Q4 2025 Greenfirst Forest Products Inc Earnings Call

March 26, 2026

[Company Representative] (GreenFirst Forest Products): Certainties and assumptions which may cause GreenFirst actual or future results and performance to be materially different from those expressed or implied in these statements. Additional information about these risks, factors, and assumptions is included in GreenFirst MD&A and annual AIF, which can be accessed on the company's website or through SEDAR+. After the speaker's remarks, there will be a question-and-answer session. Please submit your questions through the online portal. I will now pass it over to Joel Fournier to begin the management presentation.

Sylvie Bantten: Certainties and assumptions which may cause GreenFirst actual or future results and performance to be materially different from those expressed or implied in these statements. Additional information about these risks, factors, and assumptions is included in GreenFirst MD&A and annual AIF, which can be accessed on the company's website or through SEDAR+. After the speaker's remarks, there will be a question-and-answer session. Please submit your questions through the online portal. I will now pass it over to Joel Fournier to begin the management presentation.

Joel Fournier: Thank you very much, Sylvie, and good morning, everyone, and welcome to our year-end and Q4 2025 earnings call. I'm Joel Fournier, the Chief Executive Officer of GreenFirst. Today, I'm joined by Peter Ferrante, our Chief Financial Officer, and Michel Lessard, our President. The first point worth noting for our shareholders, the safety record of our employee achieved in 2025. All mills finished the year with their lowest severity and incident frequency rate in their history. These results position GreenFirst among the best in the industry from a safety perspective and demonstrate a strong commitment to our safety culture. We did finish the quarter with a negative EBITDA of CAD -21.7 million. This is mainly due to weaker market condition, whereby benchmark pricing was at its lowest point for the year in December.

Joel Fournier: Thank you very much, Sylvie, and good morning, everyone, and welcome to our year-end and Q4 2025 Earnings Call. I'm Joel Fournier, the Chief Executive Officer of GreenFirst. Today, I'm joined by Peter Ferrante, our Chief Financial Officer, and Michel Lessard, our President. The first point worth noting for our shareholders, the safety record of our employee achieved in 2025. All mills finished the year with their lowest severity and incident frequency rate in their history. These results position GreenFirst among the best in the industry from a safety perspective and demonstrate a strong commitment to our safety culture. We did finish the quarter with a negative EBITDA of CAD -21.7 million. This is mainly due to weaker market condition, whereby benchmark pricing was at its lowest point for the year in December.

All Millz finish the year with their lowest severity and incident frequency rate in their history.

We did finish the quarter with the negative Aida of 21.7 million.

Joel Fournier: Additionally, this was the first full quarter the company was subject to the higher combined antidumping and countervailing duty rate of 35.16%. Furthermore, in October 2025, the US administration imposed a 10% tariff on lumber under Section 232. To help with the situation, the federal Canadian government announced support program for the forest industry in response to those tariffs. Through these programs, GreenFirst secured a CAD 30 million loan with its banking partner, BMO, under the Softwood Lumber Program. Additional programs are available, and we are exploring how the company can benefit from them. I will now go through some 2025 and Q4 highlights compared to last year.

This is mainly due to weaker market conditions, whereby benchmark pricing was at its lowest point for the year in December.

Additionally.

This was the first full quarter the company was subject to the higher combined entity dumping and countervailing duty rate of 35.16%.

Furthermore, in October 2025, the US administration imposed a 10% tariff on lumber under Section 232.

To help with the situation. The federal Canadian government announced support program for the forest industry in response to those tariffs.

through these programs green for secure at 30 million loan with this banking, partner demo under the softwood number program

Additional programs are available, and we are exploring how the company can benefit from them.

Joel Fournier: Our sales volume, we finished the year with 401 million MFBM in 2025 versus 408 million MFBM in 2024. This was impacted by lower production for the year. For the quarter, we did finish with sales volume at 108 million MFBM, which was higher than previous quarter and higher than Q4 last year. Production, we finished the year with 401 MFBM in 2025 versus 414 MFBM in 2024. For Q4, we produced 93 million MFBM, which was lower than previous quarter. The decrease was primarily due to the installation and ramp-up of the new saw line at Chapleau and also market-driven curtailment at other mills in December.

I will now go through some 2025 and 2, uh, Q4 highlight compared to last year.

Her sales volume, we finished the year with for 41 million fbm in 2025 versus 48 million. Mm. At the end in 2024,

This was impacted by lower production for the year.

for the quarter, we did finish with sales volume, at 108 million in fbm

This was higher than the previous quarter and higher than Q4 last year.

Production.

Production, we finished the year with 401 MBF in 2025 versus 414 MBF in 2024. For Q4, we produced 93 million MBF, which was lower than previous quarters.

Joel Fournier: Without this curtailment, production would have been higher in 2025 versus 2024. The production loss for the Chapleau line installation was expected. Quality. We made significant improvement in grading and quality in 2025, with the upper grade output increased by approximately 15% by year-end. We expect continued benefit into 2026. Continuous improvement. Our employee identified and executed initiative generating approximately CAD 7 million in EBITDA gain, non-CapEx related during the year of 2025. Now, I'm gonna speak a little bit about capital expenditure and continuous improvement. As part of previously announced CAD 50 million capital investment program aimed at improving our cost structure, GreenFirst is proceeding with only selected strategic projects at this time.

The decrease was primarily due to the installation and ramp up of the new saw line at shoplo and also market-driven curtailment at other Mills in December.

Without this curtailment, collection would have been higher in 2025 versus 2024.

The production loss for the shop line, and installation was expected.

Quality.

We made significant improvement in grading and quality in 2025, with the upper grade output increasing by approximately 15% by year-end.

