government of India.

Mike: And the other part of that is again.

Mike: I'm not at Liberty to expand but when you look at the steps that were done the arrest in the inflammation overseas that could lead to.

Mike: The mitigation of the rest of other individuals'. So that's about as far as I'm going to say Oh man I ask why they're separate I think and I'll tell you why I'm asking because it was all very connected when the Prime Minister announced the Canadians, but he had credible intelligence. He had seen credible intelligence linking the government of India to exactly what you just talked about so why the need to separate what you got to understand that the elements of the offense.

Mike: Some of which are three individuals or charge are based on the investigation from I hit it.

If anything came out of that without warrant an additional investigation that would be treated separately.

Mike: And so basically what came out of that is a potential linked to the government of India am I am I fair to assume that well I'm not quite sure. If it's directly with regards to that or other information that came in but you're not sure if that while I would not expand on that because like I said the matter still before the courts and some information that will be disclosed through the court process that would highlight some of the work that's been done some of.

Mike: The members of the Rcmp's you were at that preference Press conference Pardon me.

Looking to the possible connection to the government also spoke of the challenges in that investigation can you elaborate on that.

Mike: Challenges, we've been working with the National investigation agency of India for last several years not necessarily on this particular trial, but.

Mike: You've seen sometimes articles, where the S&P was criticizing for not taken any actions based on information that was received and the reality is the workshops that we've had with Eni was really to build a relationship and also a common understanding of what's required from Canadian law to launch an investigation for example, one of the individuals during the Prescott.

Mike: Ed.

Mike: Our press clipping is not enough for us to launch an investigation. So that's a matter of educating the eni what what Canadian law enforcement agency requires to commence an investigation and by the way we've had three workshops to workshops with them and Theres. Another one plan in which we want to continue that relationship. So let me just ask two if I'm interpreting that.

Mike: <unk> correctly as well because I think what you're referencing is the allegations coming from India about there being extremists allowed to operate here in Canada. Once again those are allegations I have nothing to prove that we spoke to the Indian Kai Commissioner number of months ago. He level. Those allegations again are you, saying that essentially it's you explaining to them why you.

Mike: Can't investigate what they are alleging I think it's understanding the rules of law in Canada, and how a criminal investigation proceeds in Canada, and how we do our work and what's required to do work.

Mike: I'll give you. An example, I know that people have criticized in some of these demonstrations that took place across the country with the signs that are being used while the reality is although the signs were offensive. They don't meet the threshold of criminal Court defense, which is a challenge and some.

Mike: Some other countries you cannot display a sign of that nature. It is considered an offence in Canada. Its not has indeed been receptive to the explanations you have provided.

Mike: At our level, we've been talking at the Nia I'm not quite sure if the minister of the Prime Minister's been talking at the at their level, but we continue to discuss with DNA and it's a matter of finding a common ground and finding the right information that we can use.

Mike: To move forward.

Mike: Subject of interest I would say from both from both countries. So on the reverse and to the point that the individual at the press conference was making about an investigation of a possible link and Mr. Ninja ours murder in the government to the government of India can you be explicitly is that is that investigation actually happening well I did say that.

Mike: It's a separate and distinct investigation looking at the connection of the government of India. So and so when are you in communication because my question about the challenges with was based on that because that's what the individual at the press conference and that the relationship with India. In this investigation has some challenges can you elaborate on what those challenges are is there any communication back and forth.

Mike: Chris.

Mike: The possibility of this link again as the Prime Minister has made explicit to Canadians, yes, I'm not aware of all of the information if any was shared with the child could be the sharing of information because.

Mike: Considering that we do have a criminal investigation that was ongoing.

Mike: How is that information going to be used as a concern as well too to us. So I think there's several things in that that makes it a challenge when dealing with.

Mike: India and with regards to the exchange of information as it pertains to criminal offense. So I spoke to the public safety Minister about this on Friday, and I asked them, specifically about that issue and he implied to me that it may not be necessary for India.

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Speaker Change: Can you tell me what a final overdose looks like an overdose, yes, what does.

Speaker Change: It look like when you overdose on panel.

Speaker Change:

Speaker Change: Okay.

Speaker Change: You could probably start shaking your eyes roll back you slow your words is that it may be you throw out what if I told you a fentanyl overdose looks just like you're falling asleep.

Speaker Change: With your eyes closed do not ask you stop breathing before you could even call for help so you can't tell the difference between someone sleeping and if they're overdosing that's right in the past four years pension related deaths increased by 98% in Virginia.

Speaker Change: Got it.

Speaker Change: It's crazy.

Speaker Change: Find out how deadly fentanyl laced pills and powders can be deadly dose V. A dot com to cooperate with your investigation for the Rcmp to reach a conclusion and that investigation would you agree with that so I think that's a fair statement because we work closely with international partners as well.

Speaker Change: And there is some information that that could be out there that could help us and could be enough to sustain.

Speaker Change: Future charges.

Speaker Change: And have you or any of your colleagues traveled to India I ask because the national security adviser the director of thesis. They made a number of trips over the course of their own kind of investigation has the Rcmp made any such trips we've sent a team down I believe it was last year and this is in relation to the workshops that were sharing with you where our national security team.

Speaker Change: Went down to new Delhi, and met with the Nia and had an exchange on on on processes and procedures and legislation is Russell so what about about this specific investment I'm not sure. If information was shared during that meeting because it was a year and a half ago. Some.

Speaker Change: Linda.

Speaker Change: Nothing was shared.

Mike: But I do believe that there is list of common interests that was shared with them. So nothing since since for example in Altamont and I'll put a timeframe on prime Minister set up and maybe obligation not to my knowledge. Okay. I also want to ask you and this is sort of in the same vein about linking intelligence to evidence because when we last spoke more than a year ago. I think it was about our about the foreign interference inquiry more specific.

Mike: You had highlighted that that was a that was an issue for you and you wanted to see some legislative means of addressing it yesterday. There was the introduction of new legislation around national security that does.

Mike: Give thesis some additional powers in your view is there anything in that legislation that will make it easier to turn intelligence into evidence are you.

Mike: I didn't really look at it from an Intel with evidence and that's putting this has initially been gone on and it's not just with the service right. We have international partners that provide this information and the information cannot be used in a criminal criminal law.

Mike: And incremental digital process, what I do see from from yesterday's announcement is the.

Mike: The fact that the ceases act will change and the fact that the director will have more flexibility to provide some information to universities to academia to the public that will broaden awareness of foreign interference and eventually there'll be more people in tune aware, what foreign interference because right now I'm privy to a lot of sensitive.

Mike: Information, but if the information I have cannot be shared with other people were not really promoting what foreign interference is actually is in educating people in it and actually addressing it. So I think I welcomed the changes for this and does anything of what you saw though make it easier for you to take the intelligence that maybe is more likely to be shared.

Mike: And use it though as evidence to actually take this back to the court.

Mike: Because that's what you highlighted very soon.

Mike: I didn't say that I don't think and I haven't read through the entire what's proposed I don't think it addresses the facility of changing of switching Intel into evidence into a criminal procedures, but like I said, we do this on a regular basis with the service as to how best to use some information.

Mike: Can this be transferred because in the criminal procedures that we have you know that it's full and Frank disclosure. So I have to start at once upon a time and that once upon a time, sometimes that's a challenging part because we get information that we cannot disclose but there are ways to protect that but.

Mike: The provider that information has to be willing to try and protect that.

Mike: In the inquiry in which you testified that report that came out last week. The justice overseeing at the commissioner sort of flag two instances of foreign interference in which she learnt a lot of credence to the possibility that it actually happened and in particular, that's the nomination of hand on as well as the <unk>.

Mike: Elect the sort of race the campaign of Kenny to NBC is the Rcmp investigating either of those not.

Mike: Not to my knowledge right now you know why not.

Mike: At the time I think.

Mike: Some of it was probably referred to elections, Canada, I'm, not 100% sure Ana but to my knowledge, we're not investigating those because it wasn't brought to our attention.

Mike: You have confirmed to me and previously you are investigating allegations around arrived can and bottler.

Speaker Change: Yes, a completely separate subject and I wanted to ask you. If you have an update on.

Speaker Change: How close you might be depressing charges and this well again, it's hard for me every time someone asked me how close we are its hard because like I said, sometimes investigations are complex. It lead you down multiple different paths. All I can say is that we are investigating the investigations continues and more to provide I'll provide an update when.

Speaker Change: When it's appropriate and I do understand the constraints you face I'm, telling here's why I'm asking two reasons, it's been a year and a half since the investigation with lunch and there was a very public rate that happen just prior to Christian for testifying in a very public way on Parliament Hill.

Speaker Change: Are either of those is that the latter there an indication that something is close.

Speaker Change: Well I like I said <unk> I can see is a fallen tomorrow and limit through 15 different paths in which I have to explore to make sure we close our doors before we actually.

Speaker Change: Criminal charges. So our team are doing a thorough work with the information they have and to your comment with regards to the testimony and permanent.

Speaker Change: Whatever said in the parameter committee cannot be used in a criminal procedure. There's problems are privileged as he goes to these committees. So that's a challenge but the team are investigating their falling it really that we have.

Speaker Change: I'd be more than happy to update when it's appropriate to give me interpret from the rate that.

Speaker Change: Christian <unk> himself is being investigated like what can you tell us about the scope of the investment.

Speaker Change: And so I'm not going to go down who and what and what was ceased and whatnot, but I will just say that I'll be more than happy to provide an update when it's appropriate can I ask why not to be rude, but with great respect theres, a huge amount of Canadian public interest and the taxpayer dollars. According to the Auditor general have been greatly misused and if there is a criminal element I think Canadians are very curious as to what it is.

Speaker Change: I'm not necessarily asking you to go around any laws or rules that you have in place, but right now all we know is that the <unk> investigate we don't know what the parameters are we don't know who is it the government is it individuals acting on their own prerogative like is there nothing about it that you can share and I would leave it at we are investigating and I'll be more than happy when it's appropriate to give.

Speaker Change: <unk>.

Speaker Change: The commentary or.

Speaker Change: Information as to exactly what we did okay I will leave it on that note commissioner. Thank you for your time today I appreciate it and welcome Betsy. Thanks.

Speaker Change: Whatever you do do it for less.

Speaker Change: At Harbor freight.

Speaker Change: The federal Minister responsible for mental health and addiction, <unk> granting vcs request to roll back part of a drug decriminalization pilot project currently underway in that province that decriminalized possession of.

Speaker Change: <unk> amounts of hard drugs more than a week ago, the province reached out to the fed seeking to amend that policy to restrict hard drug use in public spaces, Here's how today's announcement played out and question period.

Speaker Change: Does he believe that people should be allowed to smoke massive or crack in children's soccer fields. Obviously no. One in this house does that is why we agreed with the British Columbia government to modify their pilot project, even the radical NDP government NBC asked for him to reverse his decriminalized.

Speaker Change: Why does it take them 10 days and 66 more depth to do it but once again, we see the later the opposition trying to score chief political points on the box.

Speaker Change: Ill or will people to promote an ideology that does not work.

Speaker Change: Yes.

Speaker Change: Let's unpack what you just heard with the front bench with me Tonight, former Liberal New Brunswick Premier Brian glad he's the CEO of space, Canada, Rona Ambrose is a former leader of the Conservative Party and now Deputy chairwoman at TD Securities CTV News political analysts and former NDP later, Tom Wellcare is with US as his journalist and author Paul while she is here with me in.

Speaker Change: Studio his newest book governing in troubled times, Justin Trudeau on the ropes happens to be out there. It is today hi, everybody really good to see you add Tom I'll start with you. This is Dominic this issue of debate Overdrawn policy NBC has dominated question period for since <unk> essentially made that request today. The feds as we said in the introduction approved it.

Speaker Change: Why do you have just before our question period why do you think it remained at the forefront of debate that occurred in the house today.

Speaker Change: Well, it's because it's another one of those issues that Pierre Paul you have spotted a whole long time ago. I mean, he was on housing long before anybody started realizing that how hard and issue. It was and he would go into B C. He would show up in downtown East side, where there were serious problems with people using hard drugs in open spaces and public areas and he was on it and he was taking a very.

Speaker Change: <unk> approach law and order go back start having proper resources to treat people, but we're not just going to allow them to use drugs anywhere. So he was all over this thing.

Speaker Change: The NDP government in British Columbia is facing a general election. This October that's.

Speaker Change: Just around the corner in political terms fashion. So they had to get bail from this thing fast Trudeau did take a little bit of time, but frankly, you know 10 days given the glacial pace of the public administration is not that long, but he's just trying to get away from this thing right now and there's even going to be a request apparently from Toronto to get some more latitude on these things.

Speaker Change: This is one of those great experiment's gone awry.

Speaker Change: Talk to social workers, if you talk to community workers, you talk to people, who work with those with addictions and drugs and mental illness, and they're often together, sometimes the drugs caused the mental illness, sometimes a mental illness drove people to hard drugs.

Speaker Change: But they do go together and that's why it's smart to have a minister in charge of that issue, but it just turned into an absolute tobacco and it was ungovernable and they started to realize it and it was going to become a political.

Speaker Change: Stone around their necks and they were not just going to just not going to be able to talk their way out of it. So given everything that happened Trudeau had no choice you have to give be see what they were asking for it I think theres still going to be a pretty heavy price to pay for the NDP government and I think it's going to it's going to stick to Trudeau, a fair bit for a while as well and that's why of course plenty of is still on it.

Speaker Change: Well, Tom mentioned that arena that the Prime Minister and you can sensor to the federal government is.

Speaker Change: Trying to not talk about it as much I guess is the way to say it for.

Speaker Change: For example, I just had the minister on and ask you about the Toronto project and whether that will go ahead and they are very cautious in the way. They are answering that they may not want to be at the forefront of this my my guess is the Conservatives will keep hammering on the issue. Despite now the issue in D. C from a federal exemption perspective being put to bed.

Speaker Change: Yes, I mean, I think we all expect as Canadians that when a public policy has unintended consequences that public policymakers say well, we made a mistake here.

Speaker Change: And instead of becoming political or ideological about it they say, let's pivot and so that's where the BC government is John kudos to the BC government, but let's be clear here. All of that has happened is the re re criminalization of hard drugs like crack and cocaine heroin and public spaces Theres still legal in many other spaces. So there is still.

Speaker Change: Eight.

Speaker Change: <unk> or an experiment, helping you to see if this is the right approach and I think the reason peers pushing hard on this just because I don't think the prime minister or the Ejections Minister has admitted that perhaps there are grave unintended consequences and so when we ask about what about Toronto or cross what about Montreal to request.

Speaker Change: Perhaps we should be rethinking all of these requests because there has been.

Speaker Change: We've seen first hand, what has happened in British Columbia, and if you spend any time in British Columbia, and Vancouver, and in fact, you're seeing it in downtown Toronto downtown Calgary Downtown Ed mentioned, it is very very tragic and anyone who.

Speaker Change: Cares about these issues wants to see more recovery more investment in treatment.

Speaker Change: If you read of the research from around the World, We know that one cannot happen without the other so we tried to experiment we tried harm reduction at an extreme level.

Speaker Change: Now, we need to pull that back and we need to invest heavily in treatment and we haven't done that so I really hope that that's something that the Trudeau government will admit and start to put resources behind.

Speaker Change: As far as rethinking kind of the project more largely Brian I don't think that there'll be unspent, Toronto point theyre not being explicit that they are but if you read between the lines of half of the interview that I. Just conducted for example, it really appears that way like theyre not willing to come out and say well if the conditions are right. We will go ahead with what Toronto was doing we do believe this.

Speaker Change: We'll save lives, even though they they say that to some degree like they won't be specific about it with Toronto do you anticipate that moving forward they will be really hesitant to give the okay to other jurisdictions.

Unknown Executive: There'll definitely be a lot more hesitant and I think in the case of Toronto as you pointed out bashing. Your interview with diminished or is the province of Ontario is not onboard I don't see how.

Speaker Change: Why they would move forward with it if they don't have the partner that is responsible for health care I think that it would certainly put the project in Toronto as case at risk to single use items.

Speaker Change: The ground and on top of that.

Speaker Change: Why would they do it I mean politically speaking.

Speaker Change: It would be a very difficult position to be and you try to go along with the city. So.

Speaker Change: The how and the why just doesn't add up.

Speaker Change: <unk> I mean, one thing I would point out.

Speaker Change: Candidates Lucky to have all the provinces and territories that we have for many reasons, but one of them also includes that many evident reasons, but one of them includes also the fact that we can we can try things, we can have a province or even a region.

Speaker Change: City in this case try things out and.

Speaker Change: On paper a good thing because you can pilot these things if they work fantastic you can then scale up when appropriate if they don't work you can scale down.

Speaker Change: Hopefully not too much damage was caused so really from a public policy development point of view on paper Thats, a really great thing and its unfortunate though that from a political point of view youre, taking a big risk because when you try to do something that is sort of outside of the box and it doesn't work, which is often the case when it's up.

Speaker Change: Island project.

Speaker Change: And politically speaking it certainly.

Speaker Change: Red meat for the lack of a better term. So that's what we're seeing here often what ends up happening is that it then becomes something that people don't want to touch even if as ronen mentioned right. The other components of the pilot work out well.

Speaker Change: As there is now this sort of black cloud over it will be tougher for any government in the future to do something similar.

Speaker Change: And I think it's interesting that that's the case because the stakes are pretty high I mean that the there are 42000 people in this country, who have died since 2016 from overdoses Paul Yes. It is it like it is a very serious issue and even in B C. The other part of the Stakes are that public safety was you know a lot of different people felt put at risk and so.

Speaker Change: It's not a debate without consequences.

Speaker Change: States are highest for as people who use drugs who.

Speaker Change: Our desperately addicted to incredibly dangerous substances and win policymakers.

Speaker Change: Range. It so that they can't use legal drugs in public they will use illegal drugs in private and their chances of dying of an overdose instead of being with us David Skyrockets.

Speaker Change: Rona was right.

Speaker Change: Things that we're seeing in Vancouver, very similar to the things we're seeing in Edmonton until 18 months ago people used to like to draw a distinction between the horrible policy in <unk>.

Speaker Change: British Columbia, and the much more enlightened policy in Alberta, pure Palio wrote an op Ed in the National post at the beginning of 2023, saying we should follow the Alberta example, here's the Alberta example, 2023 was the deadliest year for opioid.

Speaker Change: <unk> in Alberta history, he doesn't make that comparison anymore every where the problem is the drug fentanyl is orders of magnitude more dangerous than anyone else and then any of the.

Speaker Change: Previous drugs that we thought were the worst we've ever seen and I'm very worried that as we play these political games that people who are most at risk will be in greater danger.

Speaker Change: I saved hundreds with Liberty mutual.

Speaker Change: Pretty Liberty Liberty.

Speaker Change: Yes.

Speaker Change: Okay.

Speaker Change: Welcome to the CTV news trend line with Michael still at Mcdonalds.

Speaker Change: Nick the Canadian economy appears to be flattening out as Canadians are still struggling with the.

Speaker Change: Cost of living.

Speaker Change: <unk> been tracking the economic mood of Canadians and how optimistic they are especially about their personal finances, what have you learned.

Nick: Our there Michael Dow are Theyre very.

Nick: Pessimistic.

Michael Dow: We track every week, we asked Canadians a pretty simple question are your personal finances.

Michael Dow: Or are you better worse or the same compared to a year ago and we've we track this over time and check what the trend lines, we're hitting basically new lows that we haven't seen for a really really long time only 11%. That's one out of every 10 Canadians believed that there are safe.

Michael Dow: But their personal finances are better off today than a year ago that compares to 50% whose report that they are worse off today than a year ago. This is a killer staff right for any incumbent government and.

Michael Dow: Michael remember.

Michael Dow: Your route during the Nixon Kennedy debates.

