Q4 2025 Kingstone Companies Inc Earnings Call

March 6, 2026

Operator: Greetings, welcome to the Kingstone Companies' Q4 and full year 2025 Earnings Conference Call. As a reminder, this conference is being recorded. I would now like to turn the call over to your host, Karin Daly, Kingstone investor relations representative. Thank you. You may begin.

Speaker #2: I would now like to turn the call over to your host, Stephen Norburn, Kingstone Investor Relations Representative. Thank you. You may begin. Thank you, and good morning, everyone.

Karin Daly: Thank you, and good morning, everyone. Joining us on the call today will be President and Chief Executive Officer, Meryl Golden, Chief Financial Officer, Randy L. Patten. On behalf of the company, I would like to note this conference may contain forward-looking statements which involve known and unknown risks and uncertainties and other factors that may cause actual results to be materially different from projected results. Forward-looking statements speak only as of the date on which they are made. Kingstone undertakes no obligation to update the information discussed. For more information, please refer to the section entitled Risk Factors in Part 1, Item 1A of the company's latest Form 10-K. Additionally, today's remarks may include references to non-GAAP measures. For a reconciliation of these non-GAAP measures to GAAP figures, please see the tables in the latest earnings release available at the company's website at www.kingstonecompanies.com.

Speaker #2: Joining us on the call today will be President and Chief Executive Officer Meryl Golden, and Chief Financial Officer Randy Patten. On behalf of the company, I would like to note this conference may contain forward-looking statements, which involve known and unknown risks and uncertainties, and other factors that may cause actual results to be materially different from projected results.

Speaker #2: Forward-looking statements speak only as of the date on which they are made, and Kingstone undertakes no obligation to update the discussed. For more information, please refer to the section entitled 'Risk Factors' in Part 1, Item 1A of the company's latest Form. Today's remarks may include references to non-GAAP measures.

Karin Daly: Forward-looking statements speak only as of the date on which they are made. Kingstone undertakes no obligation to update the information discussed. For more information, please refer to the section entitled Risk Factors in Part 1, Item 1A of the company's latest Form 10-K. Additionally, today's remarks may include references to non-GAAP measures. For a reconciliation of these non-GAAP measures to GAAP figures, please see the tables in the latest earnings release available at the company's website at www.kingstonecompanies.com. With that, it's my pleasure to turn the call over to Meryl Golden. Meryl?

Speaker #2: For a reconciliation of these non-GAAP measures to GAAP figures, please see the tables in the latest earnings release available at the company's website at www.kingstonecompanies.com.

Speaker #2: With that, it's my pleasure to turn the call over to Meryl Golden. Meryl?

Karin Daly: With that, it's my pleasure to turn the call over to Meryl Golden. Meryl?

Speaker #3: Thanks, Stephen. Good morning, everyone, and thanks for joining our call. I am delighted to share the results of our most profitable quarter and year in Kingstone's history.

Meryl Golden: Thanks, Stefan. Good morning, everyone, and thanks for joining our call. I am delighted to share the results of our most profitable quarter and year in Kingstone's history. I want to thank the amazing Kingstone team and our Select producers for making it possible. Let me start with the headlines. In Q4, we delivered net income of $14.8 million, diluted earnings per share of $1.03, diluted operating earnings per share of $1.08, a GAAP net combined ratio of 64.2%, and an annualized return on equity of 51%. For the full year, net income more than doubled to $40.8 million. Diluted earnings per share increased 95% to $2.88, and our return on equity was 43%. These results exceeded the guidance we provided in November.

Speaker #3: I want to thank the amazing Kingstone team and our select producers for making it possible. Let me start with the headlines. In the fourth quarter, we

Meryl Golden: Let me start with the headlines. In Q4, we delivered net income of $14.8 million, diluted earnings per share of $1.03, diluted operating earnings per share of $1.08, a GAAP net combined ratio of 64.2%, and an annualized return on equity of 51%. For the full year, net income more than doubled to $40.8 million. Diluted earnings per share increased 95% to $2.88, and our return on equity was 43%. These results exceeded the guidance we provided in November.

Speaker #3: delivered net income of $14.8 million 10-K.

Speaker #3: Million, diluted earnings per share of $1.03, diluted operating earnings per share of $1.08, a GAAP net combined ratio of 64.2, and an annualized return on equity of 51%.