We expect.

Continued benefit into 2026.

Continuous Improvement.

Our employee identify and executed initiative generating approximately 7 million and Aida gain non-cap, extra heated during the year of 2025.

Now, I'm going to speak a little bit about capital expenditure and continuous Improvement.

Joel Fournier: As communicated in previous quarter, in Q3 2025, the primary focus has been the installation of the new saw line at Chapleau, a new planer mill, and the cogeneration refurbishment. While the downtime impacted Q3 results, it allow us to complete the installation during a period of weaker market condition. Commissioning began in November and December, and ramp-up is continuing through Q1 2026. Currently, production is approximately 80% of target, while recovery rates are fully on target. The new planer mill is performing as expected, with improved product and quality. The cogeneration refurbishment has delivered the anticipated benefit in drying capacity and energy production as well. These projects are now complete and fully operational, positioning us to capture the production gain expected from the new saw line at Chapleau.

As part of the previously announced $50 million capital investment program aimed at improving our cost structure, GreenFirst is proceeding with only selected strategic projects at this time.

As communicated in the previous quarter, in Q3 2025, the primary focus has been the installation of the new saw line at Shoplo, a new planer mill, and the co-generation refurbishment.

While the downtime impacted Q3 results at allow us to complete the installation during a period of weaker market conditions.

26.

Currently production is Approximately 80% of Target while recovery rate are fully On Target.

The new planer Mill is part is performing as expected with improved product and quality.

The co-generation, refurbishment has delivered the anticipated benefit in drying capacity and energy production as well.

Joel Fournier: I'm also pleased to report that the saw line project will be completed below budget cost, supported by CAD 6 million in funding from the provincial government in form of a grant and loan. In the short term, our focus will remain on completing the commissioning of the Chapleau line. We will defer additional strategic capital expenditure for now. In 2025, we also executed routine maintenance capital expenditure of around CAD 9 million with no issue. I will now cover 2025 and Q4 lumber market. The lumber markets remained challenging through 2025 and Q4. Prices were stronger in Q1 but declined steadily during the year, reaching their lowest point in December 2025.

These projects are now complete and fully operational, positioning us to capture the production gain expected from the new Star Line.

I'm also pleased to report that the saline project will be completed below budget cost.

Supported by 6 million dollar in funding from the provincial government in form of a grant and Loan.

In the short term, a focus will remain on completing the commissioning of the shop loan line.

We will differ additional strategic capital expenditure for now.

In 2025, we also executed routine maintenance capital expenditure of around $9 million with no issue.

I will now cover 2025 and Q4 lumber market.

Joel Fournier: The Western-based price benchmark was at $380 a thousand in December compared to $492 in Q1 of 2025. We continue to see in 2025 market headwinds with lots of uncertainty around the market created by the geopolitical situation. We're still seeing high costs for housing. Even though the interest rate, the mortgage rate declined in 2025, there is still lots of uncertainty around those numbers. On the strategic side, GreenFirst continued to strengthen its partnership with key home center customers, increasing volume with that segment by approximately 30% in 2025. The sales team will continue to explore additional opportunities in Canada where it makes sense strategically and economically.

The lumber Market remain challenging through 2025 and Q4 price were stronger in the first quarter but declined, steadily during the year reaching their lowest point in December 2025,

The Western base price Benchmark was at 380,000 in December compared to 492 in q1 of 2025.

We continue to see in 2025 Market, headwinds with lots of uncertainty, around the market, created by the geopolitical situation.

uh, we we, we're still seeing high cost for housing and even though the interest rate the boarded rate decline in 2025, there's still lots of uncertainty around those number

on the Strategic Side, Green first continued to strengthen its partnership with keyhome Center.

Customers increasing volume with that segment, by approximately 30% in 2025.

Joel Fournier: While housing starts came in below expectation and declining during 2025, the repair and remodeling market show a modest growth during the year. This is one of the reasons GreenFirst Forest is positioning itself to increase exposure and business within that segment. For 2026, we remain cautious in our forecast, anticipating only modest price increase in the back half of 2026. In the short term, we expect demand to increase slightly following the seasonal trend with housing starts. Over to you, Peter, for the financial section.

The sales team will continue to explore additional opportunity in Canada. Where it makes sense, strategically and economically.

While housing start came in below expectation and declining during 2025 the repair and remodeling Market show, a modest growth during the year.

This is one of the reasons GreenFirst is positioning itself to increase exposure.

And business within that segment.

For 2026, we remain cautious in our forecast, anticipating only a modest price increase in the back half of 2026.

In the short term, we expect demand to increase slightly.

Following the seasonal Trend with housing start.

Peter Ferrante: Thank you, Joel, and good morning to everyone. Please refer to the cautionary language regarding forward-looking information in our Q4 2025 management discussion and analysis. For the fourth quarter ended 31 December 2025, total revenues were CAD 76.9 million, up from CAD 69.9 million in Q4 2024. Lumber sales increased to CAD 70.7 million, while byproducts and other sales were slightly lower at CAD 6.3 million. Shipment volumes were 108 million board feet, broadly in line with prior period. Average selling price in Q4 was $654, down from $680 in Q4 2024. While duties and tariffs are paid by GreenFirst and included in the commodity prices charged to our customers, earlier in the year we saw price increases reflecting the temporary introduction of tariffs.