Michael Dow: No.

Speaker Change: Okay, Great I'd, just like to say Youre looking sharp thank you.

Speaker Change: Neither was I, but in the famous mixing Kenny debates.

Speaker Change: John F. Kennedy said are you better off now than you were four years ago and he said it. The answer is no then it's time for a change and.

Michael Dow: It's pretty clear right now that Canadians are believed that they're worse off now than they had been at least for the last 10 years Coincidentally.

Michael Dow: At the same period that the Liberals had been in power and it speaks to why this is important as hard for government any government that's been empower, especially for a long period of time.

Michael Dow: To fight something like that so I think unless Canadian start to feel better about their personal finances. It is going to be very difficult for the Liberals to turn this around.

Michael Dow: We seem conservative leader of pure play just to hammer the Liberals over our cost of living and then the situation with many Canadian household struggling to pay grocery bills.

Michael Dow: The group had a big chance to sort of counter this with the most recent federal budget and.

Michael Dow: And really I think the big headlines out of it where the increase in the capital gains tax you've also done a survey about how Canadians feel about yeah, and you know what the budget hypothetically is an infomercial for the government of the governance of the day had these budgets.

Michael Dow: This particular case, Justin Trudeau did what I'll say the dance with the seven veils I'm, sorry, if that offense on people, but anyway.

Michael Dow: And now I can't erase that from my memory.

Michael Dow: But leading up to the budget he basically pre announce a lot of things in order to try to jumpstart momentum.

Michael Dow: Of the Liberals and.

Michael Dow: It included lots of spending but it also included capital gains a change in the capital gains tax and how it's calculated in a survey that we just completed and released for Bloomberg News, we as Canadians how they felt about the about the capital gains tax and actually there is division among Canadians 40.

Michael Dow: 5% of Canadians not a majority, but 45% believe that it will lead to decreased investment because of the environment that it creates 38% so two seven points back.

Michael Dow: Believe that it is fair and that will help close the income disparity gap between Canadians and then the rest I think it's about 17%.

Michael Dow: We're unsure but I think for the Liberals, considering they had about $50 billion in spending.

Michael Dow: I think they are probably hoping that they'd be able to get some political juice out of the spending.

Michael Dow: I'm trying to help Canadians kind of get through things, but.

Michael Dow: I think that's been erased by a debate.

Michael Dow: Over the capital gains tax and pushback, especially from from.

Michael Dow: From businesses and.

Michael Dow: And corporate Canada on the capital gains tax.

Michael Dow: Nick you mentioned disparity I know finance Minister Chrystia Freeland said that this would really target the top 0.1 something percent of the wealthiest Canadians.

Michael Dow: But that was the way it was sort of advertised I suppose.

Michael Dow: But I think there's also some questions about why the capital gains tax is being delayed and how long it's going to take to take action.

Nick: Yes, I think it's probably going to tackle.

Nick: 0.013, or very few Canadians.

Nick: Anybody who's got a cottage I'd like to say I don't have the cottage, so I don't I'm not conflicted on this one but if you have.

Nick: <unk> family Cottage.

Nick: This capital gains tax could directly impact you and you know what Canadians love their cottage, it's part of it's part of Canadian.

Nick: Part of Canadian culture.

Nick: If someone really wanted to take a run at this they call. It the cottage tax just to really roll up Canadians, but.

Nick: <unk> last week.

Nick: I was speaking to an economist on this and that particular economists says well theres theirs.

Nick: Potentially politically lever impact that the Liberals have.

Nick: Produced by having a bit of a period between when this kicks in because many times not all time. So many times when the government introduces changes to the tax system. They are effective immediately the well.

Nick: The budget is as announced hence secrecy.

Nick: Secrecy right, but.

Nick: What this economists as they explained to me said was this will this delay.

Nick: We'll probably initiate for a lot of Canadian safety I'm Gonna cottage, they might try to sell their cottage under the old rules. So that they don't have to pay as much capital gains tax.

Nick: Also Canadians that my own shares that they could realize a capital gains on might sell the shares and then repurchase of shares afterwards and the way. This economist explained to me is that there could be a short term tax windfall.

Nick: For the federal government.

Nick: No one knows how much it might be the one estimate that this person said was between $5 billion to $10 billion.

Nick: And that this will allow the Liberals and the fall to say that the deficit is lower but this will basically be explained by Canadians frontloading taxes in order to not pay a higher rate. So there could be a political reason for this particular delay to explain why they've done this because it'll be good for the <unk>.

Nick: Liberals and it would be good for any government to come back for a fall economic statement and Pat themselves on the back to say that the deficit is smaller but this will be I think and if this economist is correct.

Nick: Primarily a result of.

Nick: Sequencing and people frontloading taxes in order to avoid a higher rate.

Nick: Nick if if the deficit does show.

Nick: A decrease.

Nick: Possibly choose it.

Nick: The effect and let's say.

Nick: Inflation started to cool down in the bank of Canada's starts to cut interest rates.

Nick: Do you foresee the Liberals being in a better position.

Nick: <unk>.

Nick: Politically or do you think Canadians are still looking for more pocketbook initiatives from them.

Speaker Change: Well I think there's still looking for pocketbook initiatives and the Canadians. The time for change is it's hard to fight and it happens for every government after they've been empower let's face. It Trudeau has been in power since 2015 like he's going to next year it'll be 10 years, So big surprise that they hit our best before date, but I think for the Liberals.

Nick: As a party to be competitive.

Nick: The.

Nick: The economy is a little better if people if interest rates are low which will help kind of people paying for housing and housing affordability.

Nick: And.

Nick: If they can show that.

Nick: You know that the deficit or the debt is a little more under control than it has been in the past it gives them what.

Nick: What do we say.

Nick: Half of it to fight on because it's still going to be very difficult, but it creates basically an environment, where they can say and I wouldn't I would I won't be surprised.

Nick: Prices, they say stuff like listen we hoped Canada survive Donald Trump, we help Canada get through the pandemic now we've helped Canada to get through this other difficult time and things are going to be a little better and it might help.

Nick: For those grumpy Canadians, who are worried about paying for the groceries in the next 30 days it might it might make them a little more open to two voting liberal, but it's still going to be tough for the Liberals anyway, you cut it.

Speaker Change: Nick we're going to take a quick break, but when we come back we'll look at the latest pallet tracking and political strategy.

Speaker Change: Super.

Speaker Change: Yeah.

Speaker Change: Yes.

Speaker Change: Nick we've seen a pretty strong lead from the federal Conservatives over the Liberals and balance apart.

Speaker Change: It's the latest latest.

Speaker Change: Latest nanos tracking just.

Speaker Change: Conservatives.

Speaker Change: 2% up four points in the last four weeks Liberals 24 down to <unk> 16 down three block at seven down to Green Party at five People's Party at 318 point advantage for the Conservatives, Hey, you know.

Speaker Change: We just had a federal budget where's the bulk notebook or the liberals or for the new Democrats.

Speaker Change: Coming out of the coming out of the federal budget right now.

Speaker Change: And I think whatever could happen with the federal budget people aren't going to change their minds like new momentum is not going to magically appear because usually if the numbers move they move immediately after the budget or.

Speaker Change: Like literally a day or two after the budget is announced so.

Speaker Change: 18 point advantage for the Conservatives and they've had this advantage since last August so it's hard to it's hard to it's going to be a hard trend line to change Nick when you've had a double digit lead for this long how does that change your overall political strategy, if youre, hoping to form the next government.

Speaker Change: You May proceed.

Speaker Change: Conservatism here.

Speaker Change: Usually if you have an 18 point advantage.

Speaker Change: You focus on how do you consolidate that advantage one of the ways to consolidate the advantages and look prime ministerial because with an 18 point advantage.

Speaker Change: A sustained double digit advantage over the last number of months people are now looking at pall, yet as and rightly so a potential prime minister and the Conservatives as a government in waiting so usually the strategy is let's look prime ministerial, let's not look risky, let's make sure that Canadians are comfortable with this change and that it's not.

Speaker Change: And then it's not risky change.

Speaker Change: But.

Speaker Change: We haven't seen that yet.

Speaker Change: From from Pierre Paul You have it's kind of like you still got his greatest hits.

Speaker Change: In terms of.

Speaker Change: Why do we call it catches nappies snippets of slogans I wanted to call that.

Speaker Change: We.

Speaker Change: We saw and we saw him.

Speaker Change: <unk> removed from the house for using Unparliamentary language.

Speaker Change: He I think prime Minister adjustments Trudeau has been using a strategy where he is.

Speaker Change: Calling out the conservative leader for meeting with let's say question of all people I want you to listen to this.

Speaker Change: This moment.

Speaker Change: As a leader opposite is showing us once again, what he will do to try and earn votes to personal attacks.

Speaker Change: The leader of a white nationalist group.

Speaker Change: Actively court so part of the group's members and thinks he can get away with it.

Speaker Change: Advocate for violence against choice LGBTQ plus Canadian Okay.

Speaker Change: Thanks again.

Speaker Change: And Jews Diachylon stands against everything we've gone as far as Canadian and yet we will not announce what they stand for.

Speaker Change: Mr Speaker.

Speaker Change: Like everything else. He says is false he uses fears and fear and falsehood and this latest distraction because he doesn't want to face. The fact that he has become so extreme and radical but even BC MVP is distancing himself themselves from his decriminalization of.

Speaker Change: Crack heroin math and other hard drugs in hospital rooms, causing nurses to have to stop breastfeeding their babies for fear that they are contaminated air might end up in Nebraska.

Speaker Change: Maybe why won't he bombies Robyn.

Speaker Change: More powerful than you, making your thing happen.

Speaker Change: Really going for it.

Speaker Change: During business on your terms.

Speaker Change: Given you are wrong.

Speaker Change: Being a difference.

Speaker Change: And loving what you do.

Speaker Change: Every single day.

Speaker Change: Filling fearless fulfilled free.

Speaker Change: When there is nothing holding you back what would your thing be.

Speaker Change: Okay.

Speaker Change: <unk> do you think the conservative strategies will will steer polyester towards.

Speaker Change: More of a I don't know how to say it is prime ministerial.

Speaker Change: Image, what do you think well I think they have to do that they have to do that eventually because.

Speaker Change: Even when people want change they still don't want risky change.

Speaker Change: You know, it's kind of funny listen to that exchange, it's kind of like yours. It mirror mirror on the wall who's the most extremist of them all.

Speaker Change: Yeah.

Speaker Change: That's it.

Speaker Change: It's kind of ironic twist, Michael is that when we ask Canadians to place themselves on an ideological spectrum of zero to 10. The vast majority are still up for five or six they're pragmatic there middle of the road and I think for many Canadians they probably feel that they had been abandoned by both the conservative.

Speaker Change: And the Liberals, but this speaks to where the battle lines are currently drawn so if you're 20 points back I think youre going to be like throwing mud rock sticks and stones everything that could break Pierre <unk> bonds and I'd, just like to say Theres, an old iteration that I just didn't very nice not to say that I'm a pollster wrapper.

Speaker Change: But who knows who knows where that could go but that's.

Speaker Change: So am I surprised that Justin Trudeau is saying stuff like that no two points back he is going to say stuff like that he has got to be sensational in order to try to make people feel uncomfortable.

Speaker Change: But for for Pierre Paul yet does he really need to amp. It up and I think he has to worry about making a mistake because the reality is is that the one person who can defeat peer palio right. Now is pure qualia. He has to watch out for Canadian It's watch out to make sure that there isn't does not emerge a pattern of behavior, where people will go.

Speaker Change: I really want the Liberals out I'm not hot on Justin Trudeau, but what is peer quality I have to say those things so.

Speaker Change: And I think this is what.

Speaker Change: I think this is a bit of a trap for the Liberals that they've laid for four.

Speaker Change: For Pierre Paul, Yes, the trap being they want to get them as many times as Paul.

Speaker Change: <unk> to kind of say things that might sound out there and then they'll probably be some kind of attack ad.

Speaker Change: That the Liberals will have in the same way that <unk> is building out his clips.

Speaker Change: The clips that he wants to use to attack the Liberals I think now what we're seeing is what the Liberals are doing to build their clips for the attacks that they're prepared or want to make on <unk>.

Speaker Change: While yet that said, we should conclude a comment on this by saying however.

Speaker Change: If Canadians are struggling to pay for the groceries, they're probably angry at both leaders it would be like.

Speaker Change: What are you doing you know slinging mud at each other and saying who's the extremists when people are struggling to pay for the groceries and they're struggling to pay for housing. So I think both have to watch out that.

Speaker Change: People are just angry at both of them.

Speaker Change: Nick just a little bit more on the on the Liberal side of this they've been trailing by by double digits for since August.

Speaker Change: They've done everything they can but throw the kitchen. Thank at this and they still haven't managed to change the narrative or gotten any traction.

Nick: What do you think they need to do at this point.

Nick: Well the Liberals have there has to be a pivot I think the reality is as you know.

Speaker Change: The last budget was.

Speaker Change: The 2015 Liberals greatest hits, except on steroids and throwing a little capital gains tax and you know what the capital gains tax as part of the Liberals greatest hits, because if you remember back in 2015, just I'm sure on the Liberals, they would tax and focus.

Nick: On the 1% of top earners in order for them to pay their fair share. So we shouldn't really be surprised with this capital gains.

Nick: <unk>.

Nick: They push forward that said, what's clear to me at least from a fully perspective is that the greatest hits won't work.

Nick: They need to.

Nick: Not reverse themselves on things, but they need to say that they want to focus on on.

Nick: On issues and how people are going to pay the bills and stuff like that because right now the liberal strategy is like palliative care like let me help you ease the pain of what Youre doing well, they're easing the pain of Canadians through this but fundamentally we still need to create jobs meaningful <unk>.

Nick: <unk> that are well paying jobs that are good enough for people to pay the bills actually that's the problem. The problem is the economic context. The fact that the Liberals are having these programs to help Canadians manage does not solve the fundamental problem and I think the Liberals have to focus and I would say the Liberals and the conservatives have to focus.

Nick: On policies that speak to how do we create a stronger economy that creates a living wage where people can pay for the bills and creates prosperity. So that we can maintain our standard of living we haven't heard that from either one of the parties, but realistically that's what we need to focus all of them.

Speaker Change: Nick I think we'll leave it there as always thanks very much.

Nick: Yeah.

Nick: Yes.

Nick: But we're all these ways to reduce carbon emissions, especially for heavy.

Nick: Industry, we are working on solutions in our own operations.

Nick: Like carbon capture and clean energy from hydrogen.

Nick: Who are we.

Speaker Change: Believe it or not exxonmobil.

Nick: These solutions can help businesses like yours.

Nick: Yours are you.

Nick: Sure.

Nick: Heavy industry with mission.

Nick: Let's deliver.

Nick: Yes.

Nick: Okay.

Nick: France imports a billion dollars of butter a year.

Nick: Its citizens so much of it that has led to shortages.

Nick: Yes.

Nick: In Asia sales for dairy and food are booming.

Nick: China alone spend billions on them each year.

Nick: Yes.

Nick: We traveled the world to see how billion dollar food industries work and meet some of the people powering them.

Nick: Okay.

Nick: Our first stop is the Dominican Republic, where the world's largest aloe Vera fund harvest juices, the thorny leads.

Nick: Universal alloy farm covers 5000 acres here in the Dominican Republic, while there are hundreds of types of allo plants. This firm chose allo Barbara Denzel Miller, because it has 20 amino acids minerals vitamin carbohydrate hormone and other bio active substances once the baby plants are in the ground at <unk>.

Nick: About eight months for them to mature.

Nick: About 750 people harvest these fields theyre dispatched in groups harvesting section by section.

Nick: In parallel to keep that up again.

Nick: When we look at if I look at them.

Nick: We'll keep an eye on that as Dana.

Nick: Most of them I was saying and then transco from when they sell it go to Tom <unk>, who runs.

Speaker Change: Yeah like I have banked up on think about and I'm not going to dial them up.

Nick: Okay.

Nick: The cut leaves won't go back, but the plants will grow new ones.

Nick: It will take them about a week to harvest just this one area.

Nick: And so all of that must be allo fluidity.

Nick: But all in all you guys buckled umbrella.

Speaker Change: Some thoughts on that.

Nick: A feat that one.

Nick: One by one workers pick up all the harvested leaves and task them into a truck.

Nick: Those leaves head to our processing plants two miles up the road.

P J: P J.

P J: Yes.

Min Li: Thus this is min Li with bank of the Philippine peso has gone vertical yet.

P J: <unk> got a long list.

P J: And of course this is a niche.

P J: I assume there are plans.

Speaker Change: So we have to go through a bath of chlorinated saltwater to kill off any little creators from the field that may be hanging around.

Speaker Change: Yes.

Speaker Change: Yes.

Speaker Change: Yes.

Speaker Change: Then they get trends.

Speaker Change: Thanks.

Speaker Change: Got it.

Speaker Change: Good afternoon.

Speaker Change: Please go ahead.

Speaker Change: Thanks.

P J: Thank you very much.

P J: This jiggly boulay is the gel inside the hourly.

P J: That's what's used in real aloe, Vera juice, Joe or skin care products.

P J: Yes.

P J: No.

Speaker Change: All right.

Speaker Change: Correct.

P J: Yes.

P J: To do it they need a really good night Europe volatile.

P J: On the other Marvel you'll see Enzo.

P J: They're all sort of when they might make it look easy but filling takes precision.

P J: The only thing I believe.

Speaker Change: Thanks, gentlemen.

P J: Gentlemen.

P J: And we will go more in demand.

P J: Again, yes, well no matter what.

P J: Does it allow you to dial up.

P J: At the end of <unk>.

P J: And they have to move back.

P J: <unk> 3500 leads a day globally zero monetizing some of them.

P J: And then I had a little bit Dave.

P J: What is <unk> some of them will go after those.

P J: Yes.

P J: Okay.

P J: Yes.

P J: Many companies use machines for flame resistant apparel.

Speaker Change: Thank you.

Speaker Change: Sure.

P J: Jim.

P J: So there's a little bit.

P J: Yes.

P J: Okay.

P J: Okay.

P J: Right.

P J: That is the multiple here.

P J: The leftover leaf bits go back out into the field as compost and the buckets of malaise those get weight then poured onto this big table workers here will inspect them for any leftover leases, which still then slice off.

P J: Once it's all clear the Falaise head to the shredder, which grinds them into a pure aloe gel.

Speaker Change: Got that.

P J: Bob and Todd.

Bob: Oh I see.

P J: Yes.

P J: And then I would say yes.

P J: At this point ascorbic acid is added to extend the shelf life.

P J: No.

P J: Yes.

P J: Hello.

P J: Yes.

P J: Okay.

P J: Please go ahead.

P J: Flows into the still prove bag.

Speaker Change: Got it.

Speaker Change: Go ahead Bob.

Speaker Change: Dale.

Speaker Change: Albert.

Speaker Change: Rita.

Speaker Change: Okay.

Speaker Change: Hey, Dave.

Speaker Change: This bag is then vacuum sealed and put into a bigger metal box.

Speaker Change: The whole process from leaf to this container takes only about three hours, but before the shipment can leave the factory its contents have to be tested for quality assurance.

Speaker Change: We will take the case, but you must first Brian the discipline.

Speaker Change: Okay.

Speaker Change: Okay.

Speaker Change: Lastly, LNG within health.

Unknown Executive: Thanks, Paul.

Speaker Change: Yes.

Speaker Change: Got it.

Paul Wells: Thanks, David.

Speaker Change: Yes.

Speaker Change: You are not mitigated VC cooking and freezing of Umicore in early summer.

Speaker Change: Ajay and I request you that.

Speaker Change: But I think our lower first quarter followed by <unk>.

Speaker Change: Yes.

Speaker Change: Almost that metal.

Speaker Change: Now with that I had.