Speaker #3: For the full year, net income more than doubled to $40.8 million, diluted earnings per share increased 95% to $2.88, and our return on equity was 43%.

Speaker #3: These in November. I am particularly proud that from year-end 2025, we grew direct premiums written 39%, while improving our combined ratio by 30, weather-driven, and they validate the transformation we have executed.

Meryl Golden: I am particularly proud that from year-end 2023 to year-end 2025, we grew direct premiums written 39% while improving our combined ratio by 30 points. These results are structural, not simply weather-driven, and they validate the transformation we have executed. What sets Kingstone apart and what drove these results is clear. First, our Select product, now 57% of policies in force compared to 45% one year ago, continues to improve risk selection, properly matching rate to risk, and driving lower claims frequency. Second, our producer relationships generate strong retention and consistent new business flow. Third, our operating efficiency, with a net expense ratio that improved from 41% in 2021 to 30% in 2025, provides durable margin advantage.

Speaker #3: What sets Kingstone apart, and what drove these results, is clear. First, our Select product—now 57% of policies in force compared to 45% one year ago—properly matches rate to risk and is driving lower claims frequency.

Meryl Golden: First, our Select product, now 57% of policies in force compared to 45% one year ago, continues to improve risk selection, properly matching rate to risk, and driving lower claims frequency. Second, our producer relationships generate strong retention and consistent new business flow. Third, our operating efficiency, with a net expense ratio that improved from 41% in 2021 to 30% in 2025, provides durable margin advantage.

Speaker #3: Second, our producer relationships generate strong retention and consistent new business flow. Third, our operating efficiency, with structural—not simply a net expense—ratio that improved from 41% in 2021 to 30% in 2025, provides durable margin advantage.

Speaker #3: And last, our conservative financial position, with no debt and robust confidence. Turning to the quarter, direct premiums written grew 14% to $82.8 million, driven by higher average premiums and strong retention.

Meryl Golden: Last, our conservative financial position with no debt and robust reinsurance means we can grow with confidence. Turning to the quarter, direct premiums written grew 14% to $82.8 million, driven by higher average premiums and strong retention. For the full year, direct premiums written grew 15% to $277.8 million, and our New York personal lines policies in force grew over 7%. The hard market conditions in our Downstate New York footprint have not changed materially. Demand from our producers remains strong, supported by policies from the Guard Renewal Rights Agreement, which we began writing in September. New business policy count has increased sequentially from Q2, and in Q4 grew 25% over Q3. In this environment, what separates the winners from the rest is straightforward. Highly segmented products to better assess risk, low expenses, claims execution, and deep producer relationships.

Speaker #3: For the full year, direct premiums written grew 15% to $277.8 million. Reinsurance means we can grow with lines. Policies in force grew. Hard market conditions and our downstate New York footprint have not changed materially.

Speaker #3: Demand from our producers remains strong, supported by policies from the Guard Renewal Rights Agreement, which we began writing in September. New business policy count has increased sequentially from Q2, and in Q4 grew 25% over Q3.

Meryl Golden: Demand from our producers remains strong, supported by policies from the Guard Renewal Rights Agreement, which we began writing in September. New business policy count has increased sequentially from Q2, and in Q4 grew 25% over Q3. In this environment, what separates the winners from the rest is straightforward. Highly segmented products to better assess risk, low expenses, claims execution, and deep producer relationships.

Speaker #3: In this environment, what separates the winners from the rest is straightforward: highly segmented products to better assess risk, low expenses, claims execution, and deep producer relationships.

Speaker #3: We have built these advantages, and we will not chase volume at the expense of underwriting discipline. Net earned premium growth remains a powerful tailwind.

Meryl Golden: We have built these advantages, we will not chase volume at the expense of underwriting discipline. Net earned premium growth remains a powerful tailwind. Net premiums earned increased 38% in Q4 and 46% for the full year, primarily due to our reduced quota share, which allows us to retain a greater share of premium and underwriting profits. The decision to reduce our quota share reflects our confidence in the quality of our book and that our underwriting results warrant retaining more premium. As such, we have reduced our quota share even further for 2026, and net earned premium growth will continue to be a tailwind. On underwriting, our Q4 net combined ratio of 64.2 reflects exceptional performance across the board.

Speaker #3: Net premiums earned increased 38% in the fourth quarter and 46% for the full year, primarily due to our reduced quota share, which allows us to retain a greater share of premiums and underwriting profits.