Peter Ferrante: Thank you, Joel, and good morning to everyone. Please refer to the cautionary language regarding forward-looking information in our Q4 2025 management discussion and analysis. For the Q4 ended 31 December 2025, total revenues were CAD 76.9 million, up from CAD 69.9 million in Q4 2024. Lumber sales increased to CAD 70.7 million, while byproducts and other sales were slightly lower at CAD 6.3 million. Shipment volumes were 108 million board feet, broadly in line with prior period. Average selling price in Q4 was $654, down from $680 in Q4 2024. While duties and tariffs are paid by GreenFirst and included in the commodity prices charged to our customers, earlier in the year we saw price increases reflecting the temporary introduction of tariffs.

Over to you Peter for the financial section.

Thank you, Joel and good morning to everyone. Please refer to the cautionary language regarding forward-looking information and Our Truth for 2025 management discussion and Analysis.

For the fourth quarter and the December 31st 2025 total revenues were 76.9 million up from 69.9 million and Q4 2024.

Lumber sales increased to 70.7 million wide by products and other sales were slightly lower at 6.3 million.

Shipment volumes were 108 million boy in line with prior period.

Average 7, price in Q4 was 654 down from 680 in Q4 2024.

Peter Ferrante: In Q4, however, despite further duty increases in Section 232 tariffs, prices did not rise correspondingly, suggesting weaker market demand and limited pass-through authority. Total cost of sales for Q4 were CAD 686 million, up from CAD 67.3 million in Q4 2024, driven by inventory write-downs, downtime associated with the Chapleau large log line, and other operational factors. Other expenses in the quarter included CAD 15.1 million of duties, with combined duty and tariff rates reaching approximately 45% in Q4 2025, compared to 14% in Q4 2024. SG&A totaled CAD 1.5 million. During the quarter, the company identified that certain costs previously capitalized to inventory and subsequently expensed as cost of sales was more appropriately categorized as selling, general and administrative expenses during the year ended 31 December 2024.

While duties and tariffs are paid by GreenFirst and included in the commodity prices charged to customers, earlier in the year, we saw price increases reflecting the temporary introduction of tariffs in Q4. Whether this is despite further duty increases in Section 232 tariffs, prices did not rise correspondingly, suggesting we could market the amount and limit the pass-through authority.

Total cost of sales for Q4 where 6 886 million 866 million up from 67.3 million in Q4 2024.

Driven by inventory, write down down, down time associated with the shaft for a large log Line, and other operational factors.

The Q4 2024.

Sgna sgna. Totaled 1, 1.5 million.

during the quarter, the company identified that certain

Peter Ferrante: The impact on the December 31, 2024 inventory balance was not material and has not been adjusted in these consolidated financial statements. The company has recorded a reclassification of CAD 4.8 million to reduce cost of sales and increase selling general and administrative expenses in the 2024 financial statements. This adjustment has no impact on net loss, the statement of cash flows or the statement of changes in shareholders' equity. Year-over-year fluctuations otherwise primarily reflect inflationary pressures and the timing of corporate initiatives rather than structural changes. In addition, during 2025, the company identified indicators of impairment related to lumber operations driven by continuous weakness in market prices, macroeconomic conditions, and elevated duties or tariffs. As a result, the company performed an impairment assessment at the lumber operations cash generating unit level, reflecting the integrated nature of its manufacturing and forest assets.

Um cost previously, capitalized to inventory and subsequently expand. As cost of sales was more appropriately. Categorized as selling General and administrative expenses during the year ended. December 31st 2024.

The impact on the December 31, 2024 inventory balance was not material and has not been adjusted in these consolidated financial statements.

The company has recorded a reclassification of 4.8 million to reduce cost of sales and increase selling General administrative. Expenses in the year, 2024 financial statements.

This adjustment has no impact on net loss, the statement of cash flows, or the statement of changes in shareholders’ equity.

Year-over-year fluctuations otherwise primarily reflect inflationary pressures and the timing of corporate initiatives, rather than structural changes.

In addition, during 2025 the company identified and did an indicators of impairment related to Lumber operations, driven by continuous weakness in market prices, macroeconomic conditions, and elevated duties or tariffs.

Peter Ferrante: Using a discounted cash flow approach over a five-year projection plus terminal value, the company determined that the recoverable amount of the cash generating unit was CAD 9 million lower than its carrying value, resulting in an impairment charge of allocated to selected fixed assets on a pro-rata basis. Key assumptions included lumber prices, sales volumes, log and production costs, capital expenditures, duties and tariffs, terminal growth, and a post-tax discount rate of 12%. Sensitivity analysis confirmed that reasonable changes to these assumptions would not materially change the conclusion. This impairment contributed to pressure on net loss and EBITDA for the quarter, leading to adjusted EBITDA from continued operations for Q4 was -CAD 21.7 million compared to -CAD 900 thousand in Q4 2024. This reflects inventory write-downs, operational downtime, higher tariffs, while underlining the underlying core manufacturing performance remained relatively stable.

As a result, the company performed an internal assessment at the lumber operations cast, generating your work, level reflecting the integrated nature of its manufacturing and Forest process.

Using a discounted cash flow approach over a 5-year projection plus terminal value, the company determined that the recoverable amount for the cash-generating unit was $9 million lower than its carrying value.

Resulting in an impairment charge of of allocated to selected 6 assets on a pro Rider basis.

Key assumptions included, lumber prices sales, volumes log and production costs Capital expenditures.

Duties and tariffs terminal growth and a post-tax discount rate of 12%.

Sensitivity analysis, confirmed that reasonable changes to these assumptions, would not materialy change. The conclusion, this impairment contributed to pressure on that loss. And even though for the quarter

leading to an adjusted EBITDA from continuing operations for Q4 of negative $21.7 million, compared to negative

900,000 in Q4 2024.