Speaker Change: Only when a container passes the lab tests can be released for shipment.

Speaker Change: These ones are bound for Rotterdam in the Netherlands, there the Zhao will be pumped into bottles for forever living products, but not every bottle of allo is made like this in 2015 consumer lab Dot com tested 10 allo products for ingredients half of them failed their tests at 2016, Bloomberg investigation found that Walmart Cvs.

Speaker Change: S and targets allo products contain no evidence of allo at all it's so easy to put out a fake allo products. So there are all kinds of synthetic gels, often you'll see that we're like car Boomer is a synthetic gel and if you see a clear gel you have no idea really aloe or cover most allo products arent closely regulated by the.

Speaker Change: That's because they are considered supplements or cosmetics not drugs. So product can say it contains allo, but it could mean a range of things. It really does contain allo fillet or it's the whole leaf ground up and not just that inner fillet or it's a synthetic gel and theres actually no allo, which won't hurt you.

Speaker Change: But it doesn't have any of the supposedly benefits of allo theres not a lot of regulation or oversight of allo products. It's also hard to regularly because allo grows naturally all over the Americas and its Joe has been used for thousands of years to heal burns and reduce inflammation the challenges translating that history to our current rigorous medical examination.

Speaker Change: Another problem is there isn't clear scientific proof of Aloos healing powers. Some studies have shown it helps sooth burns and speed up healing, while others show no affect on Burns. So it's not that all it doesn't help the evidenced isn't there right now the outer range of the leaf has been found to have a laxative compound called allo in one.

Speaker Change: Study found that it caused cancer in rats, while another found it helped with constipation, but the FDA has banned allo from being sold as an over the counter laxatives drug there's no patent on allo and so there isn't a lot of incentive for companies to be putting lots of money into clinical studies. They don't really need to do those studies to get these products on the shelf still consumers.

Speaker Change: Worldwide are flocking to allo as they embrace more natural products Universal Allo saw a 30% increase in demand in 2020 as consumers navigate this growing market. How can we identify the products made with real Aloe Vera well Todd says, it's actually really tricky, but he did have a few suggestions first you should always.

Speaker Change: Chuck the ingredient list you want to see allo, you're going to see is first you really need to be super careful on the wording because it just says leased it could be any part of the lease you could be getting the latex, which you don't want unless you want a laxative effect lookout for Turkey wording like 100% gel that could mean, there is 100% Joe but not all of it is allo fillet. So you really.

Speaker Change: I know what part of the elite is being made when they say aloe gel is it a gel that made from blending up the whole leaf or is it truly just pure aloe gel. Despite these uncertainties experts don't expect the demand for allo to dip anytime soon.

Speaker Change: All of mushroom life starts here with compost mushrooms here are very picky eaters, the mushrooms in a strict diet of recycled mulch, hey, wheat straw poultry litter and corncob close the material near the end of the comp posting process Istar Karma wise, that's soft but has a lot of work.

Speaker Change: The mushroom spores or seeds are added in then it's aged pasteurized and truck to farms across the county like this one.

Speaker Change: First the number of third generation.

Speaker Change: Christmas family has been growing white button and Cremini mushroom since 1938 mushrooms are grown indoors. So that we can control the environment. It all happens on vertical shelf.

Speaker Change: Yes.

Speaker Change: Workers' use this machine to lay the compost down then comes the layer called Casey with Piedmont limestone and water. This equipment allows us to have the machine.

Speaker Change: It helps get a perfect one in three quarter inch layer. So the mushrooms don't growing evenly or come up dirty. This panel controls the growing conditions. They want a perfect combination of carbon dioxide humidity and temperature. After 16 days were ready to harvest, but its harvesters, who are hardest to find we're always start with stating the only day we don't.

Speaker Change: Work is Christmas that did not.

Speaker Change: Okay.

Speaker Change: Workers, who are considered essential now that the economy is starting to pick back up were down 20% on our workforce and it's been a major impact on our business. The mushrooms are grown and harvested in three breaks or phases, meaning each room will get picked from three times, starting with the biggest mushrooms than the weight for the little ones to mature.

Speaker Change: Just on my own along with at a particular level is a more lateral feet.

Speaker Change: But when does it work.

Speaker Change: And Lisa Gill with memorial.

Speaker Change: By late but.

Speaker Change: When I gave it mushrooms double in size every 24 hours. So pickers have to move quickly each armed with a knife, a cart and tons of boxes. They harvest every mushroom by hand, Uganda, Tuesday, youre, putting a door.

Speaker Change: Ronnie mushrooms fill up with him hammock tenant of ours does that give you a good prospect people. They don't wanted to 15 six in and out of their fan Danielle Boll Tron and his daughter Sonya run Mazda farms, just up the road I'm the second Mexican they grow margins in a courtyard stake Danielle worked as a mushroom picker for over 12 years and I was thinking on my mind.

Speaker Change: I Hope one day I get a farm today, he and Sonya owned twenty-five mushroom houses.

Speaker Change: Jamie.

Speaker Change: Every day we.

Speaker Change: And I use that as a key mutual.

Speaker Change: On a musical Diana said almost.

Speaker Change: The bulk of our work with the <unk> with many of the area.

Speaker Change: Today Harvesters work up to 12 hour days to pick as many mushrooms as they can.

Speaker Change: It is an ammonia.

Speaker Change: Yogurt, what gives us the ability adhesive, but they still can't keep up.

Speaker Change: Randy.

Speaker Change: They're well along.

Randy: We should be harvesting 10 rooms of mushrooms everyday and we usually only can get to seven or eight and.

Speaker Change: And the leftover rooms, the mushrooms will be steamed off meaning there'll be destroyed. It's a race against time because mushrooms grows so quickly waiting even one day means.

Speaker Change: Anything more in English.

Speaker Change: But then with families and customers don't like that so the value decreases for about 35 cents a pound instead of a dollar amount.

Speaker Change: There's nowhere.

Speaker Change: Robert.

Speaker Change: It gets even worse for specialty mushrooms that require even more labor like these should talkies at Philips mushroom farm.

Speaker Change: It usually takes three days to take the whole house, that's still all done by hand, so its still labor intensive or these my talkies. Each one of these logs has to be moved by Han put them on a shelf to spa and run that we take them off the shelf and bring them down here put them on the shelf to pick and then we have to pick up and then we also have to throw it away.

Speaker Change: There's six touches in the course of this things lifecycle every touches a person which are hard to come by nowadays, but the labor issues don't just stop at harvest. They can also be felt at the packing level.

Speaker Change: Let's take the case, but you must first Brian the discipline.

Speaker Change: Okay.

Speaker Change: Okay.

Speaker Change: Unlock the energy within <unk>.

Speaker Change: Okay.

Speaker Change: Megan is the third generation of her family to run mother Earth organic mushrooms. This powder mushrooms was just brought in from our farm and then we get it into one of our two coolers everything is labeled so that we know exactly what form it came from the data came in and how many pounds are brought in and it's all in our system. So we can easily trace back all of our product.

Speaker Change: Megan have machines to wash and cut the mushrooms and even to wrap and label the boxes, but everything in between from topping up a box to tracking and weighing is done by hand, and then it'll get put into Florida.

Speaker Change: To go after the customer mother Earth delivers mushrooms as far as Denver, Texas in Boston, but getting them. There is tough with so few workers. So it used to just be harvesters that were harder to get now is that our harvesting level at our supervisor level at our quality assurance level, even our office staff level truck drivers have been really hard to find as well.

Speaker Change: Problem is is that they can't get them harvested at the farm that means we don't have the market instead of hacking facility. It's a complete ripple effect. So how did the industry's labor problem becomes so dire well it starts with Kennett square his history of immigration Quakers a Protestant Christian group were the first to grow mushrooms here and 18 85 as the story goes originally.

Speaker Change: Quaker farmer, who grew carnations tried to grow mushrooms under the bed of carnations and he was successful the Quaker has been hired Italian immigrants to do the hard manual labor the Italians and started hundreds of mushroom farms of their own in the area from the 19 fifties to the seventies, former sugarcane workers from Puerto Rico settled into.

Speaker Change: Kenneth square and took over picking the mushrooms, but when they began asking for higher wages and better working conditions farm owners fired them and hired Mexican immigrants instead.

Speaker Change: 186, President Ronald Reagan signed an immigration bill that gave legal status to certain undocumented agricultural workers, who came into the country before 1982 that really really help for their Mexican workers. Most Mexican work on the milestone industry or for I would say at least 40 years, the build Kennett square into Americas mushroom caps.

Speaker Change: <unk> is now produces 60% of the country's product.

Speaker Change: But that population of Mexican immigrants is aging out of this work and their kids have chosen other career path with that.

Speaker Change: Are they getting people from Central America.

Speaker Change: Even before the pandemic. These workers began leaving for other industries. There's people that say Oh like you go to construction or you go to landscaping and make more money to make things worse strict immigration laws in the U S have suffocated, the legal flow of central and Latin American workers, because mushrooms are year round crop the industry does.

Speaker Change: Isn't qualify for the H two a temporary worker program, which allows immigrants to come into the U S and worse in seasonal agriculture. The labor Crunch is affecting every mushroom farm, both small and large.

Speaker Change: To entice the few pickers left farm owners are offering perks higher pay housing and transportation to and from work our harvesters work on a piece rate we pay them per box my average harvester earns over $14 an hour, but I have some harvesters that make over $20 an hour I would like to pay them more to come.

Speaker Change: You just can't afford to yet agriculture in general and mushroom farm, specifically work on very thin margins. So when we can't harvest, 10% of our products were definitely losing money, Chris is losing $40000 in revenue a week for this current year with probably a wash somewhere in the middle of 250000.

Speaker Change: This maintenance at all.

Speaker Change: Got it.

Speaker Change: It is painful.

Speaker Change: Happens farms will either have to reduce their scale and still less growing rooms for the eventually would have to shut down altogether Chester County, mushroom farmers lost $168 million in 2020 and that has a significant effect on the market, which is booming in popularity for the last 10 Years' worth.

Speaker Change: A demand increase of 3% to 5% every year sales in grocery stores have gone up by 15% in 2021 customers are asking every day to fill their orders and we just don't have enough mushrooms to do that so it's difficult to want to expand want to provide all the orders that they.

Speaker Change: One and then see mushrooms just go to waste the solution for the labor issue isn't an easy one farmers have already automated much of the process. Some have turned to growing bigger mushrooms and you grow larger maharam. It actually makes it a lot faster for the harvesters to pick them. So we can get them quicker here and get them out for our customers and do it with less labor the American mushroom instead.

Speaker Change: <unk> is pushing the Senate to pass this farm workforce modernization Act the bill would extend the age to a temporary worker program to the mushroom industry that way immigrants to get an agricultural worker visa to pick mushrooms, we need more migrant workers, we need more ability to bring people up to the country just like our grandparents did they came up.

Speaker Change: Works, two jobs and worked hard to make a better life for ourselves and we need to continue to have America do that for new immigrant populations others in the industry are considering robot pickers, though not everyone things through the best option, you can't really get a machine to be as delicate as a person hand to choose exactly which month.

Speaker Change: Sure you are.

Speaker Change: So I have to have like the eye to see which one is ready to pick robots. Like this are still three years away until then farmers will keep putting up the call for anybody to come help pick mushrooms.

Speaker Change: Yes.

Speaker Change: Next we have the Thailand, where farmers harvest a million metric tons of the world's most expensive dairy increase each year.

Speaker Change: Gary in his native to several tropical climates around the world, including Thailand, Thailand alone goes over 300 varieties, but the most expensive <unk> or grown in number Barry province there.

Speaker Change: Known as not <unk> not.

Speaker Change: <unk> makes up the highest grade of bearing and in Thailand and is often given as a token of respect even among not variance two varieties stand out the most expensive, Kenya, Algerian and the slightly more affordable Montana Darien.

Speaker Change: If you love to travel capital one has a rewards credit card that's perfect for you with central.

Speaker Change: Unlimited double miles on everything you buy and get access to over 1300 Airport lounges open up a world of possibilities with capital one what's in your wallet.

Speaker Change: I'll I'll follow my phone calls that will come up all of my mangled one modality bylaw all my quick lube back on my mind I'm too Blue Bloods.

Speaker Change: Todd will go to the bed Bath Antelope Amendment Gunther <unk>.

Speaker Change: Yes.

Speaker Change: <unk> is described as having refined and sweet pulp with a mild fragrance and creamy texture, whereas other lesser grade <unk> are set to have a stronger smell and a watery texture.

Speaker Change: Diane has a distinct taste and smell for two main reasons, none libraries environment and the growing practices of its farmers.

Speaker Change: <unk> Barry Province has been a center for dairy and farming in Thailand for over 300 years farmers in this region have been honing their technique for generation using their resources and skill to grow the highest quality dorians possible.

Speaker Change: The resources they depend on it as a child for Ya River, which flows through non Newberry and fertilizers the soil.

Speaker Change: All of the pillar for Napa in NIM and leads have gone back on my board.

Speaker Change: Me by Tanami put the co op.

Speaker Change: Yeah, Hi.

Speaker Change: I'm, leaving you with El Aguila high mortality.

Speaker Change: We'll tally that up.

Speaker Change: But the river water isn't used to water the dairy entries themselves farmers in number Barry prefer to buy freshwater which they believe improves the final quality of the Darien.

Speaker Change: How about widely known Ben-gurion P money that got bought Shimon.

Speaker Change: Powerful partner.

Speaker Change: By that time.

Speaker Change: Last name and I'm not in part not the homes on one on Sunshine.

Speaker Change: Thompson.

Speaker Change: Hi.

Speaker Change: Definitely a high reliable fill in on that.

Speaker Change: As opposed to down with peak annual call, you'll have one couldn't lockup overnight both of my <unk> fallen behind one soon.

Speaker Change: Now onto Guadalajara is volatile.

Speaker Change: After planting it takes about six years for a healthy dairy entry to bear fruit.

Speaker Change: Once the trees start to flower farmers count the days until the fruits alright.

Speaker Change: Depending on the breed this can span 90 to 150 days.

Speaker Change: But it's not only the time and labor that make not Darien so pricey.

Speaker Change: To provide this kind of care add up.

Speaker Change: Just the water cost about $2200 per year.

Speaker Change: I'd have to get out of.

Speaker Change: Hamilton House O&M notebook now.

Speaker Change: How far underneath it no.

Speaker Change: No hike in Dallas at Blue Nile, a hollow Lammon lighthouse lie hopefully Bob I'm wondering how long was that I have absolutely.

Speaker Change: Farmers have to constantly check the trees and look for any infections or insects, and they wrap each dorian and plastic to protect it.

Speaker Change: They must harvest the <unk> one by one when each fruit is perfectly ripe.

Speaker Change: Oh hi.

Speaker Change: I didn't know.

Speaker Change: My bad.

Speaker Change: The Hopper hip hop on to that.

Speaker Change: What I've been seeing him bylaw <unk> go through the summer.

Speaker Change: Matt.

Speaker Change: This time consuming and labor intensive techniques have a major impact on the flavor and final value of not Darien.

Speaker Change: Two and a half kilogram, Montana <unk>, some app, Hey, Dona farm can close over $100.

Speaker Change: That's about a third of the price of Kenya, making it a more popular and affordable option for customers.

Speaker Change: God he chopping pieces that have been won ponca fill up.

Speaker Change: Duffy 19th knew that xylophone told me when cannot that Tpa Chubb on Tom <unk> like E S nickel demand.

Speaker Change: Our library now so it doesn't go up now that you have a huge alloy and you've actually capabilities.

Speaker Change: Okay.

Speaker Change: <unk> on the other hand is the most expensive not very and you can buy.

Speaker Change: Depending on its size, Kenya, Darien from Appia on your farm can range from about 380 to $530 per fruit.

Speaker Change: But despite Kenya steep price demand for this variety is growing and supply can't keep up.

Speaker Change: Jumping at me.

Speaker Change: And I have one song on the album.

Speaker Change: The bulk of them.

Speaker Change: La and Miami.

Speaker Change: Maybe it'll have had that ball at all.

Speaker Change: By YOD Guy asked a rebate on it.

Speaker Change: Oh man up on yet to adopt by your he hopes it does it blow on that.

Speaker Change: All in our <unk> done that by powerful ability at all Mike.

Speaker Change: One of the main challenges is the climate crisis.

Speaker Change: Oh.

Speaker Change: No lack of who they are with him does he have got been Bang Pola downward known loblaw blah blah blah blah blah blah.

Speaker Change: Gotcha.

Speaker Change: And then I didn't I'm now Nancy off on Pete <unk>.

Speaker Change: Yeah.

Speaker Change: LSI is hyper hornack unpopular with thoughtful bond haul long Haylofts silwan, joypop, one of whom he couldn't allying at cost.

Speaker Change: The tropical climate required to grow <unk> also makes the farms susceptible to floods storms and other extreme weather.

Speaker Change: In 1995 in 2011 floods destroyed almost all of the dairy entries another party in.

Speaker Change: In 2011 about 1100 acres of dairy entries were leveled.

Speaker Change: Only 17 acres survive.

Speaker Change: After this bench amount had to start the six year process over.

Speaker Change: I'll, let Ben fully anti lots Atlanta won't be happy.

Speaker Change: Oh come on now.

Speaker Change: So instead of anthem.

Speaker Change: Great.

Speaker Change: Are you in those housing alive Julianna.

Julianna: Yes, let's take the case, but you must first line with discipline.

Speaker Change: Okay.

Speaker Change: Okay.

Speaker Change: Okay.

Speaker Change: Unlocked the energy within <unk>.

Speaker Change: Yes.

Speaker Change: Yeah.

Speaker Change: Sure.

Speaker Change: The global market for <unk> is expected to reach over $28 billion by 2025.

Speaker Change: And that means upper ranya and other non the Berry farms will likely continue selling out of not darien in the years to come.

Speaker Change: Yes.

Speaker Change: Larry's, a fifth generation farmer and Fort Meade, Florida, we've been growing citrus in my family since the 18 fifties when I first started in the industry citrus occupied over 900000 acres in the state of Florida. In fact, some years, we had too much fruit in market prices were depressed.

Speaker Change: Just 15 years ago his family packs a million Orange cartons, a year, mostly Valencia oranges, the big Sweet Juicy kind, you planted a grow or expecting that to last for multiple generations. The first cases that you're screening was reported in China back in 1918, it quickly spread across the continent devastating citrus groves, when India and Saudi.

Speaker Change: Arabia is well known.

Speaker Change: Knows exactly how the Asian, Citrus psyllid made it to Florida, but in 1998. It showed up on an orange Jasmine plant in our backyard in Palm Beach County.

Speaker Change: And they quickly spread throughout the state uninfected route stocks, but.

Speaker Change: But it would take another seven years before Florida's orange trees showed signs of green.

Speaker Change: It spreads throughout the state before you, even though its presence and in 2005, Larry found his first infected tree. It was a real challenge in an eye opening for US we knew what a threat it could beat our operation and we were fearful there were more infected trees that just had not been detected at first Larry tried removing all of the sector.

Speaker Change: Yes.

Speaker Change: In fact move faster soon infecting too many to control when it still had munchies under citrus tree. It leaves behind the bacteria that causes screening here in the vascular tissue the bacteria replicate and blocks. This important highway for moving nutrients.

Speaker Change: Underground the route system spin and die out.

Speaker Change: Above ground you noticed the yellow pattern, the dark Green Sparks and you can see me through the canopy of this tree that means the tree is really really sick, while the trees do keep bearing oranges for a few years. The fruit essentially never ripened do you see it's small in size it remains screen and when I cut this route.

Speaker Change: You see an odd shape.

Speaker Change: You can still eat the fruit its just not as sweet.

Speaker Change: But the orange juice from this fruit.

Speaker Change: Has lower sugar content or bricks, the normal fruit, but theres nothing wrong with the juice.