Speaker #3: The decision to reduce—that our underwriting results warrant retaining more premium. As such, we have reduced our confidence in the quality of our book in 2026, and net earned premium growth will continue to be a tailwind.

Meryl Golden: The decision to reduce our quota share reflects our confidence in the quality of our book and that our underwriting results warrant retaining more premium. As such, we have reduced our quota share even further for 2026, and net earned premium growth will continue to be a tailwind. On underwriting, our Q4 net combined ratio of 64.2 reflects exceptional performance across the board.

Speaker #3: On underwriting, our fourth quarter net combined ratio of 64.2 reflects exceptional performance across the board. The underlying loss ratio was 34.7, an improvement of over 14 points from the prior year quarter, driven by meaningfully lower claim frequency.

Meryl Golden: The underlying loss ratio was 34.7, an improvement of over 14 points from the prior year quarter, driven by meaningfully lower claim frequency. The improvement in frequency, particularly for non-weather water, our largest peril, is a trend we have shared throughout the year, and we attribute it to the effectiveness of risk selection in our Select product. During the quarter, we also recognized the benefit from continued improvements in our claims operations, where faster cycle times and providing earlier visibility into ultimate property claims cost. For the full year, our underlying loss ratio improved nearly 4 points to 44.4%, and our catastrophe loss ratio was just 1.2 points. I want to be direct. While we benefited from very low catastrophe activity in 2025, our underlying performance improved materially.

Speaker #3: The improvement in frequency, particularly for non-weather water, our largest peril, is a trend we have shared throughout the year, and we attribute it to the effectiveness of risk selection in our Select product.

Speaker #3: During the quarter, we also recognized the benefit from continued improvements in our quota share, even further for faster cycle times and providing earlier visibility into ultimate property claims cost.

Meryl Golden: During the quarter, we also recognized the benefit from continued improvements in our claims operations, where faster cycle times and providing earlier visibility into ultimate property claims cost. For the full year, our underlying loss ratio improved nearly 4 points to 44.4%, and our catastrophe loss ratio was just 1.2 points. I want to be direct. While we benefited from very low catastrophe activity in 2025, our underlying performance improved materially.

Speaker #3: For the full year, our underlying loss ratio improved nearly 4 points to 44.4%, and our catastrophe loss ratio was just 1.2 points. I want to be direct.

Speaker #3: While we benefited from very low catastrophe activity in 2025, our underlying performance improved materially, even with a normalized catastrophe load. Our full-year combined ratio would have been in the low 80s.

Meryl Golden: Even with a normalized catastrophe load, our full year combined ratio would have been in the low 80s, reflecting the differentiated platform we have built. As we shared in Q2, we have set a 5-year goal of $500 million in Direct Premiums Written by year-end 2029, approximately doubling the size of the company through continued growth in New York, measured expansion into new markets, and strategic inorganic opportunities. I am pleased to share that our first new market will be California, which we will be entering in Q2 2026 on an Excess and Surplus Lines basis. California is one of the largest homeowners markets, with $15 billion in written premium, almost double the size of New York, and the largest E&S homeowners market in the country, where the supply-demand imbalance for homeowners coverage continues to grow.

Speaker #3: Reflecting the differentiated platform we have built. As we shared in the second quarter, we have set a five-year goal of $500 million in direct premiums written by year-end 2029, approximately doubling the size of the company through continued growth in New York, measured expansion into new markets, and strategic inorganic opportunities.

Speaker #3: I am pleased to share that our first new market will be California, which we will be entering in the second quarter of '26 on an excess and surplus lines basis.

Meryl Golden: I am pleased to share that our first new market will be California, which we will be entering in Q2 2026 on an Excess and Surplus Lines basis. California is one of the largest homeowners markets, with $15 billion in written premium, almost double the size of New York, and the largest E&S homeowners market in the country, where the supply-demand imbalance for homeowners coverage continues to grow.

Speaker #3: California is one of the largest homeowners' markets, with $15 billion in written premium, almost double the size of New York, and the largest ENS homeowners' market in the country, where the supply-demand imbalance for homeowners' coverage continues to grow.

Speaker #3: The ENS approach gives us the flexibility to price wildfire risk using forward-looking models to set prices to achieve our margin requirements, and to apply strict underwriting standards, including rigorous property-level risk selection and real-time accumulation management.