Peter Ferrante: Turning over to liquidity and capital resources. As of 31 December 2025, the company maintained strong liquidity with total available borrowing capacity of approximately CAD 107 million, including the revolver, equipment term loan, and the 30 million softwood lumber program loan, which was finalized in January 2026 in terms of funding. Drawdowns at the end of the year totaled CAD 28.9 million on the revolving credit facility, with letters of credit totaling CAD 3.9 million, leaving approximately CAD 74.4 million of available liquidity to support ongoing operations and working capital needs. For comparison purposes, at the end of 31 December 2024, total borrowing capacity was CAD 72 million, with CAD 13.7 million drawn and letters of credit of CAD 8.3 million, leaving approximately CAD 50.1 million available liquidity.

This reflects inventory right now, operational downtime, higher tires while underlining the underlying core, manufacturing, performance remains relatively stable.

Turning over to liquidity and capital resources, as of as of December 31st 2025 the company, maintained strong liquidity with total available, borrowing capacity of approximately 107 million, including the revolver equipment, turn loan, and the 30% program loan, which was finalized.

In January 2026, in terms of funding,

Draw Downs at the end of the year. Total 28.9 million on the revolving credit facility that letters of credit totaling 3.9 million leaving approximately 74.4 million of available liquidity to support, ongoing operations and kept working capital needs.

For comparison purposes. At the end of December 31st, 2024 total borrowing capacity was 72 million with 13.7 million drawn.

Peter Ferrante: At the end of December 31, 2025, this shows approximately a CAD 24 million addition. Year over year increase in available liquidity reflects both drawdowns on the revolver, equipment term loan, and the potential benefit of the softwood lumber program financing, which would have significantly increased capacity had it been funded prior to year-end. Overall, the company continues to maintain a conservative approach to leverage, ensuring flexibility to manage working capital, operational downtime, and market volatility in the lumber sector. This financial flexibility allows GreenFirst to navigate seasonal harvesting cycles in addition to market volatility and capital project funding while maintaining a strong balance sheet. Overall, Q4 mirrored the trends seen throughout 2025, with margin pressures from higher duties, market conditions, and operational disruptions, while operational performance remained consistent with expectations.

Ten letters of credit of $8.3 million, leaving approximately $50.1 million available liquidity.

Peter Ferrante: At the end of December 31, 2025, this shows approximately a CAD 24 million addition. Year-over-year increase in available liquidity reflects both drawdowns on the revolver, equipment term loan, and the potential benefit of the softwood lumber program financing, which would have significantly increased capacity had it been funded prior to year-end. Overall, the company continues to maintain a conservative approach to leverage, ensuring flexibility to manage working capital, operational downtime, and market volatility in the lumber sector. This financial flexibility allows GreenFirst to navigate seasonal harvesting cycles in addition to market volatility and capital project funding while maintaining a strong balance sheet. Overall, Q4 mirrored the trends seen throughout 2025, with margin pressures from higher duties, market conditions, and operational disruptions, while operational performance remained consistent with expectations.

so in the end of December 31st 2025, this shows approximately a 24 million

Uh, Edition.

The year over increase year over year increases as a and available liquidity. Reflects both draw Downs on the revolver equipment, turn loan and the potential benefit of the softwood. Lumber program financing, which would have been which would have significantly increased capacity and had been funded prior to your end.

Overall, the company continues to maintain the conservative approach to leverage and ensuring flexibility to manage working, capital operational, downtime and Market Market volatility and the lumber sector.

This financial flexibility allows food first to navigate seasonal harvesting Cycles.

In addition to market volatility and capital project funding, while maintaining a strong balance sheet.

Peter Ferrante: This concludes my remarks. We will now pass it over to Joel.

Were the trends seen throughout 2025 with margin pressures, from higher duties market conditions, and operational disruptions or operational. Performance, remain consistent with expectation.

Joel Fournier: Thank you very much, Peter. Finally, I would like to say GreenFirst will remain committed to continuous improvement as a core strategy to enhance business performance. At the same time, we'll maintain a prudent and disciplined approach to cash management to ensure the company is well-positioned to navigate through those potential economic headwinds and emerging market challenge. I would like to thank everyone for joining the call. We will now answer any questions that have come through. Thank you. Okay. Good morning, everyone. We do have one question that came through. With the completion of the Chapleau large log line, have you seen any meaningful increase in production volumes or quality of output? When can we expect to see this reflective in the financial results? I'm gonna take this one.

This concludes my remarks, and we will now pass it over to Joel.

Thank you very much, Peter. And finally, I would like to say GreenFirst will remain committed to continuous improvements and the core strategy intended to enhance business performance.

At the same time will make a prudent and disciplined approach to cash management to ensure the company is well positioned at gate.

Through those potential economic wins and emerging market challenges.

I would like to thank everyone for joining the call.

We will now answer any questions that I can that have come through. Thank you.

Okay, good morning, everyone. We do have one question that came through: with the completion of the ShopLuu large log line, have you seen any meaningful increase in production?

Volumes or quality of output—when can we expect to see this reflected in the financials?

Joel Fournier: So far we hit a target on lumber recovery, and we're still in ramp-up mode for production. Production is currently, like I said, around 80% range of the expected target, and we expect the ramp-up to be completed in Q2. We also see better quality of lumber going through the planer in terms of overall quality, and we saw a trim loss reduction and great improvement so far. This is very encouraging. We're also pleased to report that we expect the project to be under cost overall. In addition, we have the participation in the project from the provincial government. There's another question similar to this one that just came through. I'm gonna answer it right away. It's, what do you expect CapEx spending to be in 2026?

Uh results. So I'm going to take this 1 so far. We hit uh retarget on Lumber recovery.