Speaker Change: It's awful and 40% of those oranges pollo off the tree sooner than usual.

Speaker Change: Korea is actually starving and kills the tree overtime today, researchers estimate 90% of all orange trees in the state have the bacteria no longer do you see citrus trees abundant in the landscape Larry has kept his trees alive and producing for 15 years using a combination of horticultural techniques developed by scientists at the University of Florida some of our.

Speaker Change: Work that is going on right now is finding ways to keep those trees that do have the disease still producing fruit that are usable.

Speaker Change: It themselves look like.

Speaker Change: Alright.

Speaker Change: So theyre very small theres, an escapee exercise.

Speaker Change: Theyre small that kind of jump around a little bit. So is this thing called an aspirator or at the more fun term ways of children as tutor and you suck them up at basically a little vacuum in my hand here.

Speaker Change: Here, Lauren deepened Brock who studied the silhouettes movement to learn what might keep them off of citrus treat using the aspirator is actually a really efficient way to collect solid she's figured out a few things that detract silly.

Speaker Change: This <unk>, it's great on the trees to high believes from the index, which uses lightwave links to see one study showed the claim was more effective than insecticides. The second thing Loren is researching is these eight foot wide sheets of plastic called reflective mulch the idea.

Speaker Change: Is that it should make it restored can't find the host plant it could be that applying them or cognizant of visual deterrent how does it work.

Speaker Change: Somewhat.

Speaker Change: We do get fill it we do get them, but we do get them at a reduced rate.

Speaker Change: A few years ago farmers discovered that putting plastic bags around maybe trees, but help them grow stronger before infection Laurens now studying how effective these individual protective covers or ipc's actually can be.

Speaker Change: So this is a b C mesh and as you can see they put a hold on it you can see my hand, very clearly when Sun rain. It all get through here. The goal is to really keep the agents that you still had off the tree and then if you look underneath this.

Speaker Change: This is our irrigation the baby trees will grow in the IP sees for two years.

Speaker Change: Perfect. So youre still going to have some stuff on them. We do have some past issues in here, but yeah. They look really good compared to what the open field and this will actually give arteries a fighting chance once we're out in the environment and they could potentially get infected with CLI scientist trip keep Ashish things. The key is in the soil we have been learning that the trees need these new.

Speaker Change: Fans to fight infection, that's interesting because of this disease have a small group or fewer route so theyre not very efficient and picking up the nutrients. It's like a job of 10 people needs to be done by one person theme. The Duluth, she figured out by giving smaller doses of fertilizer and water more frequently helps the sick.

Speaker Change: Routes absorb nutrients better and it's similar like us.

Speaker Change: Don't meals each day, rather than three big meals are better.

Speaker Change: As with the fertilizer and litigation smaller doses are better than big doses.

Speaker Change: Larry uses fertilizer custom designed for history. He is also planning more young ones one of our strategies for dealing with greening as the plant.

Speaker Change: Growth at higher densities were planning 300 trees per acre compared to 140 to 150 trees per acre before we were dealing with the disease. So if he knows all the trees will get infected with more planted hopefully some will survive.

Speaker Change: Coors have also tried releasing predator wasp and spring insecticides.

Speaker Change: Well Theres no silver bullet in combination. These short term solutions have sort of works you can slow down the decline we've been battling citrus screening for 15 years and while the industry is not thriving we're definitely surviving but the problem is all of these approaches tack on an extra $600 per acre onto production costs for <unk>.

Speaker Change: Lowers our revenues are down by more than half on an individual basis growers are losing money and many couldnt swallow the losses by early 2022 half of Florida's Orange growers have left the industry. So while he waits for a long term solution Larry's taking the hit so he can keep harvesting the same way his family.

Speaker Change: <unk> has one.

Speaker Change: Workers quickly pick the oranges and drop them into bags once they've got a good batch pickers dumped them into baskets in the grove workers than truck the oranges to the packing facility just down the road.

Speaker Change: We have eight digital cameras that take the picture of each piece of fruit as it travels through the packing line, we used in electronics order to divide the crop back color if their orange enough. The fruit gets cleaned and hit with a layer of natural wax. It preserves the fruits extends its shelf life today because of H L. B.

Speaker Change: Larry packs have as many boxes as he did 17 years ago. If the orders are a bit too green Larry knows it'll be hard to sell on the fresh side. So we send them to get you at the Florida Natural plant in Lake Wales, Larry owns the Juicing plant along with other local growers as part of the Companys cooperative about 90% of the fruit grown in the state goes to Orange.

Speaker Change: But just like growers the factory has been getting fewer oranges, so less efficiency in the plant with a lower fruit volume the factory had to shut down one of its key processing lines. Nowadays 60000 boxes of oranges arrive at the plant through cooperative farms across Central Florida, that's about 30000 fewer than before each lb within <unk>.

Speaker Change: Four hours of harvesting the we use the fruit this machine squeezes the juice out of every orange, we pull out any seeds and we also collect the pulp where we can add that back to whatever degree we want to do that the Jews gets pasteurized and then pumped into cartons, but remember greening effects oranges natural sugar content.

Speaker Change: Florida's natural have to blend infected oranges with sweeter ones from different regions or even seasons. It still tastes like orange juice, it's just not quite a suite.

Speaker Change: Today, the factory pumps out about a third less than pre greening they need a home for their fruit, where they can get maximum value that hopefully can sustain their operations endless solution. The greening has found many scientists believe the long term solution lies with reengineering nature, either genetically changing the bug itself, we're naturally breeding citrus trees.

Speaker Change: Timidly, a tree this resistant or intolerant to the disease will be key that's the project Fred Demeter and his team are working on at the University of Florida, They're trying to breed for an H O be resistant orange variety, meaning even if the disease shows up the tree will get sick.

Speaker Change: To do that he takes two different types of trees, maybe one with yummy oranges and one that's resistant and essentially has the meat and their kid well hopefully still tastes good but won't get H L. B, that's really the Holy Grail of of Citrus screening research, but that's not easy finding a resistant wound is like looking for a genetic needle in a hay.

Speaker Change: Stack, it's extremely difficult to bring New Orleans, we know of some kinds of trees related to orange is that are resisting.

Speaker Change: And we're trying to access the genetics of those resistant types by making crosses Fred says it could take more than a decade. So it's long term, there's always an element of serendipity in this but armed with that miracle resistant trees, they could be better prepared to tackle future diseases, It's a global interconnected world.

Speaker Change: We live in people and plant diseases move about pretty freely and so there will be another problem. Another disease come along I believe science will continue to deliver new tools that will make growing citrus easier over time I'll look forward to those days I'm sure. We will have other challenges that we'll face in time, but today citrus.

Speaker Change: Screening is here to stay.

Speaker Change: Sure.

Speaker Change: Franck family has been making cheese in the town of <unk> of all day for over 150 years.

Speaker Change: Every day he starts by warming over 600 gallons of milk pumped in from the milking barn.

Speaker Change: Okay.

Speaker Change: Okay.

Speaker Change: Neil floating it now is like a 37 degrees is the body temperature of about.

Speaker Change: For every batch of cheese he adds rented enzymes that make the proteins in the mail clumped together into solid current leaving behind the liquid way.

Speaker Change: Uh huh.

Speaker Change: Brendan.

Speaker Change: Like apheresis spreading through the mail.

Speaker Change: Okay. After.

Speaker Change: After 30 minutes, a giant Curt is formed.

Speaker Change: Break open.

Speaker Change: Okay.

Speaker Change: This machine start cutting it into pieces.

Speaker Change: And we are good at real small in order to have very little moisture entities in order to make it to use which again eight four years.

Speaker Change: France parents taught them how to make cheese. When he was 22 years old brother and I on the seventh generation kapteyn, producing teeth and milking cows and.

Speaker Change: There will be at least seven generations of cows walking on this farm as well.

Speaker Change: Okay.

Speaker Change: He took over the family business with his brother in January of 2022, I think 50% of <unk> people has a great grandfather.

Speaker Change: Been a farmer.

Speaker Change: Farmers shape the landscape in the Netherlands.

Speaker Change: In the 13th century, nearly a fifth of what is now the Netherlands was under water over the centuries, the Dutch built dikes to hold back the see farmers drained large portions of the reclaimed land to plant crops, but one of the only things that would grow on the wet soil with grass.

Speaker Change: So raising cattle for meat milk and cheese became big business.

Speaker Change: The dairy industry eventually became a symbol of the Netherlands as much as tulips and windmills milking cows, great Dutch masterpieces by Vermeer and then go.

Speaker Change: By the 20th century, the Netherlands was producing so much cheez it was a valuable exports.

Speaker Change: Today, almost all Dutch dairy farms sell their milk to big factories that pasteurize, it and used machines to make cheese on a large scale.

Speaker Change: But Frank only works with raw milk, just 4% of Dutch dairy farms make how the in house like he does still produce it on the way like my Great grandfather died and I don't know if that extra goods, but I like it.

Speaker Change: And what machines do at factories, he's still prefers doing by hand like checking the consistency of the current himself.

Speaker Change: It's just the way, it's like almost 30 degrees.

Speaker Change: And the curtains real soft now.

Speaker Change: Yeah.

Speaker Change: And now.

Speaker Change: Oh here it says like this and in a way and over there and there is no good anymore.

Speaker Change: But I'm just checking.

Speaker Change: It's as good as a bit.

Speaker Change: Equally divided.

Speaker Change: Equally spread.

Speaker Change: He can start draining out some of that liquid way, but nothing goes to waste.

Speaker Change: These skins of that to make butter and beats the way to his pigs.

Speaker Change: You are already happy with just the way.

Speaker Change: Yes.

Speaker Change: And I like better on my Sandwich in the morning.

Speaker Change: [music].

Speaker Change: Okay.

Speaker Change: He slices the leftover occurred intersections large enough for a wheel of cheese.

Speaker Change: He gauges the right amount by field.

Speaker Change: Meanwhile, France employee Savannah prepares the old buckets, most of which were Frank screen fathers.

Speaker Change: I only asked for farmers in the Netherlands, we still use a word in buckets.

Speaker Change: Frank drift the cloth below the surface and piles the Kurds on top.

Speaker Change: Okay.

Speaker Change: Mcauliffe will help the last bit of way drain out.

Speaker Change: They repeat the process for 12 wheels of cheap.

Speaker Change: Yeah.

Mcauliffe: There's a lot of way until I think about 25 30 feet of Grand something like that.

Mcauliffe: Sure.

Mcauliffe: And it goes here.

Mcauliffe: These presses squeeze out the remaining liquid.

Mcauliffe: Yes.

Mcauliffe: All of this T is comes from the milk of Bronx, 200 female cows.

Mcauliffe: The Netherlands has nearly 1.6 million of them and they produce lots of nitrogen.

Mcauliffe: What they eat fertilizer grown grass in the summer and imported grain and so a year round.

Mcauliffe: Their P is full of nitrogen to and when it mixes with their poop it creates a gas called ammonia.

Mcauliffe: The plumes of ammonia dropped down onto nature reserves and instead of by the soil.

Mcauliffe: Nitrogen loving plants like grass take over well other native plants can absorb proper nutrients.

Mcauliffe: From there, it's a domino effect, many native plants grow week or die out snails can't get enough nutrients to build their shelves the birds that eat the snails can't develop egg whether it ticks are born with rail boats.

Mcauliffe: Inside one of the Netherlands largest national Parks Rangers like autonomy Gate, Fiserv, bundling say oak and pine trees are dying out they're all fake theres, none not one that I would say Oh, you know, that's very very fit or very.

Mcauliffe: Our healthy tree.

Mcauliffe: You can say that the threes are starving its not getting older nutrients that it needs to be a very healthy full growing oaktree that it can be.

Mcauliffe: Environmentalists' say 14 habitats in the country are on the brink of collapse. The dairy sector is one of the drivers of biodiversity loss in the Netherlands back in 1990 to what is now the European Union adopted a law known as the habitats directive requiring countries to designate nature areas.

Mcauliffe: For conservation.

Mcauliffe: In order to comply the Netherlands introduced policies to cut nitrogen on these protected lands.

Mcauliffe: Back then that's farms had one of the highest ammonia emission rates in Europe by 2019, the industry had cut its emissions by almost two thirds covered manure storage like below the slatted floor has helped a.

Mcauliffe: If it stays sealed underground for enough time, the ammonia will evaporate as much.

Mcauliffe: Everywhere, we are sending us two meters deep basement pool manure and b.

Mcauliffe: But these efforts alone weren't enough.

Mcauliffe: The farmers releasing the most ammonia sat near those protected nature reserves, the nation's highest court said, the Netherlands needed to do more.

Mcauliffe: The government's scramble to comply.

Mcauliffe: Some lawmakers suggested cutting the number of animals in the country in half.

Speaker Change: Farmers were outraged.

Speaker Change: Protested for weeks dumping manure on streets, and blocking roads with tractors.

Speaker Change: Yes.

Mcauliffe: This forms the thought there.

Mcauliffe: Oh go forward without them along with that the Haynesville Fayetteville may have anger.

Mcauliffe: All of the management done by early 2023, the government lowered the goal to a 50% cut.

Mcauliffe: But by then our pro forma political party named to the farmers citizen movement had swept provincial elections.

Mcauliffe: Rick Looters is a party leader in this area, we haven't nitrogen law, which is rigid and is fully focused on dairy farming.

Mcauliffe: Everyone that this law is gone.

Mcauliffe: Soon after the government announced a 1.6 billion dollar plan to buyout and close up to 3000 high emitting farms near nature reserves.

Mcauliffe: A farmer can voluntarily take the buyout and possibly get more than their farm is worth.

Mcauliffe: But for Franck selling his seven generation farm isn't an option. He says his cows are like family. This is gena is the highest ranking.

Mcauliffe: As the leader of the Earth.

Mcauliffe: The buses other cows away waiver had mainly.

Mcauliffe: When she wants to drink and there's one other gout buying.

Mcauliffe: Move aside I'm, Gina here, I am and I want to drink.

Mcauliffe: He even got married on this farm surrounded by his cows.

Mcauliffe: And its tradition and his family to name cows after relatives.

Speaker Change: Names that go after my daughter as well.

Speaker Change: Frank and his brother milk, the cows twice a day.

Speaker Change: Perfect cleaned.

Speaker Change: At left from right from from <unk> and left rare.

Speaker Change: Yes.

Mcauliffe: And then we.

Mcauliffe: Connect.

Mcauliffe: The milking.

Mcauliffe: There is a little bit of vacuum underneath so it sucks the milk away.

Mcauliffe: Frank it's about eight gallons of milk a day from each cow.

Mcauliffe: What he can milk in 15 minutes would have taken his grandfather, an entire day.

Mcauliffe: Sure.

Mcauliffe:

Mcauliffe: New technology helped dairy and livestock farms consolidate beginning in the mid 20th century.

Mcauliffe: Little pharma Cheesemakers they quit.

Mcauliffe: And a big one.

Mcauliffe: Grow bigger to this day between 70 and 80% of the country's dairy is sent abroad, mainly to other European countries. That's all in the region between let's say, London, Paris, and Berlin within the area of 800 kilometers in the USA you would call that a local product the Netherlands is also the.

Mcauliffe: He used largest exporter of meat.

Mcauliffe: It's about $9 billion worth of pork beef and poultry internationally every year and it does it all on land now much bigger than the U S state of Maryland.

Mcauliffe: For much of the world the Netherlands became a roadmap for how to farm efficiently at scale.

Mcauliffe: But environmentalists' like Natasha Orla months' from the World Wildlife Fund see it differently.

Natasha Orla: I see the Netherlands, as an example of where everything went wrong exporting the meat and dairy and having a huge amount of manure youre in the Netherlands, causing all these environmental and societal problems.

Natasha Orla: The farmers, we spoke to said saving the environment should go hand in hand with preserving their centuries old traditions.

Natasha Orla: Okay.

Natasha Orla: Traditions like flipping the cheese and the first 24 hours of peace, we turn it like six times.

Mcauliffe: Okay.

Mcauliffe: Flipping insurers both sides of the wheel will be round like the curve of the bucket.

Mcauliffe: He is already turning yellow.

Mcauliffe: So it's a good sign.

Mcauliffe: Then he moves the Ts wheels into a salty brine to solve that is mainly for making a cross around the cheese, a little bit of salt. So we'll get deeper into the case for a little bit of space.

Mcauliffe: Frank Ages as specialty how the for up to 10 years at a consistent 59 degrees Fahrenheit.

Ron: This is Ron.

Ron: 2013, so a 10 years old now.

Ron: Okay.

Ron: And still looking shiny.

Ron: Yes.

Ron: Here, he stores hundreds of wheels or $100000 worth of cheese.

Ron: Every day, we turn them put an extra layer <unk>.

Ron: On top of it.

Ron: That liquid plastic coating seals in the moisture and of course to keep more away.

Ron: A few areas.

Ron: Lift it.

Ron: Get stuck on the shelf.

Ron: So that's why you flip it as well.

Ron: As it ages friendly bacteria buildup amino acids. These crystals.

Ron: The flavor of the case comes from.

Ron: Frank can tell its aging well from the sound.

Speaker Change: Nice slip.

Frank: Yes, Frank.

Speaker Change: Frank is one of over 45000 people working in the Dutch dairy industry.

Speaker Change: If you just take out there for the farmers and all.

Speaker Change: The jobs and income.

Speaker Change: These people going to work they go to the Sydney probably.

Speaker Change: And the Ole.

Speaker Change: Villages at the countryside will.

Speaker Change: Some ghosts cities I think.

Speaker Change: Within 10, or 15 years, I'm worried who's going to produce our food.

Speaker Change: And where is it coming from.

Speaker Change: Many farmers now face a tough decision.

Speaker Change: Take the buyout decreased their herds move their farms or make precis upgrades to try to cut nitrogen emissions.

Speaker Change: But not everyone can afford costly innovations.

Speaker Change: Many farmers are working on narrow margins or are already in that.

Speaker Change: Farmers don't get them.

Speaker Change: Loan from from the bank because they say Oh, we don't know if you can still farm. After this Q2 be deregulation plus farmers don't even know yet if innovations could actually save their farm from closure.

Speaker Change: Researchers at Viking and University are hoping they can.

Speaker Change: This is not a commercial day for them to reset symbol.

Speaker Change: That's kees de Koning he runs the university's campus.

Speaker Change: His team is testing different iterations of the slotted for Frank has.

Speaker Change: We can run trials, where we separate the yoy then the solids.

Speaker Change: We're also studying the effect of robotic scrapers and poop vacuum by quickly moving waste into closed storage vacuums reduce methane and ammonia loss, but he's estimates one like this could cost over $20000 and a farm of 120 cows would need to.

Speaker Change: He says changing cows diets is a cheaper option. So gave me feed gazans saturate that we have less ammonia mission, our lesson items or losses.

Speaker Change: His team feeds the cows different combinations of food than they use these troughs to test how much the animals eat and their mission.

Speaker Change: This system is identified so we know exactly which Dol.

Speaker Change: The bulks.

Speaker Change: Okay.

Speaker Change: So with innovations can't help farmers still have the option of the buyout.

Speaker Change: As of November 2023, nearly 1000 livestock farms had registered for it.

Speaker Change: Almost a quarter where dairy farms.

Speaker Change: But the government wont pay them out for a while that we will.

Speaker Change: Take at least another six months to a year before that.

Speaker Change: Finalized.

Speaker Change: That same month, a new right wing Party P. V. D won the most seats in the country's parliamentary elections.

Speaker Change: Cared builders the parties leader spoke at farmer protests earlier in the year.

Speaker Change: Killing our farmers.

Speaker Change: He left dish level, that's top of microchip problem in the Netherlands.

Speaker Change: The party has signaled that wants to stop government spending on initiatives to curb nitrogen, including the funding for the buyout plan.