Meryl Golden: The E&S approach gives us the flexibility to price wildfire risk using forward-looking models, to set prices to achieve our margin requirements, and to apply strict underwriting standards, including rigorous property-level risk selection and real-time accumulation management. We will start small, consistent with our disciplined approach, and scale as we gain confidence in our pricing and product. The initial contribution from California will be modest, less than 5% of our 2026 premium, with the vast majority of our volume continuing to come from New York. The opportunity is enormous, and California will become a large contributor to our growth over time. Turning to our outlook for 2026, I want to explain important change in how we're reframing our outlook for this year because we think it will help investors better understand our business.

Speaker #3: We will start small, consistent with our disciplined approach, and scale as we gain confidence in our pricing and product. The initial contribution from California will be modest, less than 5% of our 2026 premium, with the vast majority of our volume enormous, and California will become a large contributor to our growth over time.

Meryl Golden: The opportunity is enormous, and California will become a large contributor to our growth over time. Turning to our outlook for 2026, I want to explain important change in how we're reframing our outlook for this year because we think it will help investors better understand our business.

Speaker #3: Turning to our outlook for '26, I want to explain an important change and how we're reframing, because we think it will help investors better understand our outlook for this year and the business.

Meryl Golden: Starting this year, we're introducing the underlying combined ratio, which excludes catastrophe losses and prior year reserve development as our primary operating lens. We define it as the underlying loss ratio plus the net expense ratio. This metric isolates the performance we control, including pricing, risk selection, claims management, and operating efficiency from the inherent volatility of catastrophe events. In 2025, our underlying combined ratio was 74.4, an improvement of 5.1 points from 79.5 in 2024. That improvement is structural. It reflects Select product penetration, earned rate adequacy, and operating leverage is independent of catastrophic weather events. At the same time, our record combined ratio of 75 benefited from an outlier low catastrophe loss ratio of just 1.2 points. To put that in context, the 6-year average cat loss ratio from 2019 through 2024 is 7.1 points.

Meryl Golden: It reflects Select product penetration, earned rate adequacy, and operating leverage is independent of catastrophic weather events. At the same time, our record combined ratio of 75 benefited from an outlier low catastrophe loss ratio of just 1.2 points. To put that in context, the 6-year average cat loss ratio from 2019 through 2024 is 7.1 points.

Meryl Golden: Both 2024 and 2025 were well below the average, including two consecutive mild winters. When you look at our 2026 guidance, I want to be very clear about the bridge. The headline year-over-year change in earnings per share and return on equity is driven almost entirely by our assumption of a higher than normal catastrophe load, not by any deterioration in our underlying business. In fact, our underlying combined ratio guidance of 74 to 76 is comparable to 2025. The headline story is straightforward. The controllable business is healthy and growing. The year-over-year change reflects cat normalization. Here is our updated guidance for fiscal year 2026. Direct premiums written growth of 16% to 20%. An underlying combined ratio excluding catastrophes and prior year reserve development of 74 to 76.

Meryl Golden: The headline story is straightforward. The controllable business is healthy and growing. The year-over-year change reflects cat normalization. Here is our updated guidance for fiscal year 2026. Direct premiums written growth of 16% to 20%. An underlying combined ratio excluding catastrophes and prior year reserve development of 74 to 76.

The headline story is straightforward. The controllable business is healthy and growing. The year-over-year change reflects CAT normalization.

Meryl Golden: A catastrophe loss assumption of 7 to 10 points, which is at or above the 6-year historical average and reflects the elevated winter storm activity we experienced in Q1 2026, and a net combined ratio of 81 to 86. Diluted earnings per share of $2.20 to $2.90 with a midpoint of $2.55 reflects an increase at the midpoint relative to our initial outlook and the benefit of a lower quota share cession for the 2026 treaty year. Our 16% to 20% direct premium growth target help keeps us on pace toward our 5-year goal of $500 million in direct premiums written by year end 2029. I want to give investors the tools to model different catastrophe scenarios on an illustrative basis, and this is not guided.

Here is our updated guidance for fiscal year 2026: direct premiums written growth of 16% to 20%, and underlying combined ratio, excluding catastrophes and prior-year reserve development, of 74 to 76. A catastrophe loss assumption of 7 to 10 points, which is at or above the six-year historical average and reflects the elevated winter storm activity we experienced in the first quarter of 2026, and a net combined ratio.

Of 81 to 86.

Diluted earnings per share of $2.20 to $2.90, with a midpoint of $2.55.