And we're still in ramp up mode. For production production is currently, like I said around 80%, range of the expected Target and we expect the ramp up to be completed in Q2.

We also uh see better quality of lumber going through the planer in terms of uh of overall quality and we saw a trim loss.

Uh, reduction and great Improvement so far. So this is very encouraging.

We are also pleased to report that we expect the project to be under cost overall. In addition, we have the participation

Joel Fournier: Can you break it out in maintenance versus strategic? As far as strategic CapEx for 2026, we're gonna go with the minimum. There's still lots of uncertainty there on the market. Our approach now is we're gonna spend minimum amount on strategic. We may change course during the year, but it will all depend on market and what's the condition of GreenFirst during that time. As far as maintenance of business, we're gonna continue with only minimum selected project as we usually do compared to previous year. Really our focus for 2026 will be the ramp up of the Chapleau line. We invest quite a bit of money in that project last year, and all hands will be on deck to make sure that project deliver the results.

Um in the project from the provincial government. There's another question uh similar to this 1 that just came through. I'm going to answer it right away. It's what do you expect, uh, capex spending to be in 2026 and can you break it out? Can you break it out and, uh, maintenance versus strategic? So,

As far as strategic capex for 2026, we're going to go with the minimum. There's still lots of uncertainty there on the market. So our approach now is we, uh, we're going to spend the minimum amount on strategic.

We may change routes during the year but it will all depend on market and what's the condition of uh of green first during that time, as far as maintenance of business, we're going to continue with only minimum selected project as we usually do compared to previous year.

Joel Fournier: One quick thing I would like to mention is, the line, the project line is almost full paid out in 2025. We need to get the line up to speed in 2026 and turn that into a benefit for this year. Okay, so we do have another question here. Could you provide some insight into what you're seeing with regard to current market level and pricing? I'm gonna take this one. So during 2025, we observe a decline in average mortgage rates, which could support future housing demand. This continues to be, you know, we continue to see an underbuilt situation both in United States and Canada. Both governments have introduced program to stimulate housing starts and construction.

With your focus for 2026 will be the ramp up of the Chapo line. We invest quite a bit of money in that project last year and Alan will be on deck to make sure that project delivered. Uh, the results and 1 quick thing, I would like to mention is uh, the U

This, we almost the line, the project line is almost full paid out in 2025. So we need to get the line up to speed in 2026 and turn that into a benefit for for this year.

Market, level, and pricing. I'm going to take this one.

So during 2005, we observed a decline in average mortgage rates, which could support future housing demand.

This continued to be an, you know, we continue to see another build situation both in the United States and Canada.

Joel Fournier: In the United States, the government signed an executive order in March aimed at reducing regulatory burdens to accelerate home building and improve access to mortgage credit. Similarly, the Canadian government is focusing on financial support and policy measures to encourage housing development. We do have another question here. Could you share the company perspective on actual duties and additional tariffs as per CUSMA negotiation? I will let Michel, our President, answer that question.

And both governments have introduced program to stimulate housing starts and Construction in United States, the government signed an executive order in March aimed at reducing regular regulatory, burdens to accelerate homebuilding and improve access to mortgage credit.

Similarly, the Canadian government is focusing on financial support and policy measures to encourage Housing Development.

Michel Lessard: Yeah, thanks, Joel. The current combined duties and tariff rate, as we mentioned many times, at 45.16% certainly not sustainable for the forest industry. You know, at this level, it's extremely difficult for US customers to absorb the additional cost, particularly also in environment with interest rates remain elevated and broader market also uncertainties continue to impact the demand. From what we know, Global Affairs Canada has entered into a renewal discussion with the US and Mexico of the Canada-United States-Mexico Agreement, you know, the CUSMA. Primary focus, as you well know, will be to renew the agreement, ensuring also free trade for the majority of Canadian exports.

We do have another question here. Could you share the company perspective on actual duties and additional tariffs as per cusma negotiation? I will let me Michelle the president and Sir that question.

Yeah. Thanks. Uh, thanks Joel. Um

The current combined duties and tariff rate. As we mentioned, many times at 45.6% certainly not sustainable for the first industry. You know, at this level is extremely difficult for us. Customers to absorb the additional cost, particularly also meant with interest rates remain elevated, and broader Market also uncertainties, continue to impact the demand.

From what we know uh Canada's Department of international trade has entered into a new world discussion with the US and Mexico of the Canada US Mexico. Free Trade Agreement, you know the cusma

What we know is that they will be looking to renew the agreement, ensuring also free trade for the majority of Canadian exports.

Michel Lessard: Certainly, the removal of the Section 232 tariffs, you know, the tariffs that represent 10% will certainly be a significant point of negotiation to renew the trade agreement. I would add also that Canada has undertaken consultation with the industry and provinces, and is also committed to raise the softwood lumber dispute in these discussions. More to come on that.

Certainly that the removal of the section 230 2332 tires, you know, the tires that represent 10% will still certainly be a significant point of negotiation to renew the trade agreement and I would had also that Canada has undertaken consultation with the industry and provinces.

And uh, is also committed to raise the softwood, lumber dispute in these discussions. So more to come on that.

Joel Fournier: Yeah. We have another question here. We've seen that you're one of the few companies that enter into the agreement with BDC under the Softwood Lumber Program. Was this completed out of necessity or growth? I will let Peter, our Chief Financial Officer, answer that question.

Yep.

We have another question here. We've seen that you're one of the few companies that entered into the agreement with BDC under the Softwood Lumber Program.