Speaker Change: They called the P. D V will form a coalition with other pro farmer parties, and we can make new laws, it's quite simple, but I call issue could take months.

Speaker Change: The World Wildlife Fund says this delay will only lead to further deterioration of nature. Meanwhile, farmers are in limbo.

Speaker Change: Limbo to sterilize, the agricultural sector and that limbo is very dangerous when nature as well because it still suffering.

Speaker Change: Current law.

Speaker Change: I can feel for them.

Speaker Change: This problem isn't unique to the Netherlands.

Speaker Change: Dairy farmers in Ireland might have to decrease the size of their hurts because of unsafe nitrogen levels in rivers, which are causing algae blooms.

Speaker Change: New Zealand has some of the most polluted water ways in the world.

Speaker Change: Dairy farming is one of the biggest sources of these dangerous nitrate levels in drinking water.

Speaker Change: And in the U S State of California, Agriculture has contributed to hazardous air pollution.

Speaker Change: All of these countries will have to contend with the same questions the Netherlands faces today.

Speaker Change: How do we feed ourselves preserves tradition keep economies running and protect our planet I don't see myself as being opposing to farmers I'm opposed to the system. The way. It is now ecologically a disaster and it's also about bringing pharmacy appropriate income so basically it says <unk>.

Speaker Change: Some of that's being broken and the system needs to be fixed.

Speaker Change: Frank seems open two effects two if it helps.

Speaker Change: Later or climb and bring it on.

Speaker Change: Maybe then his family can continue making Ts for another seven generations I hope that dairy farmers have a future in the Netherlands, I think we're really connected to the landscape I hope a farmer won't grow too big so it can be run on a family scale.

Speaker Change: I think that's a beautiful way of living.

Speaker Change: You probably know the Cavendish banana you can find these type of banana in every supermarket around the world. There is so popular because they're yummy, they look nice and the Raven as they transport it's high yielding just got fixed skiing, instead of traveling swell and tastes pretty good comes and assigned package, but theres a.

Speaker Change: Problem they are.

Speaker Change: They don't have to be no seeds means Cavendish bananas are clones of each other so the only way to propagate them is in vitro or by taking new growth called suckers from the base of an older plant, but since they're all genetic copies Cavendish are really vulnerable to disease.

Speaker Change: Domino effect, if you have everything wrong with just one loan one disease can kill everything then they plan that's exactly what's happening with tier four one of the deadliest plant diseases out there.

Speaker Change: The fungus doesn't spread to humans, but it does eventually kill the banana plant so no more fruit grows.

Speaker Change: I just guess the fungus probably started somewhere in south East Asia in the nineties and quickly spread across the globe than in 2019, It hit Latin America combined with the Caribbean that area grow 75% of the world's bananas, but he made owner like young the module the impact obligate if was that even with the army and he said guy.

Speaker Change: And convenient.

Speaker Change: There is a pent up or is it inventory part of anthem entered about boy in Hawaii that when all of it by the end of my important variables and one on EDA.

Speaker Change: To make sure the fungus doesn't spread farms across Colombia had implemented bio security measures.

Speaker Change: 42 was one of the first firms in the country to detect tier four.

Speaker Change: Okay.

Speaker Change: Okay.

Speaker Change: Okay.

Speaker Change: Workers' washed down and disinfect the underside of any car that comes in just in case theres infected soil hiding in the trends.

Speaker Change: Physical gear.

Speaker Change: We will implement other games and in Kentucky.

Speaker Change: But there's some totally pursue those abacus global weekend access almost tripled.

Speaker Change: Triple net single.

Speaker Change: Is it all available to the cultural journey and get us out of this.

Speaker Change: California, Arizona.

Speaker Change: So let me and people can look it's always going to organize your consumed cholesterol USA lumpy.

Speaker Change: Yeah.

Speaker Change: Antonio's team built cement pass throughout the farm so on their way to harvest workers are walking on open soils.

Speaker Change: But we feel that I forgot I think almost zero. So yeah. That's what AGA study roller border once they've reached the area ready to be harvested workers walked through a sanitizing foot bath made of ammonium and premiere in Hawaii.

Speaker Change: Food and paper and they think of oriented Saudi have gone to a fourth one is just on a call okay.

Speaker Change: Wireless product line.

Speaker Change: They fall out in the field workers measure the banana fingers to make sure they're ready to harvest, they're usually ready about 12 to 13 weeks after the fruits them shows up.

Speaker Change: Sure.

Speaker Change: One worker cuts down to 65 pound bundle, while the other catches it and carries it to the cable way.

Speaker Change: Yes.

Speaker Change: Okay.

Speaker Change: Yes.

Speaker Change: That cable we've system brings all of those banana bunches to the packaging plants.

Speaker Change: First workers sanitize, a bunches with Corey.

Speaker Change: The quote here instead for Gabon.

Speaker Change: Thriller among touched a lot on.

Speaker Change: Let me check the bananas for quality and any signs of Fusari and damage.

Speaker Change: They cut off and throw bushels into a huge tank that fast not only preserves the bananas. The washes off any of the latex that naturally occurs am appeal, the bananas get cut into smaller bunches of five to seven portfolio.

Speaker Change: Corona front, they might put up this year.

Speaker Change: Next come most famous sticker bottler double is below what it was the most impacted workers wrap the banana carefully really don't Bruce.

Speaker Change: So wrapping is holding at the bananas can ripen as they travel no more than four hours. After the bananas are harvested those boxes and up on pallets loaded onto trucks and if it doesn't what ideas and I'm always synthesis and the God there on their habit Anita.

Speaker Change: And thank God the Walmart.

Speaker Change: Yes.

Speaker Change: The bananas are truck to the nearby port when they moved onto ships this shipments headed to the U S.

Speaker Change: With equipment bananas and people moving along this global supply chain, it's easy to see how the fungus could spread if tier four does sneak into a farm. The Colombian government has laid out strict guidelines for containing the fungus cause. He then there's somewhat union caravans yonkers, it really slow in a seminar in to say that I know of.

Speaker Change: There is enormous.

Speaker Change: Say window castle and often go in order to those that means they found symptoms like the yellow.

Speaker Change: Just flipping once.

Speaker Change: Once tier four as identified in a plant you can't just kill that one plant and the fungus goes about 10 feet deep into the soil once the pathogenic <unk> seen the soil is almost impossible to eradicate so you have to kill off all the plants in that area.

Speaker Change: So those are the.

Speaker Change: But it would be wrong for Camel, then you'll get it I got it.

Speaker Change: They say that that is lucky and some momentum here for long alumina pull up a sense yeah, There's Atlanta software Joe's was Atlanta, passing through a powerful study.

Speaker Change: To keep operating the rest of the farm Evan nor T. Two followed the government's three zone plan will not the last one that's on a real hunger and last one I must say the canola plant they won't see donuts assessing mellowed everything gets yours be injected herbicide kills all the plants in zone, a notional mendes isn't a bleak or not all of them into the application.

Speaker Change: Equally so political that TARP, so birds won't land on the fungus and spread it around there also can now is around the zone to keep any water away from the infected area.

Speaker Change: And don't be called the buffer zone, if I'm guessing you didn't do a lot plant apparel commencing this kimono era interests us only that's what I would do finally in don't see plants are allowed to grow but they're constantly monitored for signs of tier four.

Speaker Change: Who they estimate bio security has caused this farm as much as $5 million since 2019, so they're pricey, but the measures are working keeping the fungus obey and told them already contains youll Magdalena is this out of some the paradigm in total even though there was a real driver of why don't go because the woman.

Speaker Change: One is the macro scenario.

Speaker Change: These bio security measures have contained the fungus in Colombia and kept it from spreading to Ecuador, the largest exporter of bananas in the world, but as long as can wipe out an entire fruit variety is not stopped we know because it's happened before.

Speaker Change: In the early 19 hundreds of banana called growth Michelle with the most popular but by the 19 fifties one strain of the Panama disease bypass and whole production of growth mission. Luckily Cavendish was resistant to that first stream. So it took over as the banana of choice the problem wasn't banana companies build their entire supply chains.

Speaker Change: Around this one cavendish variety in 2019, they exported 20 million bananas, and supported millions of jobs globally, but now the Cavendish is also vulnerable history repeats itself.

Speaker Change: So because they score on the covenants cooking bananas like plantings are also at risk for tier four.

Speaker Change: For a few security because the plant. These are a staple for Latin America in Africa in many other countries. They are part of our daily diet.

Speaker Change: So yeah, the newest rates of who cerium is scary for both Cavendish and plantings, but this time around we have advanced science.

Speaker Change: Researchers across the globe are working toward one goal they will come onto the alakazam parity centers I don't know whether they'll be done this guy actually invented a banana that did just that back in 2019 Doctor James Dale announced that his team had successfully injected the DNA from a resistant banana into a cabin dish and it worked we found.

Speaker Change: The solution based on a lot of Cavendish, which appears to be completely resistant to Apple. The thing we haven't done yet is a taste test and that's because they jam. It look smell feel exactly the same as every other but we've only change one gene.

Speaker Change: But no one would buy his miracle banana because it was genetically modified on your international body I'm always a Guyana, becoming also known as always you don't need to get out and about and of course, when the yoga wallboard Cobra Oracle model, Okay, comparing our prudent loss I've done in the EU most member countries have either partly or fully band GMO.

Speaker Change: In the U S. They're allowed but third one argument against Gmos is that these modified plants would quickly spread their jeans and kill out biodiversity, but with bananas, that's not a problem. The Jamestown route because I asked Tara you can grow at GM banana next to a non GM banana for 50 years, and Jamie will not move from London.

Speaker Change: Incredibly frustrating they assist solution, but it's it's a scientific solution, but not a political solution. So scientists had to go back to the drawing board using what they learned from James to play the non GMO game Fernando is a breeder for key gene genetics company in the Netherlands anything it's the best.

Speaker Change: The way to get around GMO regulations is through traditional breeding, meaning you take two different types of bananas, the cabin niche and one that is resistant and you essentially have the mate and their kid is hopefully resistant to Panama disease, but still tastes. Good like Cavendish Crossbreeding all traditional breeding is something that happens every day.

Speaker Change: He nature, so babies R pollinating different flowers with all their cloud. So that's what we're doing here we are acting as beef Fernando has found a few resistant bananas to cross with Cavendish, but most of them are not even edible bananas are the bananas that I'll call it <unk> <unk> and.

Speaker Change: And across those of the cabin dishes hard.

Speaker Change: It's very difficult.

Speaker Change: The possible. So you can try to cross that you need to do it. Many many many times to get Youll see for James to make that first GMO banana. It took him nearly 10 years since our first field trial.

Speaker Change: For those future bananas that are traditionally bread it'll take just as long.

Speaker Change: He will take lots of year because.

Speaker Change: Lifecycle of the banana is quite slow, but the longer it takes to traditionally brita resistant Cavendish the more of the disease spreads and the more stringent for cerium could be released for an email says there's a bigger picture way to attack. This problem diversity take Tomatoes. For example, you go to the grocery store and there may be 10 or more different type.

Speaker Change: It's a tomatoes cherry buying beef Roma that's diversity. So one tomato gets in trouble it won't be a huge loss Fernando and his colleagues have the same vision for bananas.

Speaker Change: We have read bananas, England, why not try to incorporate that into the market. So that you can go to this market.

Speaker Change: Please bench of different options of bananas that you can choose there are hundreds of different banana varieties around the world a friend of mine collected went up in Papua New Guinea that he said if you didn't know or do you think you'd eating a strawberry.

Speaker Change: Amazingly different flavors and diversity would also help farms, but if you have different types of bananas grown together, probably one banana will be more of a system that the next one so the other one can stop the spread of the disease to the next slide so why haven't companies diversified because it's too expensive and.

Speaker Change: Complicated to change of $25 billion industry built around a monoculture. So until a solution is found these bio security measures will have to be the short term fix for keeping the big business of bananas alive.

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Speaker Change: Our next stop is Spain.

Speaker Change: Which produces the worlds costly of Tam.

Speaker Change: Blackberry pigs that stemmed from wide boys and how do they consider that the legacy since long before our time, they use 77 Roman brighter plenty D elder place their superior quality and 14 93, when he sailed across the Atlantic for the second time, Christopher Columbus had they buy them.

Speaker Change: Pigs about this carve out the most expensive of the Moe says for 4100 dealers, which is over $4500, but despite the high price. This remains a local favorite.

Speaker Change: Okay bear in pigs can be found in the southern and western regions of the Iberian Peninsula, which comprises Spain, and Portugal, and Spain I've been home production is confined to the provinces of Salamanca, who Elba Cordoba Cathetus and buy the house.

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Speaker Change: Spanish Burnham is protected by the us protected designation of origin.

Speaker Change: The five Spanish provinces, where it is produced a split into four different protected this nations of Oregon out of the total production of Birmingham, only 6% comes with a black label, indicating it's the 100% I barren Pugh beat.

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Speaker Change: The pig that killed when they're 15 months old.

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Speaker Change: It was granted a IP protection from the EU in 2019.

Speaker Change: Meaning that these areas all the protected designation of origin.

Speaker Change: But there are a few qualifications for this.

Speaker Change: Milk has to be from dairy farms, Nike within 20 kilometers away.

Speaker Change: And it must be produced using raw milk.

Speaker Change: 17700 tons of EM and Tala are produced each year in this region by 150 family Dairies.

Speaker Change: Cheese production started in this area over 200 years ago.

Speaker Change: It's the Hilli region, so good for cattle grazing.

Speaker Change: The Emmenthaler showcase right show diary, which opened in 1989.

Speaker Change: The process of cheese starts at the farmers so.

Speaker Change: You need a high quality WOMAC don't we hit up the milk on 32 degrees.

Speaker Change: We've put inside the bacteria. They ran it we have to wait because we wanted to make a relationship between the fat and protein you are cutting the costs down to a size of four to six millimeters and then youre hitting up into their time to 50 free degrees.

Speaker Change: Pumping up to the forms and then you're pressing that for 12 hours.

Speaker Change: The cheapest priced under hydraulic pressure for up to 12 hours.

Speaker Change: <unk> spent eight weeks in the womb fermentation seller at 22 degrees Celsius.

Speaker Change: It then goes into a storage center for up to two months before it is collected by the wholesaler.

Speaker Change: This makes the famous sweet taste and smooth texture of Gucci.

Speaker Change: The world famous homes that created by a reaction in the bacteria.

Speaker Change: After one month of storage a strain of bacteria propionibacterium Gemini confused lactic acid and releases carbon dioxide beef.

Speaker Change: These bubbles become trapped in a chief Ryan and form home.

Speaker Change: Known as Ais.

Speaker Change: But why are the cheapest so much.

Speaker Change: He didn't happen until the wheels is heavily regulated.

Speaker Change: They have a diameter of 80 to 100 centimeters.

Speaker Change: They need to be a minimum of 75 kilograms.

Speaker Change: The chief.

Speaker Change: Our Cana Graham Cox 19, Swiss francs, COVID-19 delays.

Speaker Change: So one will close type of 1900 buildings.

Speaker Change: We have to pay taxes also switch.

Speaker Change: 200 years ago. They have their rhythm Mentation did you have to pay taxes on that piece and note on kilogram. So they may.

Speaker Change: Cheese, we and they have to pay for new ones with taxes.

Speaker Change: Stay tuned abuse, we producing this minimum 75 kilogram wins.

Speaker Change: Cheese has matured into a full month classic eight months reserve 12.

Speaker Change: <unk> months, IOP extra and the 24 month Nagual dermatology.

Speaker Change: The taste of the inventory.

Speaker Change: It's unique.

Speaker Change: Her two co piece makes comparing us to take.

Speaker Change: A red wine and Theyre good red wine.

Speaker Change: We visited the showcase it right restaurants, Detroit the cheese.

Speaker Change: And the gateway.

Speaker Change: Four months age what you can see is the bringing kind of rubbery texture to it because.

Speaker Change: Because it's a chunk.

Speaker Change: Cause I misspoke latest them than other unintelligent iPad.

Speaker Change: It really full flavor to it because it lately raw milk not pulse Joyce notes that you might get in the states.

Speaker Change: It's just a very very kind of fun rich no can play into that.

Speaker Change: Thank you.

Speaker Change: Yeah.

Speaker Change: But how does this differ to the 12 month aged.

Speaker Change: It's a lot less kind of free and bouncing to the touch.

Speaker Change: That rich nutty flavor, it's really starting to come through this room downstairs for me when entering the dairy with arena at the minute you walking does it beachfront nothing wrong with that history and that is exactly what you can get in the teens now.

Speaker Change: I'm from something like a free tier my own teeth, T something which is happening.

Speaker Change: This tactic to and it's Terry Duffy.

Speaker Change: To be an authentic and tell the teams it needs to have the emmenthaler logo and a bespoke cheese number.

Speaker Change: On the range, we put our brands talk before we press the cheese and do something like a T back and digits growing directly into the ranks.

Speaker Change: If you are cutting the cheese wheel into pieces.

Speaker Change: Each range you should find.

Speaker Change: Part of this Emmenthaler, Switzerland, local and you find a solid number on the top and with Disney number our customers can go on our website inventory point C H and keep this number inside and.

Speaker Change: And Google map shows you, where this pro docs was producing which David.

Speaker Change: Dairies need to have this protection.

Speaker Change: And tell us if the well most coffee cheap.

Speaker Change: So 95 persons of that work has said as a Swiss cheese or shoes with holes are called inventory or Frank Emmenthaler. So the emmenthaler, Switzerland. The brand is protected.

Speaker Change: Pete label, and we have also a bacteria inside our teams. We are the only brand T sprint who are using this one and so we can not only look on the package.

Speaker Change: Original inventory L P.

Speaker Change: Can also analyze this this production. So these are our activities and the brand.

Speaker Change: It says we have people who are working only for searching the region between the Coke. So it's a big work behind you.

Speaker Change: Premier is holding its catch from private fishermen in the bustling matosinhos Harbert, who sends a comparator is being easily.

Speaker Change: But with warming ocean temperatures starting populations have dropped by more than 80%. It got so bad that in 2000 and for regulators ban fishing during the spring spawning season in the years that followed the government shortened the entire fishing season to just six months and set a fishing quota last year fisherman caught only 30000 tons compared.

Speaker Change: For that to the 19 eighties, when they called in over 100000 tons a year.

Speaker Change: It's caused recent sardine prices to double.

Speaker Change: During the season, the fishery fresh at the factory and go directly to get clean. So we know that the good quality of solving for example is the summertime.

Speaker Change: And during this time, we we intensified the activity to do as much as possible, but to keep producing year round. When fishing is banned from euro has introduced this breathing system in 2015 first the fish go into Obrien for 30 minutes and then into the freezer held at about zero degrees Fahrenheit.

Speaker Change: Fatima in charge of quality control and food safety.

Speaker Change: Divestments, such as Union city, EMS capacity that the silicon.

Speaker Change: Xanthous Nielsen Lantus.

Speaker Change: Serving you they'll remain in the freezer for up to six months, but Fatima says it doesn't affect the fish much because sardines are naturally so fatty.

Speaker Change: At four P M workers pull the fish out of the freezer. So they can defrost overnight.

Speaker Change: Assuming it is pretty miniscule.

Speaker Change: Scott.

Speaker Change: Bali this anything from here on out the Defrosted fish go through the same machines as the fresh ones. It removes the head end cuts off the tail facilities grant Bangalore to those brackets.

Speaker Change #103: It can either say, yes the format.

Speaker Change: Last few things that I got a cynical this used to all be done by hand, but this machine has tripled the speed of guts removal.

Speaker Change: In this room in Houma, Louisiana.

Speaker Change: They only but is it could be the two leukemia docs.

Speaker Change: Easter This COVID-19 citizens.

Speaker Change: It comes up but on email.