Meryl Golden: Our 16% to 20% direct premium growth target help keeps us on pace toward our 5-year goal of $500 million in direct premiums written by year end 2029. I want to give investors the tools to model different catastrophe scenarios on an illustrative basis, and this is not guided.

Reflects an increase at the midpoint relative to our initial outlook, and the benefit of a lower quota share cession for the 26th treaty year.

Our 16% to 20% direct premium growth target helps keep us on pace toward our five-year goal of $500 million in indirect premiums written by year-end 2029.

Meryl Golden: Each 1 point of catastrophe loss ratio has approximately a $0.13 impact on diluted earnings per share. If you want to see what our earnings power looks like at fiscal year 2025 cat levels of 1.2 points, the illustrative answer is approximately $3.53 per diluted share, which represents 23% growth year-over-year. That is the underlying trajectory of this business. I want to emphasize that weather is unpredictable and our 2026 guidance assumes a higher than average catastrophe year given the winter weather in Q1 2026. As a reminder, our catastrophe reinsurance program limits our maximum first event loss to $5 million pre-tax or approximately $0.27 per share after tax, whether from a hurricane or a winter storm. We will refine our outlook as the year unfolds.

I want to give investors the tools to model different catastrophe scenarios and an illustrative basis. And this is not guided—each 1 point of catastrophe loss ratio has approximately a $0.13 impact on diluted earnings per share.

Meryl Golden: That is the underlying trajectory of this business. I want to emphasize that weather is unpredictable and our 2026 guidance assumes a higher than average catastrophe year given the winter weather in Q1 2026. As a reminder, our catastrophe reinsurance program limits our maximum first event loss to $5 million pre-tax or approximately $0.27 per share after tax, whether from a hurricane or a winter storm. We will refine our outlook as the year unfolds.

Diluted share, which represents 23% growth year-over-year.

That is the underlying trajectory of this business.

I want to emphasize that weather is unpredictable, and our 2026 guidance assumes a higher-than-average catastrophe year given the winter weather in the first quarter of 2026. As a reminder, our catastrophe reinsurance program limits our maximum first event loss to $5 million pre-tax, or approximately $0.27 per share after tax, whether from a hurricane or a winter storm.

Meryl Golden: Before I hand it to Randy, I want to briefly address the regulatory proposals in New York regarding homeowner insurer profitability. We share the goal of affordability for consumers, and we are monitoring these proposals closely and engaging constructively through industry bodies. We believe any final legislation will need to account for the inherent volatility of catastrophe exposed property insurance and the importance of maintaining carrier capacity and availability for New York homeowners. We will continue to execute with discipline, advance our measured expansion roadmap, and allocate capital prudently to drive sustained profitable growth. I remain highly confident in Kingstone's strategic direction and fully committed to creating long-term shareholder value. With that, I'll turn the call over to Randy Patton, our Chief Financial Officer, for a more detailed review of our results. Randy?

We will refine our outlook as the year unfolds.

Before I hand it to Randy, I want to briefly address the regulatory proposals in New York regarding homeowner insurer profitability.

Meryl Golden: We will continue to execute with discipline, advance our measured expansion roadmap, and allocate capital prudently to drive sustained profitable growth. I remain highly confident in Kingstone's strategic direction and fully committed to creating long-term shareholder value. With that, I'll turn the call over to Randy Patton, our Chief Financial Officer, for a more detailed review of our results. Randy?

We share the goal of affordability for consumers, and we are monitoring these proposals closely and engaging constructively through industry bodies. We believe any final legislation will need to account for the inherent volatility of catastrophe-exposed property insurance, and the importance of maintaining carrier capacity and availability for New York homeowners.

Randy L. Patten: Thank you, Meryl. Good morning again, everyone. The Q4 was our most profitable quarter in the company's history and our ninth consecutive quarter of profitability. During the quarter, we reported net income of $14.8 million, diluted earnings per share of $1.03, a 64.2% combined ratio, and an annualized return on equity of 51%. For the full year, net income was $40.8 million, more than doubling the prior year and the most profitable in company history. Performance is driven by strong net earned premium growth as our reduced quota share in our second half of 2024 new business surge continued to earn in.

We will continue to execute with discipline, advance our measured expansion roadmap, and allocate capital prudently to drive sustained, profitable growth. I remain highly confident in Kingstone’s strategic direction and fully committed to creating long-term shareholder value. With that, I'll turn the call over to Randy Patten, our Chief Financial Officer, for a more detailed review of our results. Randy.