Peter Ferrante: Thank you, Joel. We entered into the Softwood Lumber Program proactively to strengthen our balance sheet and enhance financial flexibility. This positions us to navigate challenging lumber market conditions, support ongoing mill ramp-ups, and capitalize on favorable market opportunities as they arise. With a strong balance sheet and strong liquidity and borrowing capacity entering into 2026, we are well equipped now to manage seasonal swings, duties, and capital needs while maintaining disciplined spending and cash flow oversight.

Was this completed out of necessity or growth? I will let Peter Chief Financial Officer. Answer that question.

Thank you, Joel. Um, we entered into the

The software Lumber program proactively to strengthen our balance sheet and enhance financial flexibility. This positions us to navigate challenges. Number market conditions support ongoing mill wrap-ups.

And capitalize on favorable Market opportunities as they arise.

With a strong balance sheet and strong liquidity, and borrowing capacity entering into 2026, we are well equipped now to manage digital swings, duties, and capital needs.

While entering while maintaining discipline spending and cash flow oversight.

Joel Fournier: Okay. We have another question here. There's been a lot of discussion around potential housing shortage in US. Could you comment when you think this could translate into real world incremental lumber demand? I will try to answer this one. There's currently a housing shortage, as we mentioned in previous quarter in US, both in US and Canada. Like I said, both governments had announced a plan to foster more housing. The US government had signed two orders in March to eliminate the regulatory burden on new housing. The federal government had announced a measure to help improve affordability and the housing financing to catalyze housing starts. I already mentioned that.

Okay. Uh, we have another question here, there's been a lot of discussion around potential housing shortage in us. Could you comment, when you think this could translate into real world and comentale lumber demand? I will, I will try to answer this 1. So there's currently a housing shortage, as we mentioned in previous quarter in us, both in US and Canada.

Like I said, both government and announced a plan to force Foster more housing.

The US government has signed two orders in March.

Uh, to eliminate the regularity burden on new house.

And and, uh, the federal government are announced measure to help improve affordability and the house financing.

Joel Fournier: I guess the additional question that I received is more around lumber outlook and what will happen with the market there. I'm sorry if I did repeat there. I thought it was good to mention that there's still, on the macroeconomic level, a gap, but we didn't see that gap to close yet or to really materialize into real demand. If you look at what's happening on the market right now, there's still lots of uncertainty. Duties and tariffs have effectively become a structural you know, component that we need to deal with. It's an ongoing headwind.

To get to catalyze housing start. But I already, I already mentioned that. I guess the additional question that I received is more around lumber outlook.

And what will happen with the market there?

So I—I'm sorry if I, I did repeat there. Uh, I thought it was, it was good to mention that there's still, on the macroeconomic level, a gap, but we didn't see that gap close yet or to really materialize and to be real.

Joel Fournier: Normally, we used to pass this apportionment to the customer, but lately, because the demand was not good in late 2025, we were not able to pass the duty and tariff down to the customer as we usually did in the past. This is something important to say there. Okay. We do have another question here. Could you provide some reasoning behind the curtailment taken in December and into January? Are you expecting this to impact Q1 results as well? I'm gonna take this one. We had to take curtailment, unfortunately, in December because of market. The price we were selling our wood was not bringing any contribution to the company, therefore it was better to shut down. We also had to take one week in January as we already press release in the past.

Uh, the men. So, if you look at what's happening on the market right now, there's still lots of uncertainty, duties in areas have effectively become a structural component that we need to deal with. It's an ongoing headwind.

Normally, we use to pass.

This a portion to the customer but lately, because the demand was not good and and late 2025. We were not able to pass the duty and tariff down to the customer as we usually did in the past. So, this is something important to, um,

Uh, to say there.

Okay. Uh we do have another question here. Could you provide some reasoning behind the curtailment taken in December? And in 2 January, are you expecting this to impact q1 results as well? So, I'm going to take this 1

We have to take your tailman, unfortunately, in December because of market.

Uh, the price, we were selling, your wood was not bringing any contribution to the company, therefore, it was better to shut down.

Joel Fournier: Going forward, you know, when the market reach a low point, we'll continue to evaluate if downtime is required or not. You know, it's not only an economic decision. When we make those difficult decisions to curtail, it's to reduce our exposure on cost and on inventory. Like, it's not our intention to overproduce at low price. When the market is low, we make a full assessment, and unfortunately, we have to take some downtime. Okay, we do have a question here. What new market do you anticipate the company entering in the near future? I will answer this one. Right now, in the current environment with high antidumping and countervailing and tariff, of course, we've been looking at other alternatives to diversify our market, minimize risk, and increase our margin.

Uh, we also had to take one week in January, as we already, uh, press released in the past going forward.

You know, when the market reaches a low point, we'll continue to evaluate if down time is required or not.

but, you know, it's it's not only an economic called decision when we when we make those difficult decision to curtail its to reduce or exposure, uh, on cost and on inventory, like it's not our intention to overproduce at low price so when the market is low, we make a full assessment and unfortunately we have to take some down time

Okay, so we do have a question here: What new market do you anticipate the company entering into in the near future?

Joel Fournier: What we're looking in the short term is, you know, we're gonna target specific grade on the spot market, and we're actually targeting more Canadian sales. If you think about where GreenFirst is located, all of our mills are in Ontario. We're close to big centers like Toronto, and we're prime positioned to target those markets with competitive freight advantage. In the short term, we're gonna target home centers mainly located in Canada, and we're gonna switch spot market sales in the US and focus more on the Canadian market. Another thing we're looking at as well is, we're looking at overseas opportunities. We're looking at England, Egypt, and other areas in the world, but those two markets got our attention.

Uh I will answer this 1 so right now in the current environment with high anti-dumping and contravening and Tariff. Of course, we've been looking at other alternatives to diversify our Market minimize risk and increase uh margin.