Speaker Change: But some of the products like the police are too delicate for the machines workers on the specialty lines still hand cut them using century old techniques.

Speaker Change: This newest round Guangdong than through this there's a lot this one's packs they add on the lid and group them into batches Boise zones that Oh, Chris because they get cooked for 30 minutes first in hot steam and then dry heat once done the workers out in other natural ingredients like spicy sauce peppers or turret.

Speaker Change: Next the cans get weight than.

Speaker Change: And then this machine splashes and a bit of either water tomato sauce or olive oil the poisons animal or human lacking at semicon elevated level. Thank you.

Speaker Change: Save the cans drop into baskets in this pool of recycled rainwater.

Speaker Change: Workers, then pushed the cans into the sterilizing machine to kill off any bacteria on the outside.

Speaker Change: Oh can survive then alone.

Speaker Change: The concert.

Speaker Change: In theory, one kind of fish could last for more than a decade. It was actually a French guy who invented canning in the early 1800, when Napoleon put out a call for a way to feed US Army and the method took off in popularity with its long stretch of coastline and abundance of fish, Portugal was prime to get in on the market.

Speaker Change: And in 18 53 men wealth, great Great grandfather opened the world's first fish cannery and Villareal de Santo Antonio, but the 19 twenties there were hundreds of competing factories, along the coast and during World War. Two there was room for all of them, Portugal was neutral so it exported cans to both sides. Some cans were found at the back.

Speaker Change: And Carol Hitler some of them were Portuguese and work from from our own company and in 1940, the Founder's grandson opened up a new factory, where it is now and Manta genius by then the sardine had become a cultural icon.

Speaker Change: But after World War two the industry started declining we were they were evolution in the 19 1974 that lots of companies at no reaching area. They have a tough times of course, so no frozen facilities climate change and overfishing were also big contributors to the decline by 2013, there were only 20 canneries left.

Speaker Change: So how did ramirez stay afloat first because of its loyal staff spanning generations.

Speaker Change: Ramirez runs an onsite daycare and many of its current employees graduated from there.

Speaker Change: And I say, Amazon ethics, FINMA, and you feed them things that they're asking us to see the bump it back rash Oh mail by stand about them onto Soma IMO money, though demand up after a month or so the thing I feel this is a block of ash for OCA and what might the second reason was doing.

Speaker Change: Blaine Lasalle.

Speaker Change: The original cans opened with a key and we're often made of tin, which rested more easily so men wells grandfathers switch to aluminum cans in the seventies.

Speaker Change: We develop together with our without can supply easy open way of opening Kenneth Sarbanes or tune it along with the freezing system fish cutting and seeming machines Ramirez also added this finishing line.

Speaker Change: I'll Echo Cofunding said lots they believe that.

Speaker Change: They then seek us out lucrative for the food group wasting basketball marquee Madhu has seen since its busiest sustained strength quality lab pulled nearly 100 sample can throughout the day, they test for ph levels and check that seeming and sterilization we're done right.

Speaker Change: Does my Martinez.

Speaker Change: Learning a whole lot because now all of us.

Speaker Change: Yeah, I think my spots with or without feeling all these machines have tripled the company's production speed from 100000 cans everyday in 2015 to 300000 cans per day now finally to stay competitive when 13 populations dropped Ramirez added new products tuna salad mackerel salmon and codfish.

Speaker Change: So this difficult it became an opportunity to to do other very interesting products.

Speaker Change: The company sells 70 different products and has introduced an online shopping platform. We are spot almost to 50 countries. The spread is all over the world.

Speaker Change #112: Thanks Sam.

Speaker Change: At Gala prescriptive sneakers is a pronto permit thing really that moved over and a fast field rule transport that well starting populations could fall again Manuel doesn't seem worried you've been here for almost two centuries. So I think we will overcome.

Speaker Change: These are sugar maple trees, and the Maple Guild has 460000 of them spanning across the northeast Kingdom of Vermont and into Canada.

Speaker Change: Starting in December each year cruise spend two months, putting plastic taps into each one of these trees by hand.

Speaker Change: The same tree can be tapped for decades next year will you reuse everything and we tap eight inches high or low and eight inches over so that we never on the tree. It always allows us to heal.

Speaker Change: The sugaring season, usually runs from February to April, but that's completely dependent on the weather forecast, obviously, when the weather cooperates and when mother nature gives us adapt to pull and that's when the temperatures above freezing during the day and below freezing at night, that's when the chaparral.

Speaker Change: When the SAP is running its extract it either through vacuum tubing or gravity.

Speaker Change: Thousand miles of plastic tubing carried this out from the trees to pump stations. These are called reverse osmosis houses. This is where the Sop is collected and the water in the SAP is filtered out beating a high sugar content concentrate.

Speaker Change: SAP has 2% sugar concentrate is 20% sugar so what we're doing in the reverse osmosis processes, we're pulling water out of the SAP and concentrating the maple syrup into another solution.

Speaker Change: Because so much water is removed during this process. It takes about 44 gallons of SAP to make just one gallon of maple syrup.

Speaker Change: Sugar concentrate is loaded up into trucks and brought to the sugar House, where it's finally turn into maple syrup.

Speaker Change: In traditional sugaring techniques, turning SAP into syrup means boiling it over direct heat so the water evaporates, but the Maple Guild pioneered a new method because it speeds up the process, it's called steam crafting.

Speaker Change: Instead of boiling this app at steam heated at a lower temperature using coils.

Speaker Change: With this system the Maple Guild can make 55 gallons of Maple syrup in just 90 seconds.

Speaker Change: While in traditional boiling technique it can take anywhere between nine and 56 hours to produce just one gallon of syrup not.

Speaker Change: Not only has the same crafting method quicker, but the company says it also produces a more nuanced in maple flavor.

Speaker Change: SAP can go bad quickly it has to be transported to the sugar house within three hours of being tapped and usually within six hours it will become that Golden Maple syrup.

Speaker Change: When the SAP is running it can run for a day it can run for a week and then it can stop for two days or three weeks and it's really whatever the weather gives us but whenever that SAP is running we will have people at this plant 18 24 hours a day non stop while that SAP is running because we can't afford to lose.

Speaker Change: Are any of them.

Speaker Change: Once the saps turned into syrup, it's tested to make sure the sugar levels of rate.

Speaker Change: Next at century filters to remove impurities and it's tested for grading the light of the color of syrup, the higher the grade.

Speaker Change: Because the Maple syrup has a short cooking time, it's lighter in colour, giving it a consistent great a golden rating. The Golden syrup is then pumped into stainless steel barrels for its story until it's time to be bottled up each bottle is filled kept clean.

Speaker Change: Cleaned and labeled by hand here the company expects to sell over a million barrels this year.

Speaker Change: The Maple Guild is vertically integrated meaning it owns every step of this process from tree to table. The maple industry has been stagnant for decades upon decades. Upon decades, it's all small farmers doing their own thing on their own property selling to the biggest Guam areas.

Speaker Change: And those guys, making syrup, mostly mostly private labels unbranded and selling it out to the industry until we came along and where I.

Speaker Change: Vertically integrated we own trees right through the manufacturing very capital intensive which is probably the barriers to entry for anybody else to do this.

Speaker Change: In the last five years, the Maple syrup industry has undergone somewhat of a revolution and at the forefront of companies like the Maple Guild.

Speaker Change: Canada has historically dominated this market producing 70% of the world's maple syrup, and while it's still owns the top spot. The U S is gaining ground.

Speaker Change: The United States production has doubled in the last decade rising from $1 9 million gallons produced in 2008 to 4.16 million in 2018.

Speaker Change: And leading the charge as Vermont dumped.

Speaker Change: The Maple syrup capital of the U S. The tiny state produces 40% of the Maple syrup in the entire United States. In fact, Vermont's production has grown 254% since 2000.

Speaker Change: So the market was set for large scale production, but no one in the Vermont Maple industry had taken on the unconventional sugaring model until the Maple Guild.

Speaker Change: It entered the scene as demand was taking off breweries across the state had started using maple syrup in their products.

Speaker Change: Oversee interest in pure Maple syrup had spiked and Americans on a health food kick, we're turning to maple syrup, as a natural alternative to refined sugar and the Maple go it's still riding that wave selling branded products across 50 states and infusing a therapist with flavors like coffee pumpkin Spice and Bourbon He had original vanilla.

Speaker Change: Bourbon coffee and salted caramel smells like.

Speaker Change: There was.

Speaker Change: Which is where it came from.

Speaker Change: Sure.

Speaker Change #119: Okay, so like sugar I'm in.

Speaker Change: And while it all depends on what mother nature gives them. The Maple go does have an annual production goal. Our goals are 150 to 200000 gallons of Maple syrup.

Speaker Change: We'd be okay with.

Speaker Change: The company is not only bottling it up as syrup, but using it in about 17 other maple based products first there's the maple butter.

Speaker Change: Maple syrup is cooked down and then poured into this mixer until it becomes a luscious screen that stuff is cooked and yard by hand, and then hits the assembly line to be capped and labeled.

Speaker Change #120: This is what I've been waiting for this whole time.

Speaker Change:

Speaker Change: It's like I say.

Speaker Change: Yes.

Speaker Change: Oh God, there's also naturally fermented maple vinegar.

Speaker Change: Different maple sweetened teas, and seven unique Maple, Sweden waters.

Speaker Change: April Guild hopes that by introducing maple into as many categories as possible. It can show the versatility of the product and bring attention to where the Golden syrup comes from.

Speaker Change: Here in Vermont for it.

Speaker Change: Next we had to New Zealand home to one of the world's Priciest honey.

Speaker Change: Manuka Honey is known to being Earth here richer and more viscous than many other honeys. It comes from the nectar is the flower Leptospermum Scoparius also known as <unk>, which is only native to New Zealand and maneuver in fact is a mere word.

Speaker Change: The fact that it comes from New Zealand that gives it a premium just to start with because the beach levels up to about six kilometers to click to the sunny and sorry. This honey is representative of the environment and that environment is of New Zealand at the plant itself and the honey is very very rare out of <unk>.

Speaker Change: All lines in the World are probably represents 1% of all the world Honeys.

Speaker Change: It's difficult.

Speaker Change: To harvest at Sarnia, two to six weight harvesting period, and the flowers only item Prady for 12 days and in New Zealand, we had one and we have Ryan and all the rest of it. So there's a lot of luck involved and getting the bay or a lot of effort from the basic for some years there are no.

Speaker Change: There is no honey production for some big cases, and we have to go to the big extent also using helicopters to click this honey.

Speaker Change: Although many campos as can also be found in Australia, New Zealand accounts for almost all of the world's production with exports with $204 million and expect it to quadruple to $800 million by 2028.

Speaker Change: These aliens honey is protected by a quality standard that safeguards menu because special properties.

Speaker Change: This honey is an expensive honey.

Speaker Change: And anything that is expensive people will try and coffee.

Speaker Change: People will try and mimic what people will tranchet. So a lot of the cost here is in actually in the protection of all that all the research. So we know it's unique we know it's from New Zealand. We can identify we've put labs around the world to be able to do this identification and museum and government has set up a standard up to say waters Manuka honey.

Speaker Change: So how does the grading system work and what exactly are you looking for in Monaco Honey.

Speaker Change: We spoke to talk to Adrian Charlton prefer assigns a lab in the north of England, where manuka honey is tested to identify unique compounds.

Adrian Charlton: Our standards, we will test for three compounds.

Speaker Change: Acetone.

Speaker Change: We talked about so far is MGM and.

Speaker Change: Hydroxylamine Cosmodrome HMS visa.

Speaker Change: These are the devices attached to it.

Speaker Change #107: We would undertake to make sure.

Speaker Change #107: China see antimicrobial characteristics.

Speaker Change: We would expect we could detect them, but we can also mentioned the concentration of them.

Speaker Change: I'm using UV light.

Speaker Change: Any tactics, particularly away from individual compares each campaign promises.

Speaker Change: Proxies.

Speaker Change: Because of the issues in the past with potential broad.

Speaker Change: Our suite of other tests, including toughest comparison, she slept spirit, which is a market is unique.

Speaker Change: Since we can choice then the hunting back to China.

Speaker Change: China closed during the time that it came from.

Speaker Change: [music] when you pick up a job manuka honey the markets can be confusing. So how do you know that is the real deal.

Speaker Change: So in some cases awakening to the concentration of the comparison of MGM 300 would indicate 300 milligrams of makeup so in that particular after pony Graham.

Speaker Change: P, which is known for oxide at Tennessee.

Speaker Change: Related to the.

Speaker Change: Concentration is a more direct.

Speaker Change: Sure.

Speaker Change: Microbial activity.

Speaker Change: Honey.

Speaker Change: On the other marks that you either have a quality mall and if you can see a particular standpoint.

Speaker Change: Tested mature centers, so that's different for.

Speaker Change: With the concentration of a particular contract.

Speaker Change: Another factor that's driving up the price is the use of manoeuvre honey in health and beauty products.

Speaker Change: Its antibacterial and anti inflammatory properties are set to suit and nourish the skin.

Speaker Change: He is also set to help with blemishes and acne isn't that really the case.

Speaker Change: There's been a number of cities that have tried to determine.

Speaker Change: Determine the health benefits of Tony.

Speaker Change #111: And that's a very positive results and certainly in terms of our antimicrobial activity, we can show them that.

Speaker Change #111: Manuka Honey has antimicrobial activity in the laboratory.

Speaker Change: Those critical trials over a long period of time.

Speaker Change: As of yet but.

Speaker Change: There are also reports that indicate.

Speaker Change: Ernie has benefits.

Speaker Change: Gotcha.

Speaker Change: So the jury's still out on the new cars medicinal properties, but that hasn't stopped its popularity and manuka honey is serious business.

Speaker Change: The prices and demand for the Honey is so high that the New Zealand police have received hundreds of reports of beehives of honey being stolen and even reports of bees being poisoned.

Speaker Change: So if you do manage to get your hands on the job does it actually tastes different from normal hunting.

Speaker Change: Yes.

Speaker Change: [music] LNR.

Speaker Change: Sure.

Speaker Change: The flavors really strong it's very like very thick compared to normal honey.

Speaker Change: Kind of chestnut flavour as furnished suites as usual honey.

Speaker Change: It's really Smith.

Speaker Change: The taste is pretty similar to what I'm used to.

Speaker Change: Texas very interesting, it's very very thick.

Speaker Change: It's like creamy.

Speaker Change: Manuka Honey really worth 100 times more than other honey that's for you to judge.

Speaker Change: But what's the sense is that no other hunting in the world is a rare and unique that it needs to pass by a lot before being sold.

Speaker Change: Yes.

Speaker Change: Yes.

Speaker Change: Buddha is the oldest tofu factory in America.

Speaker Change: And at the shop, Theyre slicing up 3000 pounds of it a day and that's Jason a formal pro baseball player who took over <unk> three years ago, Jason learned how to handle tofu the traditional Japanese weight from the original owners. It is very cheap.

Speaker Change: I am machine, and just push buttons and outcomes of blocker tocqueville, but to actually hand crafted it is definitely a lost art, but because of our growing tofu industry and a spike in soybean prices. Jason is juggling tradition with demand I put in 11 and 12 hours a day six days a week. So does my long we visited the.

Speaker Change: Portland factory to see how jason's turning buckets of beans into this.

Speaker Change #100: Welcome to Otis Tofu I get here at $2 30 in the morning Monday through Saturday make tofu and start the day.

Speaker Change #100: The night before workers pull out giant bags of soybean sourced from Iowa, and Theyre dried soybeans, so theyre very hard pardon me break it with a hammer and we sell from the night before then they become really saw it takes 10 hours of soaking depending on the temperature of the outside we tend to sell them longer.

Speaker Change #100: Or if it's harder or shorter if its harder we want that pure white and the soybean. Yes. These are still pretty good cooks transfer the soft soybeans to one of two grinders, we grind the soybeans make a really a slush then we put it into our cookers, which cook to about 100 degrees Celsius than the mixture flu.

Speaker Change #100: Through a giant pipe into a filtering bag in the pressing machine. This machine squeezes out the Soymilk. The mill comes out the other end and drops into another filter. So we double filter it to get a tier of soy milk as we can.

Speaker Change #100: Okay. This is hot what's left is a byproduct called Okada basically the leftover bits in the beans like the shelf.

Speaker Change: So this nylon that catches the rest of the Okada people use it and like Bacon recipes and stuff like that but also we give it to farmers to feed their cows and pigs. Some of the soy milk gets bottled by hand, it sold across Portland, but the rest gets turned into tofu.

Speaker Change: <unk> tofu is made out of three ingredients soybean water and why do you win the mixture first gets a splash of coagulant. So we use our niigata <unk> traditional Japanese coagulate, we can adjust the amount of acquired that we use to make the firmness out we won I will actually make a firm so I'm going to add some more.

Speaker Change: Coagulate, because it could be separated from the herds in the water a little bit more kind of like making cheese like.

Speaker Change: And cheese, the coagulants separates the way or liquid from the proteins, which clump up into Curt that takes about 15 minutes.

Speaker Change: So this is what it looks like after occurred in so this further actually nice like fluffy and Pos that scrambled egg looking mixture is spooned into molds, Jason hand sheets, it using a cheesecloth, but now we just got to press them into the firmness that we want it's pretty soft.

Speaker Change: Like a waterbed.

Speaker Change: We make medium firm an extra bump it depends on how much water, we squeeze out the curve on the firm and the extra for our finer and harder so it's easier to get water out of medium license off.

Speaker Change: Hydraulic press then helps squeeze out the water.

Speaker Change: After its pressed Jason carefully flips the tofu into a giant back he's slices it along the lines from the molds tofu had into restaurants is placed in bucket some.

Speaker Change: Some of it gets fried into what's called Huggy, though he is a master at chopstick, Yeah that is not easy to do with a flimsy tofu.

Speaker Change: Blocks bound for stores get fish from the water and put in boxes.

Speaker Change: So soybeans for a final product probably about an hour everything else is really controlled by hand.

Speaker Change: Although tofu originates from China, using Niigata EG coagulate is uniquely Japanese Buddha's recipe and hand molding techniques come from Japan and date back to the founding of the company to OTA Tofu started in 1911.

Speaker Change: So OTA immigrated to Portland from OCA Yamana, Japan, shortly after <unk> and his wife Sheena opened a tofu shop using the same three ingredients. Jason uses back then Oda was one of many tofu factories, serving the Japanese and Chinese American communities in East Portland, But then Pearl Harbor happened and 120000.

Speaker Change: And Japanese Americans were forced into internment camps Ciena and size of were sent to a camp in Idaho. Their silo died a year after arriving in the three years of internment all Japanese owned tofu shops were closed many were seized looted or sold off but the oldest landlord honored their lease and when she no return.

Speaker Change: To Portland alone in 1945, the shop and all its equipment was waiting for her.

Speaker Change: They came back and wanted to start the company again, Jos Testament to the OTA family for wanting to do that and then also the customers that wanted to buy the tofu really kept the business alive decent bought the business from Chinas grandson co and his wife Eileen in 2019, because I heard that they are closing and I thought it would be.

Speaker Change: It's a shame that a business like this would close their doors, especially with all of our history.

Speaker Change: Oh and I laid out a really taught me everything there is to know about making tough.

Speaker Change: This is their equipment I inherited all of the Jason's continued the handmade OTA tradition Theres. A reason why people are businesses don't make tofu the way that we do right now long hours and hard work everything that has to do with tofu I am involved with the whole entire process.

Speaker Change: Okay.

Speaker Change: Yes, I feel like I am the tofu Master now because jason's production process is slower its hard to compete with big factories mass manufacturing tofu. All they have to do is push a button and outcomes.

Speaker Change: From the scoping.

Speaker Change: Packaging suppressing everything is very automated it is very different that our process really I mean, that's what we're competing against because they are low cost and the competition is getting harder as soybean prices Soar, China is usually one of America's biggest soybean buyers, but in 2019 tariffs on soybeans.