And our ninth consecutive quarter of profitability. During the quarter, we reported net income of $14.8 million, diluted earnings per share of $1.33, a 64.2% combined ratio, and an annualized return on equity of 51%.

For the full year, net income was $40.8 million, more than doubling the prior year and the most profitable in company history.

Randy L. Patten: This was combined with very low catastrophe losses, favorable frequency trends, and lower expenses aided by adjustment to the sliding scale ceding commissions due to both an improvement in the attritional loss ratio and low catastrophe losses. As a reminder, the quota share reduction from 27% to 16% for the 2025 treaty year reflected the improved quality of our book and increased our projected earnings per share by approximately $0.25 for 2025. For the 2026 treaty year, we have further reduced our quota share session from 16% to 5%, reflecting continued confidence in the quality of our underwriting portfolio and capital position to support our growth. This reduction is expected to increase projected earnings per share by approximately $0.20 for 2026 and is incorporated in our updated guidance ranges.

Performance is driven by strong net earned premium growth as our reduced quota share. And our second half of 2024, new business surge continues to earn in.

Randy L. Patten: As a reminder, the quota share reduction from 27% to 16% for the 2025 treaty year reflected the improved quality of our book and increased our projected earnings per share by approximately $0.25 for 2025. For the 2026 treaty year, we have further reduced our quota share session from 16% to 5%, reflecting continued confidence in the quality of our underwriting portfolio and capital position to support our growth. This reduction is expected to increase projected earnings per share by approximately $0.20 for 2026 and is incorporated in our updated guidance ranges.

This was combined with very low catastrophe losses, favorable frequency trends, and lower expenses, aided by adjustment to the sliding scale ceding commissions due to both an improvement in the net retention loss ratio and low catastrophe losses.

As a reminder, the quota share reduction from 27% to 16% for the 2025 treaty year reflected the improved quality of our book and increased our projected earnings per share by approximately $0.25 for 2025. For the 2026 treaty year, we have further reduced our quota share cession from 16% to 5%, reflecting continued confidence in the quality of our underwriting portfolio and our capital position to support our growth.

Randy L. Patten: Our net investment income for Q increased 55% to $3 million, up from $1.9 million last year. For the full year, we achieved a 44% increase, reaching $9.8 million. The momentum is due to robust cash generation from operations, which has enabled us to grow our investment portfolio to $309.7 million and benefit from higher fixed income yields. We also continue to reposition a portion of the portfolio to capitalize on attractive new money yields of 4.7% in Q4. While we remain conservative in our investment strategy, we are actively seeking opportunities to enhance our portfolio yield and duration.

This reduction is expected to increase our projected earnings per share by approximately $0.20 for 2026 and is incorporated in our updated guidance ranges.

Our net investment income for the quarter increased 55% to $3.0 million, up from $1.9 million last year.

For the full year, we achieved a 44% increase, reaching 9.8 million.

The momentum is due to robust cash generation from operations, which has enabled us to grow our investment portfolio to $309.7 million.

And benefit from higher fixed income use. We also continue to reposition a portion of the portfolio to capitalize on attractive new money yield to 4.7% in the fourth quarter.

Randy L. Patten: As of 31 December 2025, our fixed income yield is 4.3% with an effective duration of 4.4 years, up from 3.7% and 3.9 years at 31 December 2024, an increase of 60 basis points in a half year respectively. During the quarter, we recognized an additional $1 million in sliding scale contingent ceding commissions under our quota share treaty, with about half the adjustment coming from lower attritional losses and half from lower catastrophe losses, which contribute to the 1.9 percentage point decrease in the 27.9% expense ratio reported in Q4. For the full year of 2025, we reported an expense ratio of 30%, an improvement of 1.3 percentage points from the prior year.

While remaining conservative in our investment strategy, we are actively seeking opportunities to enhance our portfolio, yield, and duration.

Randy L. Patten: During the quarter, we recognized an additional $1 million in sliding scale contingent ceding commissions under our quota share treaty, with about half the adjustment coming from lower attritional losses and half from lower catastrophe losses, which contribute to the 1.9 percentage point decrease in the 27.9% expense ratio reported in Q4. For the full year of 2025, we reported an expense ratio of 30%, an improvement of 1.3 percentage points from the prior year.