So, what we're looking at in the short term is, you know, we're going to target specific grade on the spot market, and we're actually targeting more Canadian sales. If you think about where GreenFirst is located, all of our mills are in Ontario. We're close to big centers like Toronto.

And we're in a prime position to target those markets with a competitive freight advantage. So in the short term, we're going to target home centers, mainly located in Canada, and we're going to try—we're going to switch spot market sales in the US and focus more on the Canadian market.

Joel Fournier: We don't see a huge advantage to start shipping in England right now, but we're gonna closely continue to monitor every week if those markets are worth it or not. There's another question that came here. In February, the US Supreme Court upheld a US Court of International Trade ruling that found the International Emergency Economic Powers Act, IEEPA, tariff of 25% were imposed illegally. What does it represent for GreenFirst? I will let Michel, our President, answer that question.

We're looking at overseas opportunities. We're looking at England, Egypt, and other areas in the world, but those two markets got your attention.

Uh, we don't see, um,

A huge advantage to start shipping in England right now, but we're going to closely continue to monitor every week.

uh, if those markets are worth it or not,

there's another question that came here.

Michel Lessard: Thanks, Joel. Yeah. The US Court of International Trade has determined that IEEPA tariff should be refunded to importers. Just a bit of context also on that about you know the Canadian imports, including softwood lumber, were subject to these tariffs for only three days.

Uh in February, the US, Supreme Court, upheld a US, court of international trade ruling that found the international emergency economic power act. Iea Tariff of 25% were imposed illegally, what does it represent for green? First, I will let Michelle or president answer that question.

Thanks Joel.

Michel Lessard: In March 2025, before just that both governments agreed to eliminate them under the free trade agreement. As a result of that, I would say that the financial impact on GreenFirst is not material. Now the government of Canada has indicated that companies will need to pursue their own recourse to update any refunds. This matter is still evolving, and we are awaiting further clarity on the refund process. Okay, there's another question here. Are freight rail rates materially increased in Q1? One thing I would like to mention is the way our operations are structured; it kind of helps us in a little bit in 2025 because we do harvest all the wood or most of the wood for two of our mills during winter.

Um, yeah. So the the US court of International International Trade has determined that the ieepa. Terrorists should be refunded to import us just a bit of context. Also on that about, you know, the Canadian in part including softwood. Lumber were subject to these terrorists for, for only 3 days, in March 2025, uh, before just that both government agreed to eliminate them under the Free, Trade Agreement,

As a result of that, I would say that the financial impact on GreenFirst is not material.

Uh, now the Government of Canada has indicated that companies will need to pursue their own records to update any refund. Uh, this matter is still evolving and we are waiting for their clarity on the refund process.

Okay, there's another question here. Um, our free rail rate material increase in q1. So 1 thing I would like to mention is, uh, the way operation our structure, it kind of helped us uh, in a little bit in 2025 because we, we do Harvest.

Joel Fournier: When prices were not escalating high, when prices were acceptable, we did cut, haul most of the wood for two of our mills in 2025. All that wood is sitting in our yard right now, and we're gonna cut it in 2026. As far as shipments, we did see some increase with rails and truck related to higher fuel prices. We're closely monitoring this every day. But normally, you know, when we sell lumber, we pass the transportation cost to the customer. But it's a situation we're closely monitoring right now. We do have another question here. How is the uncertainty around Kap Paper and how it's affecting GreenFirst? I will let Michel, our President, answer the question.

All the wood or most of the wood for 2 of our of our meal uh during winter. So when when price were not escalating High when price were acceptable, we did cut hole most of the wood for 2 of our million in 2025. So all that wood is sitting in our yard right now and we're going to cut it in 2026.

As far as a shipments. Uh, we did see some some increase uh with with rails and truck uh related to higher fuel price. We're closely monitoring uh this uh, every day.

Uh but normally, you know, when we sell number, we pass the transportation cost to uh the customer. But it's a situation where closely monitoring right now.

Michel Lessard: Thanks, Joel. First, I will reiterate that Kap Paper is certainly an important partner for us as it consume a significant portion of our chips and bark that is produced by three of our four sawmills. In the current environment, for sure, the uncertainty around it, the future of Kap Paper does create some risk for GreenFirst, particularly in terms of residual management and logistics. That said, we have been proactively managing this exposure and have contingency plans in place. I would add that we're also encouraged by the work being done to secure the long-term potential conversion of the site to an MDF mill. This would provide a more sustainable and stable offset for our byproducts over time.

We do have another question here. Um, how is the uncertainty around cap paper and how it's affecting GreenFirst? First, I will let Michelle, our President, answer the question.

Thanks oil. So first I will reiterate that cap. Paper is certainly an important partner for us as it. Consume a significant portion of our chips and bar. Also that is produced by 3 of our 4 saw mills.

In the current environment for sure. The uncertainty around the future of cap. Paper does create some risk for green first.

In terms of residual, management, and logistics, that's it. We have been collectively managing this exposure and have also contingency plans in place.

Michel Lessard: However, this type of projects will require certainly some government support and will take time to implement. In the meantime, we will continue to work closely with all stakeholders and to develop alternative solution to ensure we can manage our bark byproducts effectively.

I would add on that that we're also encouraged by the work being done to secure the long-term potential convention conversion. Sorry of the site to a MDF Mill this would provide a more sustainable and and stable object for our byproducts Over time. However uh this type of projects will require, certainly some government support and will take time

To implement.

In the meantime, we will continue to work closely with all stakeholders and to develop solutions to ensure we can manage our backlog of projects effectively.