Speaker Change: Corner, China out of the market.

Speaker Change: It helped prices for our soybeans go down because demand wasn't there, but when tariffs were dropped in 2020, one China re entered the market scooping up soybeans, and causing prices to skyrocket soybean prices haven't been this high in seven years.

Speaker Change: Soybean prices have gone up drastically 40% in the past couple of months, So I've had to increase pricing and I think every tofu manufacturer.

Speaker Change: You just can't eat that much of the cost, but G suite customers don't seem bothered, we don't mind, who spend more because we want high quality food bid new business with them in 20 year and the customers love. It we can never changed to other brands to keep up with competition and supply costs. Jason have made small changes first T redesigned the pack.

Speaker Change: <unk> then he bought that packaging machine. He also launched OTA on social media.

Speaker Change: And this strategy has worked attracting new young restaurant owners like chef tie he's gotten a lot of buzz for his sandoz made with OTA tofu, Zhang from Japan, given that hardware Tofu's I'll tell you like I was in Japan, So I'm gonna make Nissan telephone Carter, Richard vegan the catchy for Instagram people love It decent now sells out of tofu Ann.

Speaker Change: Soy milk and over 150 restaurants around Portland, we are.

Speaker Change: Our making up about 80% more and tofu is expected to keep getting more popular in 2020, our global market was worth $746 million and it's projected to grow by more than 5% in the next six years Nutritionists say, that's because it's rich in protein amino acids and nutrients people.

Speaker Change: I think it's starting to be aware of that Jason thinks he has two options to face growing demand moving to a bigger space or opening up factories in other cities.

Speaker Change: His biggest goal, making sure tradition isn't sacrificed for innovation.

Speaker Change: EMEA Zaki, Japan, we learn where farmers grow harvest in auction the world's most expensive mangoes.

Speaker Change: Mangoes farmed EMEA Zaki are from the Irwin mango variety of type often referred to as Apple mango as it turns red one right.

Speaker Change: Irwin mangoes are actually pretty common and are also grown in other parts of the world and sold at much lower prices.

Speaker Change: This is because the exclusivity of Tayo notes Margo is not tied to which type of mangle. It is but rather to the care it receives.

Speaker Change: In order to generate funds at the auction.

Speaker Change: Ah mango needs be.

Speaker Change: To increase the odds of success farmers like to Korea, usually rent these during the flowering season.

Speaker Change: He's a flowering mangled plants. These play a crucial role in the pollination of plants as without them mangles would not grow as big as desired.

Speaker Change: So much anymore Youre doing this keto.

Speaker Change #131: But anyway, it's going to continue.

Speaker Change: How could I not in there.

Speaker Change: What are you doing more than that as the Hawaii kind of thinner than an accident.

Speaker Change #125: But I'm not with us.

Speaker Change: Nicaragua, all mango and I'm glad to hear our colleagues can deal with that demand.

Speaker Change: So it's about the core hoist 95 annual call you to say.

Speaker Change #132: My name.

Speaker Change: When Asia Oclock at a 90 count.

Speaker Change: If a plant keep flowering if a farmer wants it can survive as long as 35 years to Korea, France are 20 years old.

Speaker Change: However, even if these do pollinate the plants it doesn't necessarily mean that all mangoes will qualify as tayo know to model this season.

Speaker Change: Only those that are in good shape visibly contain pits and are in good position will be given a chance.

Speaker Change: To successfully grow one everything in the greenhouse needs to run smoothly.

Speaker Change: The chair must be constant the room ventilated.

Speaker Change: <unk> D humidifier and the mangoes protected from gravity.

Speaker Change: When everything else is in place to Cui as priority becomes the Sunshine.

Speaker Change: Pay you on a study I thought you've gotten your panel I know you don't want.

Speaker Change #115: Okay, I'd say, Eric I know that you might see Furthermore, alright.

Speaker Change: Anthony Scaglione under Tom You know you Didnt see Furthermore, because we're not selling day and trying to tie your honest cardio doorstep.

Speaker Change: If a mango sums into the shade, particularly I would tie it with the strength to bring it back up and to make sure that suddenly touches every part of the fruit equally he told these late reflectors out of milk cartons.

Speaker Change: How does that balance schedule for Toyota's mango.

Speaker Change: Mango and immuno external formally.

Speaker Change: If net economic that's actually not the cordova and onto Callisto are calculated in this get all mirroring other than oil and if nickel and electric or symbol keto doughnuts that he could do that gets them.

Speaker Change: They do a condensate etame.

Speaker Change #136: Our scheduling.

Speaker Change: Hello, pockets Koa Utica well.

Speaker Change: And then I just got it.

Speaker Change #133: Okay cool.

Speaker Change: Yeah, and what the yellow cameos personality transcripts and ethical.

Speaker Change: Thanks, I've got seven day.

Speaker Change: And in the USA.

Speaker Change: Regardless of how much it's worth.

Speaker Change: Leah treats every mango with respect in return every mango repeat him with a unique flavor.

Speaker Change #134: Hi, Mommy Tau Tammy.

Speaker Change #117: Can you give me.

Speaker Change #117: <unk>.

Speaker Change #117: Foreign keys like a height Timothy are coming more kind of hormuz it.

Speaker Change #118: How're you doing.

Speaker Change #118: Some of them that are neither one of them.

Speaker Change #118: Korea has been growing mangoes for 16 years across he learned from his father this.

Speaker Change: This year he grew 9500 mangoes and his greenhouse.

Speaker Change: They're now ready to be inspected to see how many of them have earned the coveted tayo no Tommaso title.

Speaker Change: Okay.

Speaker Change: The first inspection is done by human eye and sectors closely analyzed each mangoes appearance to ensure they are red all throughout with no hints of green at the bottom.

Speaker Change: Then a machine sorts them according to sugar content weight and size.

Speaker Change: So Nicola told about Google to Israel.

Speaker Change: Judy over time different cultures that unusual chuckled at muscle Shoals.

Speaker Change: It gives you a more clear someone was asking.

Speaker Change: Hum.

Speaker Change: These inspections sorts of mangoes into five grades two of which are Tayo no tomorrow.

Speaker Change: Give me my only musket all one income the Monday they.

Speaker Change: They just impasse into logical path import anything.

Speaker Change: Hefei components.

Speaker Change: She isn't any utility cost season goes there is how are you doing with Homeaway Nielsen data.

Speaker Change: What do you get yourself can I hold on I'll come up and we must.

Speaker Change: The mangled will now make their way to me his hockey central wholesale market for the auction all the care and hard work that to Korea and other farmers in the prefecture put into their fruit, our leading up to this very moment.

Speaker Change: The hope is to match or exceed the previous figure of 500000 yet.

Speaker Change: So nobody is sometimes again, that's got that quite often it's Scott.

Speaker Change: It doesn't have the keno.

Speaker Change: That doesn't mean that corn antibody.

Speaker Change: Maintaining kind of in that in there.

Speaker Change #139: Okay can I not.

Speaker Change #101: So my point.

Speaker Change #101: Okay.

Speaker Change: Good.

Speaker Change: Okay.

Speaker Change: Great.

Speaker Change: Okay.

Speaker Change: Yes.

Speaker Change: The auction has officially begun at EMEA doctors central wholesale market.

Speaker Change: Yes.

Speaker Change: [music].

Speaker Change: This year's 500000 yen is 300000, yet higher than last year and matches the 2019 record.

Speaker Change: Okay.

Speaker Change: And the farmer, who grew these mangoes is.

Speaker Change #102: To Korea.

Speaker Change: [laughter].

Speaker Change #141: That's the only reason.

Speaker Change: Yeah.

Speaker Change: It's the third year in a row his mangoes, that's the highest priced at the auction. They have been bought by a department store in Fukuoka Carcinoid produced as you go to another spooky unless you've got most of our tenants are the most in some of my thoughts.

Speaker Change: For school.

Speaker Change: Question, you already talked about there and then like I know, it's only when you back out and it's got a claim on.

Speaker Change: None of them are.

Speaker Change: Coca Cola and they're going to pay you on tomo will do because Illinois zinc or do you see the likes the idea of where he got on skim off today's.

Speaker Change: Today's outcome was a successful one for to Korea, but even in a country with a strong gift, giving culture like Japan, it's not always guarantee that such a luxury fruit, we'll find a buyer at auction.

Speaker Change: They'll go there.

Speaker Change: You don't have always looked at all at the high end of the one that's got off on a number of buses you'll know his devotion in handbags in Nogales and that sort of caught them onto this NIM about mango hungry. This is another one.

Speaker Change: Don't get them all.

Speaker Change: They'll go demo.

Speaker Change: Suddenly they don't treat them all.

Speaker Change: And what I really don't give out enough.

Speaker Change: But it's even though we're hoping to see this.

Speaker Change: After flowering fruiting harvesting and auctioning.

Speaker Change: He is mango plants are ready for a new season.

Speaker Change: And the hard work isn't over yet.

Speaker Change: And for how long I think that you're going to have to see what they're a coronary though about that.

Speaker Change: Although some of them fit the model.

Speaker Change #108: Thank you.

Speaker Change #108: If a hudson and affective of Athene.

Speaker Change #142: Okay cool.

Speaker Change #143: Oh I know.

Speaker Change #109: That's a good catch.

Speaker Change #109: Kind of got the hand that to create symmetrical dead.

Speaker Change #109: Dana a couple of items.

Speaker Change #109: With sports at it and in the market every day and ethical vaccine candidate.

Speaker Change #144: Got it.

Speaker Change #128: I didn't know.

Speaker Change #123: No comments.

Speaker Change #123: Okay.

Speaker Change #123: Japan is also where an exclusive number of soy sauce makers don't produce the famous seasoning the authentic way.

Speaker Change #123: What makes a soy sauce special.

Speaker Change #109: Wooden barrel call.

Speaker Change #109: Key okay.

Speaker Change #109: One can last for over a century.

Speaker Change #109: You're still makes bamboo strips to wrap around the barrel because the saltiness of the soy sauce can corrode metal before.

Speaker Change: CT pocket at all and when you're not feeling well there.

Speaker Change: Okay.

Speaker Change: It takes at least three people to assemble one barrel.

Speaker Change: But not many do this anymore.

Speaker Change: After modern machinery took over the market almost all key okay makers in Japan went out of business.

Speaker Change: So you still owe learned to make his own.

Speaker Change #145: How can we make it up.

Speaker Change #145: <unk>.

Speaker Change: Sure.

Speaker Change #146: Okay, So I'll sort of causes.

Speaker Change #146: Before these barrels are put to use crushed wheat and steam soybeans are mixed with koji the fungus that will kick start the fermentation process. This.

Speaker Change: This giant that regulates temperatures the fungus can grow.

Speaker Change: After two days the mixture goes to them around the house.

Speaker Change: This is where the wooden barrel helped create the breeding ground for the bacteria.

Speaker Change: Now with all your.

Speaker Change: Authenticating all.

Speaker Change: The silicon.

Speaker Change: Over one ton of the soybean mixture so each barrel along with saltwater.

Speaker Change: Well you Sue one of teamster.

Speaker Change: The soybeans bump up against each other and create tiny tariffs so that other bacteria can get in and start to break them down.

Speaker Change: The workers pump air into the barrel to make the aerobic east more active.

Speaker Change: Okay.

Speaker Change: Even though you'll see those system microbes do most of the work.

Speaker Change: His part of the job is still demanding.

Speaker Change: Sure.

Speaker Change: Peyton.

Speaker Change: Title.

Speaker Change: Yes.

Speaker Change: Did you buy.

Speaker Change: I ended up the pillar, we will target.

Speaker Change: And acute ketoacidosis.

Speaker Change: So call it I head up the most of what we're modeling out the door.

Speaker Change: He checks on the soybeans every day to see if they need mixing.

Speaker Change: And based on their sent an appearance he can tell where they are in the process.

Speaker Change: So that's OK kenzo to nobody hydro dingo oncology assets with all of them balance.

Speaker Change: The soybeans will for meant here for at least a year and a half.

Speaker Change: You said, one was 87 barrels in different phases.

Speaker Change: He believes the good barrel is one that will outlive him.

Speaker Change: On coil colocate it.

Speaker Change: But I think my heckled wasn't in great Scott.

Speaker Change: These types of barrels have been in production in Japan since at least the 17th century.

Speaker Change: But everything changed during World War, two when materials became more scarce and expensive in Japan.

Speaker Change: The government knew its people couldn't live without their staple seasoning.

Speaker Change: So they ordered factories to make production cheaper and faster cutting the process from years two months.

Speaker Change: So while many brewers expanded and modernized small businesses like you'll see those families could barely keep up.

Speaker Change: So there were two powerful Mackay and I cannot I cannot colajanni sushi they can die.

Speaker Change: You're still stepped in in 2003, just before his father suddenly became sick and had to retire.

Speaker Change #147: So we have to take over and Polish struggling business out of that.

Speaker Change: He also had to teach themselves a lot of the process.

Speaker Change: Like how to use the press.

Speaker Change: After a year and a half of fermentation is sewer pipes, the soybean mixture into this machine.

Speaker Change: He layers on a piece of traditional wrapping class.

Speaker Change: Then the machine slowly squeezes out the soy sauce over 10 days.

Speaker Change: Besides show up given almost or there is any shows that parity.

Speaker Change: The main interest costs coffee I think thought but that will almost all come out of it do you want to take that.

Speaker Change: Some industrial factories press it all at once but you see what I'm, saying is getting a quality product is all about patients.

Speaker Change: After the stage some of the soy sauce goes back into the barrel with more soybeans and wheat for two more years to make yourself those main product nice coming a darker stronger tasting soy sauce.

Speaker Change: When the microbes have enough time to naturally from Memphis soybeans. It gives the soy sauce, a sweeter aftertaste.

Speaker Change: Some industrial brands mimic this by adding sweeteners.

Speaker Change: There was no sort of buy up almost every night, even heightened I ask at all.

Speaker Change: I cannot see them you can ask it all happens you up on assuming a kit armani.

Speaker Change: Zero.

Speaker Change: That balanced umami flavor is what chefs like Hitachi Keisha Mato or after.

Speaker Change: He's been running as restaurant Cleome insurer Shimon for five years.

Speaker Change: For almost every dish he cooks with naturally fermented soy sauce, including yourselves brand.

Speaker Change: So I'm thinking that thinking.

Speaker Change: A couple of I can't even with ICANN and highest return nothing with it.

Speaker Change: They can't go up they go considering all I'm telling you.

Speaker Change #148: Got it.

Speaker Change: So we're talking about here.

Speaker Change: So how come you authenticate on the supplemental I think you have there.

Speaker Change: Almost certainly scaling antimony from Leviathan multifamily Samantha.

Speaker Change: The hunting.

Speaker Change: So you.

Speaker Change: Ms.

Speaker Change #149: Secondly, I see gosh I don't know I don't know what you mean I haven't got anything for that.

Speaker Change: Well nothing that they might they'll come on a machine.

Speaker Change: In order for traditional soy sauce to continue.

Speaker Change: Barrel production needs to keep up.

Speaker Change: That's why you see low holds barrel, making workshops every year.

Speaker Change: So today something like system.

Speaker Change #150: Hey, guys, let's start that's a homeowner.

Speaker Change: He says his authentic soy sauce to people all over the world.

Speaker Change: A bottle dose for $35 on Amazon.

Speaker Change: Around triple the price of a commercial alternatives.

Speaker Change: The way I place a law coal company obviously.

Speaker Change: Also got zero.

Speaker Change: The homeowner that ethanol goes down that Scott.

Speaker Change: For the Seawell, passing down the legacy of barrel, aged soy sauce as part of his life's mission.

Speaker Change: Bassi.

Speaker Change: It could end up.

Speaker Change: Coconut oil kettle Latinos ethic at all.

Speaker Change #126: Clean almost call Daniel the floor is yours.

Speaker Change: My way of hemoglobin come out and said.

Speaker Change: Allergies are naive ethical or get screwed up.

Speaker Change #105: Okay, what could assume that's good enough.

Speaker Change #104: This is.

Speaker Change #135: No not at all.

Speaker Change #135: But as I told you all know.

Speaker Change #104: Hotaling.

Speaker Change #104: They get to do Oh and.

Speaker Change #104: Okay.

Speaker Change #104: Okay.

Speaker Change #104: He took eat though is a third generation matsuzaka rocky pharma.

Speaker Change #104: But his thumb into me pre factor you will find only Virgin female town.

Speaker Change #104: It's the primary requirement for any of the 18 months of soccer walking farms here in EMEA Prefecture.

Speaker Change #137: We'll see what am I missing.

Speaker Change #137: Yes.

Speaker Change #114: We should see.

Speaker Change #114: Based on the whole value.

Speaker Change #114: Mcneill you recorded.

Speaker Change #114: C C.

Speaker Change #114: See you.

Speaker Change #114: Okay.

Speaker Change #114: Yes.

Speaker Change #114: Not to suck up he has long been playing extremely low mounting point, which is half that of other types of work you.

Speaker Change #114: This means that one cutting the fat mouth in a shorter time.

Speaker Change #114: You would think.

Speaker Change #114: I know you've been working on using this also Luckily of course, Cisco had colleagues across the bank.

Speaker Change #104: The last week or so they don't live here.

Speaker Change #104: But the real thing.

Speaker Change #116: So anyway.

Speaker Change #116: Yes.

Speaker Change #116: Okay.

Speaker Change #104: To reach this intense marbling, whose generations of pharma like email. He took his dad used to feed cows with bear.

Speaker Change #104: And of course, you are on ore stockpile Costar suite.

Speaker Change #104: You've got which triggered.

Speaker Change #104: Oh and I forgot if you got like I say much there there's only overall what you saw in terms of that.

Speaker Change #104: And all that stuff was argument often parnell.

Speaker Change #104: Oh gosh about getting this California refunds.

Speaker Change #104: Oh gosh, if one ocean Hearthstone nishu.

Speaker Change #110: Okay, because I was cut off.

Speaker Change #110: Nausea with Hans I.

Speaker Change #110: Hum.

Speaker Change #151: Oh not at all.

Speaker Change #110: So as you know our meru I, especially want them all of them are knocking ourselves. That's good I'll call, though there's no evidence that this practice increases the cows appetite many associate matsuzaka walking with it.

Speaker Change #110: The fact that Matsuzaka has kept a relatively low profile internationally is almost transformed this practice into a legend.

Speaker Change #110: Yeah.

Speaker Change #110: Sure.

Speaker Change #110:

Speaker Change #110: Once you go to northern or toys, or taking out sort of on that I know that no longer got all go up.

Speaker Change #110: No.

Speaker Change #110: Hopefully all of whom are simple enough.

Speaker Change #110: He took it doesn't practice anymore.

Speaker Change #110: He has perfected the feet and is practicing so it cannot agriculture.

Speaker Change #110: So it's just a whole corridor.

Speaker Change #110: When we got a we got a lot of it.

Speaker Change #110: What I'll call. The total AVR quality. This high so any color on why that was.

Speaker Change #110: Yeah.

Speaker Change #110: Colorado, It or no of course at all.

Speaker Change #110: What's the Mcgee guys, who got Pomono Costa how he goes out of the Mustang.

Speaker Change #110: And of course, you're an equal at scale.

Speaker Change #110: Okay, because you often considered on U S. I don't know what normal Sheila.

Speaker Change #110: The cost of feed is an important factor that drives the prices up to reach that soft marbling matsuzaka cows beef to eat a lot.

Speaker Change #110: Also need to meet for a much longer time than other cows and goodbye.

Speaker Change #122: It is not.

Speaker Change #122: Soccer cows raised for 30 to 33 months six months longer than other Japanese black cattle.