As of December 31, 2025, our fixed income yield is 4.3%, with an effective duration of 4.4 years, up from 3.7% and 3.9 years as of December 31, 2024—an increase of 60 basis points and half a year, respectively.

During the quarter, we recognized an additional $1 million in sliding scale contingency and commissions under our quota share treaty. About half the adjustment came from lower attritional losses and half from lower catastrophe losses, which contributed to the 1.9 percentage point decrease in the 27.9% expense ratio reported in the fourth quarter.

Randy L. Patten: Reaching 30% for the expense ratio is an important milestone for the company. As a reminder, the company's expense ratio was 41% in 2021, and in four years we have successfully lowered the expense ratio by 11 points through several expense initiatives. I'd now like to provide some detail on the guidance framework Merrill introduced. For the full year of 2025, our underlying combined ratio was 74.4%, comprised of a 44.4% underlying loss ratio and a 30% expense ratio. This was a 5.1 point improvement from 79.5% in the prior year. For the full year of 2026, we are guiding to an underlying combined ratio of 74% to 76%, reflecting continued benefits from our Select product and operating leverage.

For the full year of 2025, we reported an expense ratio of 30%, an improvement of 1.3 percentage points from the prior year. Reaching 30% for the expense ratio is an important milestone for the company.

1% in 2021 and in Q4.

Randy L. Patten: For the full year of 2025, our underlying combined ratio was 74.4%, comprised of a 44.4% underlying loss ratio and a 30% expense ratio. This was a 5.1 point improvement from 79.5% in the prior year. For the full year of 2026, we are guiding to an underlying combined ratio of 74% to 76%, reflecting continued benefits from our Select product and operating leverage.

I now like to provide some detail on the guidance framework Maryland introduced.

For the full year of 2025, our underlying combined ratio was 74.4%, comprised of a 44.4% underlying loss ratio and a 30% expense ratio.

This was a 5.1-point improvement from 79.5% in the prior year.

Randy L. Patten: Our full year 2025 catastrophe loss ratio of 1.2 points was well below the 6-year historical average of 7.1 points for the 2019 through 2024 period. Our full year 2026 guidance includes 7 to 10 points of catastrophe losses, which is above our historical average, and incorporates the elevated winter storm activity experienced during Q1 2026. The difference between our full year 2025 reported combined ratio of 75% and our full year 2026 guided range of 81% to 86% is mostly attributable to the inclusion of above average catastrophe losses and minimal change to our underlying combined ratio. I will conclude my portion of the call today discussing our capital position. We have no debt to holding company.

For the full year of 2026, we are guiding to an underlying combined ratio of 74% to 76%, reflecting continued benefits from our select product and operating leverage.

Randy L. Patten: The difference between our full year 2025 reported combined ratio of 75% and our full year 2026 guided range of 81% to 86% is mostly attributable to the inclusion of above average catastrophe losses and minimal change to our underlying combined ratio. I will conclude my portion of the call today discussing our capital position. We have no debt to holding company.

Our full-year 2025 total test Me loss ratio of 1.2 points was well below the six-year historical average of 7.1 points for the 2019 through 2024 period. Our full-year 2026 guidance includes 7 to 10 points of catastrophe losses, which is below our historical average, and incorporates the elevated winter storm activity experienced during the first quarter of 2026.

The difference between our full-year 2025 reported combined ratio of 75% and our full-year 2026 guided range of 81% to 86% is mostly attributed to the inclusion of above-average catastrophe losses, and minimal change to our underlying combined ratio.

I will conclude my portion of the call today by discussing our capital position.

Randy L. Patten: Shareholder equity ended the year at $122.7 million, an increase of 84% during the year. Book value per diluted share increased 75% to $8.28, Book value excluding accumulated other comprehensive income increased 56% to $8.69. For 2025, return on equity is 43%, an increase of nearly 7 percentage points from the prior year. Given this foundation and our outlook, we declared our third consecutive quarterly dividend during Q1 2026 and have ample capital to fund the disciplined growth initiatives that Merrill outlined. With that, I will now turn the call back to Merrill for closing remarks.

We have no debt to holding company shareholder. Equity ended the year at 122.784% during the year.

Book value per diluted share increased 75% to $8.28, and book value, excluding accumulated other comprehensive income, increased 56% to $8.69. For 2025, return on equity is 43%, an increase of nearly 7 percentage points from the prior year. Given this foundation and our outlook, we declared our third consecutive quarterly dividend during the first quarter of 2026.

Outlined.