Joel Fournier: We do have another question, related to byproduct. Can you clarify the company's plan to address actual exposure related to byproducts? I will let Michel to answer that question.

Michel Lessard: Thanks, Joel. As you know, the pulp and paper sector remains under pressure with several mill closures in Ontario and Quebec over the past two years. We mentioned that also in the past earnings call with the closure of two major pulp and paper mills in Ontario, and we saw also recently some other closures in the Quebec side. That being said, also, our current exposure is limited as we have long-term agreement with RYAM and Kap Paper, which allow us to place or redirect the majority of our chips. At the same time, we're actively working to reduce our reliance on the pulp and paper sector by developing alternative uses and higher value for our byproducts.

We do have another question related to byproduct. Can you clarify the company's plan to address actual exposure related to byproducts? I will let me shall to answer that question.

That also in the past earnings calls uh, with the closure of uh, 2 major Pulpit for meals in aru and we saw. So, recently, some some other closures in in kec site, um, that being said, also, our current exposure is limited as we long to agreement with ryam and cap paper, which allow us to place or the majority of our chips.

Michel Lessard: If I go specifically for Chapleau, we are working with a company to evaluate the feasibility of building a facility to produce certified pellet for the energy sector. We have also secured funding to advance feasibility and pre-engineering work. We are also evaluating additional opportunities across our sites, including biofuels. Finally, I would say on that, we're progressing discussion with partners and potential customers with LOIs in place. While we cannot share more details at this stage, we expect to provide updates coming quarters.

At the same time, we're actively working to reduce our Reliance on the pulp pepper sector by developing alternative uses uh and higher value for our byproducts.

If I go specifically for Chapleau, we are working with a company to evaluate the feasibility of building a facility to produce torrified pellet for the DNA energy sector.

We have also secure funding to uh, Advanced facility and pre-engineering work.

And we are also evaluating at Chanel opportunities across our sites including bio fuels as finale. I would say on that that were progressing the discussion with partners and potential customers with Louis in place.

We cannot share more details at this stage. We expect to provide updates in the coming quarters.

Joel Fournier: We do have another question here. Do you anticipate the mass timber market becoming a viable market for GreenFirst? If so, when? What I have to say, we do sell lumber right now to people that produce mass timber trusses and other component that goes into housing and engineering product. However, our strategy in the short term is to reduce our cost. Our cost structure, our goal is to become top quartile, and we're gonna continue to focus to reduce our cost going forward from a strategic perspective. GreenFirst is kind of a unique situation if you look across Canada and North America because we do have access to wood. We can cut more wood. We can use this wood to reduce our costs and become a top quartile.

So we do have another question here. Do you anticipate the mass in B market? Becoming a viable market for green first? If so, when

So I have to say we do sell a lumber right now to people that produce uh Mass Timber trusses and and other component that goes into housing and Engineering product. However, our strategy in the short term is to reduce your cost your cost structure.

Your goal is to become top quartile.

Joel Fournier: Down the road, maybe this is something we're gonna look at, but right now we're gonna remain focused on your core strategy, which is reduce costs. Can you give us some insight? We have another question here, more financial related. Can you give us some insight into the inventory provision taken this quarter? What's driving the significant increase this quarter specifically? I will let Peter, our CFO, to answer that question.

And we're going to continue to focus, um, to reduce your cost. Going forward from a strategic perspective. Greenforce is kind of a unique situation. If you look across Canada in North America because we do have access to would, we can cut more wood. We can use this wood to reduce your cost and become a top cortile, down the road.

Maybe this is something we're going to look up, but right now we're going to remain focused on your core strategy, which is reduce costs.

Can you give us some insight? We, we got another question here, more financial related. Can you give us some insight into the inventory? Provision taken this quarter?

Peter Ferrante: I'm gonna start by first stating it's a non-cash expense. Let me start also by clarifying how we compute net realizable value, which translates into the inventory provision. It is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less estimated cost of completion and cost necessary to make the sale. As such, the increase in the inventory provision is primarily driven by lower benchmark lumber market prices that Joel showed to us earlier, combined with the duties and tariffs that have increased in Q4, with benchmark prices reaching its lowest levels in December. Additionally, higher production costs associated with ramp-up operations have contributed to the increase in the provision. In the coming quarters, as we see improvements from market recovery, the Chapleau ramp-up, and the efforts of our strategic downtime, collectively, this will help reverse the NRV adjustments recorded in the upcoming quarters.

What's driving the significant increase this quarter specifically, I will let Peter our CFO to answer that question.

I'm going to start by first meeting with a non-cash expense.

Let me start also by clarifying how we compute net realizable value, which translates into the inventory position.

Uh, it is. This is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less estimated cost of completion and costs necessary to make.

As such, the provision is currently driven by lower benchmark, by market lowest levels. In this world, additionally, how your production costs associated with a ramp up operation of contributors to the increase in the provision.

In the coming quarters, as we see Improvement Market recovery, the shampoo ramp up and the efforts of our should teach it down time. Collectively, this will help reverse the end of work. Find our the adjustments recorded in the upcoming quarters.

Joel Fournier: Okay. We don't have any more questions, so that concludes the call. Thank you very much for your participation. Thank you.

Operator: Thank you, sir. Ladies and gentlemen, this does indeed conclude your conference call for today. Once again, thank you for attending, and at this time, we do ask that you please disconnect your lines.

Okay, we don't have any more questions. So, uh, that concludes the call. Thank you very much for your participation. Thank you.

Thank you, sir.

For attending. And at this time, we do ask that you please disconnect your lines

Operator: Please wait. The conference will begin shortly.

Please wait.

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Q4 2025 Greenfirst Forest Products Inc Earnings Call

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