Speaker Change #122: Everything adds up overtime to hiroki, the costs to feeding temperature control and circulation and cleaning the enclosures regularly to avoid flies.

Speaker Change #122: Of course, you'll shoot it at all.

Speaker Change #122: So cora here with the help of my occasion.

Speaker Change #122: Martin you Hustle my ankle continues.

Speaker Change #122: Fathers here coldest waiting period.

Speaker Change #122: For the first three to four months cattle eat glass to develop strong digestive system. This is called the belly creation period.

Speaker Change #122: Then comes the finishing peering at Black castle gradually switch to concentrated feet and whitestone to fatten up.

Speaker Change #122: He'd oki is now experimenting with even longer periods are fattening, what do you think as cattle from 35 up to 40 months.

Speaker Change #122: But what do you think house for such a long time can also be dangerous for Hilton as a cow could get sick and die.

Speaker Change #122: So from a chocoholic or stage two.

Speaker Change #110: Clothing machine a genius.

Speaker Change #110: He could standalone like clothing.

Speaker Change #110: Milking enough muscle political fishing.

Speaker Change #110: Okay.

Speaker Change #110: Onondaga Kanzi nickel went up.

Speaker Change #110: But you'll be talking to you in a while you're doing them and then they can cut on it.

Speaker Change #129: Got it.

Speaker Change #110: The count at the end of its fastening behavior is it true treasure every year Matsuzaka cows got auctioned off and one gets crowned queen of Matsuzaka, while the highest ever price, but one of these cows with 50 million yen in 2002. This auction has never really seen a low price averaging.

Speaker Change #110: About 20 million yen.

Speaker Change #130: Kevin it's like the auction have also fostered another medicine.

Speaker Change #130: What pharmacy and must be soccer massage that cows with alcohol.

Speaker Change #130: At this time it is not to improve their appetite, but they're appealing.

Speaker Change #130: But with your Arsenal third I know you guys are.

Speaker Change #130: She's actually diagnosed.

Speaker Change #130: Unusual Fuji receiver comparison, so you hold your staff community that it doesn't knock onto nuc with them on that.

Speaker Change #130: What was your number will go up materially.

Speaker Change #154: It wasn't at all because I can tell you.

Speaker Change #130: Bothering user time.

Speaker Change #130: Tunnel, you'll go our yards.

Speaker Change #153: I don't mind.

Speaker Change #110: Yes.

Speaker Change #110: It's not just auto towns that cost.

Speaker Change #110: Cards can be very expensive.

Speaker Change #110: Clinical sure. He asked we have demand.

Speaker Change #110: He don't keep doesn't raise his cattle from bus at 10 months old Castle is sold at auctions throughout Japan.

Speaker Change #110: Hey, don't you spent almost half of his time at block buying cars and he's very demanding the law the law.

Speaker Change #110: The cash cow.

Speaker Change #110: Mr Ma style.

Mackenzie: He'd only Mackenzie.

Mackenzie: Uh huh.

Mackenzie: Wish you all a.

Mackenzie: But youre looking at there is a more critical.

Mackenzie: Meanwhile, we will do there.

Mackenzie: That's normal.

Mackenzie: So no.

Mackenzie: It wasn't you must also gaining Sheila.

Mackenzie: And I wish you and your whole meter chipotle.

Mackenzie: Tiger.

Mackenzie: But the anti digging Scottish stop he.

Mackenzie: Your AWS.

Mackenzie: One of course, you are but when the Tyco killer.

Mackenzie: In mid June.

Mackenzie: What I see on a car they want more competition.

Mackenzie: B M. At 12 is the highest modeling wait for walking in Japan, the more intense the marbling the higher the price.

Mackenzie: The customers in Tokyo, 100 grams, Donlin cost 10000 yen, but that's still much less than what policing.

Mackenzie: Maria can you buy the same cut is sold at 360 euros.

Mackenzie: [music], the most premium cut tenderloin aspect.

Mackenzie: 5000 euros per kilograms.

Speaker Change #155: Come on of your honesty.

Maria: Got you.

Maria: Two points.

Maria: Okay.

Mackenzie: Because.

Mackenzie: Sure.

Mackenzie: Bush.

Mackenzie: Stefan.

Mackenzie: Got it.

Mackenzie: No.

Mackenzie: Yes.

Mackenzie: No.

Mackenzie: The Bush.

Mackenzie: Yes.

Mackenzie: I gotcha.

Mackenzie: Gotcha core numbers.

Mackenzie: <unk>.

Mackenzie: So go ahead.

Mackenzie: So if I'm a former pleasant good Tessa Michelle purplish elusive.

Mackenzie: Yeah.

Mackenzie: The Paris restaurant with the bus to successfully explore matsuzaka walking out of Japan and included on its Manny it's.

Mackenzie: Its most expensive tasting menu costs 520 euros.

Mackenzie: Matsuzaka Rocky is heavily regulated to include much talk of beef on the man the backdrop, you've got to follow the strict rules.

Mackenzie: The Paris restaurant needed to apply for a license, which took a year to be credited.

Mackenzie: To maintain at the restaurant to have a high rating on Google maps, and they couldnt be another restaurants, serving matsuzaka Walgreens within an 840 meter radius.

Mackenzie: As of 2023, he's lucky is shipped only three counts did not yet gone air diesel. This limited supply the 520 Euro men with IPU lunches premium tend knowing it's tough to only one table per day.

Mackenzie: This exclusivity is that to get a little bit Lisa.

Mackenzie: In the last 10 years, Japan has been a major input.

Mackenzie: U S beef importing an average of $1 $83 billion a year.

Mackenzie: Meanwhile, millions worth of work he may be opposite Johnny as it reached international thing.

Mackenzie: Klein and tourism after the COVID-19 outbreak and a change in consumer behavior towards cheaper meat exacerbated that.

Mackenzie: And now Japanese cattle farmers are looking outside the country's borders the export quota for Matsuzaka has jumped from 24 and 2022 to 700 in 2024.

Mackenzie: Often it's the most premium cuts naturally.

Mackenzie: Does it go into high end restaurants, like multiyear Kenya in Paris.

Mackenzie: This is pushing farmers, who want to ship opposed to bet on the lucrative dangerous long fattening period.

Mackenzie: Yeah.

Mackenzie: <unk> August.

Mackenzie: Does he more hygiene cigna.

Mackenzie: From the origin of the budget to save US a table mutter.

Mackenzie: People cross the Andes had been eating quinoa, we before it hit the shelves at gourmet markets not just awareness.

Mackenzie: Similar thing, although I guess elemental of incremental remain or not but I guess looking at like let's.

Mackenzie: And I say, Atlanta brick and mortar world, but nothing with demand for demand in August.

Mackenzie: Uh huh.

Mackenzie: For centuries, Peruvians of ground, the green to make flower and from N teacher, a popular drink.

Mackenzie: Quinoa with secret to the Inca, who called it the mother Green, that's because it grew well under harsh conditions and flourish in areas, where other crops struggled.

Speaker Change #138: What do you think.

Speaker Change #121: But isn't there yet.

Speaker Change #121: Alright.

Speaker Change #157: Got it.

Speaker Change #121: The greenhouse adapted as weather patterns have changed in recent years, but growing it is still a struggle in Nissan and baton Bookrunner rotor LTM plague the quotation sympathies here, but I am a single meeting with them.

Speaker Change #121: Ignacio was one of around 68000 quinoa producers in Peru.

Speaker Change #121: He's been out in the field with his family and he was just 10 years old.

Speaker Change #121: And another half a million dollars.

Speaker Change #121: Not fully yet that have actually come on and you won't get them all hard I don't need a book of book up of course, he went and gain on our commodity sell somebody a thorn on.

Speaker Change #121: The season to plan Quinoa starts at the end of the summer.

Speaker Change #121: Workers gather early in the morning.

Speaker Change #121: And they pass around handfuls of Coca leaves.

Speaker Change #121: Okay.

Speaker Change #121: Then they called departure Mama or mother Earth to help them get the job done quickly and you put the horse.

Speaker Change #121: Great.

Speaker Change #121: But honestly somewhat tricky.

Speaker Change #121: Nausea says the plant acts as a mild stimulant that gives them strength.

Speaker Change #121: Ignacio and his family so the seeds after the soil has been Herald and fertilized.

Speaker Change #121: About seven months later, they harvest the crop by hand.

Speaker Change #121: Okay.

Speaker Change #121: Yes.

Speaker Change #121: Discipline ethical Alton chromosomes of your annuity and run off that woman cornerstone, where those he local come with aces denies on again.

Speaker Change #121: Then they cut the branches and removed the edible parts of the green.

Speaker Change #121: Is there a hurdle a forfeiture of makena.

Speaker Change #121: It's kind of policy as contango.

Speaker Change #121: They take the grain to remove any leftover dirt and then transfer the quinoa to a small warehouse.

Speaker Change #121: They help we're getting with them and put them on or any further.

Speaker Change #121: With automobile book.

Speaker Change #121: Okay.

Speaker Change #121: Okay.

Speaker Change #121: Yes.

Speaker Change #121: Thanks.

Speaker Change #121: About a decade ago Ignacio and his family would have traveled across the country to sell there quinoa.

Speaker Change #121: And you can see them in auto Lugano in America.

Speaker Change #121: Yeah.

Speaker Change #121: And I'll put up later in the quarter.

Speaker Change #121: Okay.

Speaker Change #121: Martin.

Speaker Change #121: But that's now the job of Cobain Cabana cooperative that represents more than 600 farmers in southern Peru, Dave.

Speaker Change #121: Dave will indicate to you on a brilliant critical proof that it will.

Dave Devault: I do want to keep them informed my own alleanza.

Dave Devault: Hum.

Speaker Change #121: Understanding.

Speaker Change #121: Representatives from cooperatives like you say B O visit the farms to inspect the green.

Speaker Change #121: Cooperatives pay farmers like Ignacio about $1.50 per kilo.

Speaker Change #121: I'm hesitant, a pacemaker effectively demeco macnab, there has it become a consumer like what they see and better knowledge like Atlanta.

Speaker Change #121: Corporate October thought about 1200 tonnes of quinoa a process every year at the cooperatives facility.

Speaker Change #121: Once the quinoa reaches their warehouse workers thoroughly wash it twice to remove a bitter chemical called proponent for casinos hasn't win level in both a dealership so I'm out of woven lekima.

Speaker Change #121: [music] they split the quinoa into categories remove any impurities and then package it.

Speaker Change #121: It will make its way overseas the cooperative says that exports to the U S. The European Union and Japan.

Speaker Change #121: In the U S. The product has become increasingly popular America imports about a third of all the world's quinoa.

Speaker Change #121: But it wasn't always this way quinoa used to be mostly unknown outside of the Andes, Brazil era, and we went up.

Speaker Change #121: The leucadia cannot.

Speaker Change #121: But it all began to change in 2009, when the Peruvian government started establishing free trade agreements.

Speaker Change #121: Became easier for companies to export to the U S and beyond.

Speaker Change #121: Over the next few years commerce between Peru, and the U S reportedly boot.

Speaker Change #121: Word spread about the nutritious superfood that was gluten free and high protein.

Speaker Change #121: When stuff like the keto diet, we're taking off and there was this kind of conventional wisdom that hey look among all of those grants that you can be eating kino I'd, probably packs the strongest punch in terms of appropriate the United Nations, even declared 2013, the international year of chemo to celebrate the ancestral practices of the Indian people based.

Speaker Change #121: Shining a big bright spotlight on quinoa is something that people should consume further help and that really led to the whole thing the average price of quinoa and Peru almost doubled between 2012 in 2014.

Speaker Change #121: And it wasn't just producers who benefited the ryzen quinoa sales helped locals who didn't even work with the crop.

Speaker Change #121: There's probably some kind of trickle down effect in the economy, where the keno a price rise.

Speaker Change #121: Led to the people who are selling it being significantly better off.

Speaker Change #121: And spending some of those funds on the economy in 2011, almost 80% of the country's quinoa was produced in the region of Puna.

Speaker Change #121: And farmers in other parts of the country tried to cash into some affordably relied on chemical fertilizers to cultivate the green in 2014, Peru set a record for chemo production, but.

Speaker Change #121: A treble lay ahead for Peruvian farmers.

Speaker Change #121: For centuries, the green had mostly been harvested in the east because it thrives in high altitudes, but quinoa farmers started popping up in other parts of the World and let me talk a little bit behind your cellular perusing the Atlantic into law must implement a claim Peru I think globalization is a double edged sword.

Speaker Change #121: These household and benefits from the global demand for that product, but it also means that it has really pushed other regions.

Speaker Change #121: The globe to experiment with groundswell themselves.

Speaker Change #121: The market was flooded with quinoa that caused prices to plunge by the end of 2015.

Speaker Change #121: Farmers in Peru, reportedly begin to struggle and some had to sell livestock to survive.

Speaker Change #121: Others hold onto their quinoa, hoping that prices would rise again.

Speaker Change #121: But by 2020, the price of Quinoa, Peru had dropped to about half of its 2014 high.

Speaker Change #121: Meanwhile, farmers in Peru are producing more quinoa than ever.

Speaker Change #121: But the type sold in supermarkets represent just a fraction of the 3000 varieties that can be harvested here simply were not able to listen in.

Speaker Change #121: Massimo most implement in Cologne.

Speaker Change #121: Critical notices zohar in need.

Speaker Change #121: In Cana Blanca.

Speaker Change #121: Because when you look at the NIM, which was on the fifth colonial farmers.

Speaker Change #121: Farmers would traditionally called to the different types of chemo to make sure that at least some thrived if weather conditions, where harsh but some have abandon this practice to focus on the most lucrative strains and experts worry. This may mean, losing many varieties of the ancient crop. She said he envelope Saturday they started I'm ready to accept their names.

Speaker Change #121: It's having a musky I won't ask any I've almost compressors cannot blasts per center.

Speaker Change #121: It's why many are brought here to the National Institute of agricultural innovation, and methodical thought isn't a momentary Monday named asking me here, but I think we'll deal with it gain or something could you wont really not supposed to say you don't want any letting me, yet and I suppose skamania musculoskeletal semi irrelevant and it wasn't enough to another and those bonds are gangs instead, all Muslim enough komura ankle in mass and almost that kind of is here.

Speaker Change #121: Everybody about it.

Speaker Change #121: Some of those less common strains could have uses beyond food and must be stocked to continue the way they are.

Speaker Change #121: So funny enough point, instead of Italy that viral induced because theyre better than this but in the subtlety of the pharma cost operating even this atlas at the hint.

Speaker Change #121: Both of them are gandhinagar nausea, but what we see in the specific comment there is target Unlevered circuit components. Ignacio says he would eventually like to sell baked goods like cookies made of quinoa.

Speaker Change #121: For now he has to focus on myself.

Speaker Change #121: Today's Steve and his team are working on a test shoot for Burger King they'll use it to try and land the client.

Speaker Change #121: Brett Kurzweil is a veteran food stylist, it's his job to make the Burger look like a whopper, who usually has a budget of a couple of thousand dollars and he always buys a lot more then he'll use so we can pick out the perfect will combine Patti and veggies.

Speaker Change #121: And then he gets to work, but he doesn't come to meet all the way through because I didn't want to shrink too much I wanted to get as much volume out of this piece of the meters. They could get even perfect parties need final touches. So he uses the colorant made of gravy darkened area in soap to out of charred look he only has to paint have the burger because the camera films.

Speaker Change #121: Just one side a mixture of vaseline and pulverized meet helps fill in any holes.

Speaker Change #121: And those grow marked another tricks of the trade Bret he submental skewers and then I.

Speaker Change #121: Just pushed into the Burger with the heart.

Speaker Change #121: Hot metal and it seared next hemo the cheese using a closed steamer.

Speaker Change #156: He came to Symantec.

Speaker Change #140: I just showed you said youre for food.

Speaker Change #140: But I also I'm trying to.

Speaker Change #140:

Speaker Change #140: Control how much comes out so I've covered up some of the holes.

Speaker Change #121: He gets the onions, and tomatoes, unimplanted, so they lie flatter.

Speaker Change #121: So you would have been a really good surge in another way.

Speaker Change #158: Well, Yeah, My mother would have been happier.

Speaker Change #121: Some other tricks denture cream to holdup ingredients for condensation on cans or use glycerin.

Speaker Change #121: Well, Brett finishes up Steve team is making sure everything is ready onset. The trickiest part is combining with a client wants in the commercial with what's technologically possible. They have no idea about engineering, yeah. They're just like robots are cool, we want a robot, but since today he's working on a test year. He just has to implement his.

Speaker Change #121: One vision.

Speaker Change #121: One of those people.

Speaker Change #121: Whereas the.

Speaker Change #121: Protection.

Speaker Change #121: Then he turns to master rigor Matthew Hubert He says half the time he has to build the regs completely from scratch they.

Speaker Change #121: They provide the structure for the specialized equipment that makes food Dan across the screen.

Speaker Change #121: His work goes hand in hand, with the robot the robot obviously is a huge the complicated and expensive thing that's used for a lot of what we do but if you only just need a straight line movement pulling back it's easier to set up a simple machine. That's just as a single type of movement.

Speaker Change #121: Like these are person he uses to lunch food.

Speaker Change #121: Or are these catapult.

Speaker Change #121: To save on buying new parts. He uses a lot of the same base pieces.

Speaker Change #121: It's like Legos put stuff together.

Speaker Change #121: Take it apart.

Speaker Change #121: Different with it the next time, so we've used like a lot of these pieces probably like hundreds of times. Meanwhile, Paolo Andre is Ramirez is finalizing the fat from the tables to the ketchup bottle is off to the side I wanted to feel real.

Speaker Change #121: <unk> is blank they won't feel like it.

Speaker Change #121: That's a real commercial kitchen.

Speaker Change #121: Every inch visible to the camera matters. So Paolo team built this tile wall just for the shoot.

Speaker Change #121: But they said it still felt empty.

Speaker Change #121: So we just added as Phil has two floating shelf up there.

Speaker Change #121: Plan for something and then we'll just have to be ready for the unexpected or typical props budget is $40000 of shoot but she can pull a lot from her personal collection. This has been 20 years of collecting and that's just like Salvation Army garage sells years and years of.

Speaker Change #121: Yeah.

Speaker Change #121: I always like to have extra so they're shooting.

Speaker Change #121: An example, a glass of soda.

Speaker Change #121: I need to have all six of the same glasses for quick changes if theyre scratched because its video so it's all in.

Speaker Change #121: One breaks exactly so when that Burger arrived at game time I Gotta go on set.

Speaker Change #121: Now, it's a race against the clock.

Speaker Change #121: And Chris angled feels right.

Speaker Change #159: We know that she is looking for.

Speaker Change #121: Okay.

Speaker Change #121: Go ahead and roll camera.

Speaker Change #121: Sure.

Speaker Change #121: Yes.

Speaker Change #127: And then push it a little bit closer.

Speaker Change #127: Hi.

Speaker Change #127: Today, they have custom built water cooled lights that don't towards the food. He used to have to have like these really hot lights, though like the food in it with di really quickly so like the ice cream would be like impossible to shoot in slow motion because they're just milk secondly, turn the lights on but that might as well start to well in a matter of minutes hot lights or not.

Speaker Change #127: So quick moving robots and tons of planning are essential to keep us on schedule.

Speaker Change #127: Cause any delay could even running over budget.

Speaker Change #127: The first action uses the dalai them to create something known as the Hitchcock effect, but.

Speaker Change #127: The whole background is like rural warping around it skew the robot, they're actually the same kind of build cars.

Speaker Change #127: This robot costs $150000.

Speaker Change #127: And it can pretty much do any move you can think of sometimes you can program the robot pretty quickly some moves take a whole day, here's the second shot Steve envision the camera moving through a field of burgers as each gets pulled out of frame.

Speaker Change #127: We're probably only like an inch and a half away from that Burger.