Meryl Golden: Thanks, Randy. I just want to underscore one thing. The results we're sharing today reflect the durable competitive advantages we have built in underwriting, in our producer relationships, and in our operating model. We are entering 26 with a strong foundation, a clear roadmap for profitable growth, and the financial flexibility to execute. We look forward to updating you as the year progresses. Operator, we're ready for questions.

With that, I will now turn the call back to Meryl for closing remarks.

Thanks, Randy. I just want to underscore one thing: the results we’re sharing today reflect the durable, competitive advantages we have built in underwriting, in our producer relationships, and in our operating model. We are entering ’26 with a strong foundation and a clear road map for profitable growth.

Operator: Thank you. The floor is now open for questions. If you would like to ask a question, please press star one on your telephone keypad at this time. A confirmation tone will indicate that your line is in the question queue. You may press star two if you would like to remove your question from the queue. For participants using speaker equipment, it may be necessary to pick up the handset before pressing the star keys. Again, that's star one to register a question at this time. Our first question today is coming from Bob Farnham of Breen Capital. Please go ahead.

Growth and the financial flexibility to execute. We look forward to updating you as the year progresses, operator. We're ready for questions.

Thank you. The floor is now open for questions. If you would like to ask a question, please press star 1 on your telephone keypad at this time. A confirmation tone will indicate that your line is in the question queue. You may press star 2 if you would like to remove your question from the queue. For participants using speaker equipment, it may be necessary to pick up the handset before pressing the star keys. Again, that's star 1 to register a question at this time.

Bob Farnham: Hey there, and good morning.

Our first question today is coming from Bob Farnum of Green Capital. Please go ahead.

Meryl Golden: Hi, Bob.

Bob Farnham: I have a couple questions. One, let's just talk about California first, because obviously California risks are not quite the same as, you know, downstate New York risks. I kind of want to know, and I think this is going to be your first foray into kind of the Excess and surplus lines basis of writing things. Just want to know, like, how do you see the differences in the risks? How do you expect performance-wise? I'm just trying to get a little bit more color as to how California may be different from New York.

Hey there, and good morning. I have a

I have a couple of questions. Let's just talk about California first because, obviously, California risks are not quite the same as—

You know, downstate, New York risks. So I I I kind of want to know and I think this is going to be your first foray into kind of getting the access and surplus lines. Bases are writing things. So just wanted to know. Like, how, how, how how do you see the differences in the risks? How, how do you expect? Performance-wise. I just trying to get a little bit more color as to how

California may be different from New York.

Meryl Golden: Sure. You know, we hired an actuarial consulting firm earlier this year to look at the landscape of all the catastrophe-exposed property markets for Kingstone to expand. California came out on top because it's a very large market, it's dislocated, and it's completely diversifying for Kingstone relative to New York. Our plan is to enter with the same differentiators as we have in New York. We're going to be using our Select product, and that same firm that helped us build the Select product is helping us modify it to be appropriate for the California market. We are entering as E&S, so we can have a highly segmented product and use best-in-class models for underwriting and rating of wildfire risk and for risk aggregation.

Sure. So, you know, we hired an actuarial consulting firm earlier this year to look at the landscape of all the catastrophe-exposed property markets for Kingstone to expand, and California came out on top because it's a very large market, it's dislocated, and it's completely diversifying for Kingstone.

Meryl Golden: We're going to be using our Select product, and that same firm that helped us build the Select product is helping us modify it to be appropriate for the California market. We are entering as E&S, so we can have a highly segmented product and use best-in-class models for underwriting and rating of wildfire risk and for risk aggregation.

Meryl Golden: We're fortunate that we have some underwriters and some claims employees that have experience in California, so that will be really helpful to us. Mostly, the point I want to make about our entry into California is that we will be disciplined. Our plan is to enter small, less than 5% of our premium for 2026, make sure we understand the market, and we're doing everything right before we expand.

And rating of wildfire risk and for risk aggregation. And we're fortunate that we have some underwriters and some claims employees that have experience in California, so that will be really helpful to us. But mostly, the point I want to make about our entry into California is that we will be disciplined. Our plan is to enter small.

Less than 5% of our premium for 2026. Make sure we understand the market and we're doing everything right before we expand.

Bob Farnham: If I read right in the presentation, you have a 30% quota share on the California business. Is that right?

And if I—if I wrote right in the presentation,

Meryl Golden: That's correct. Out of abundance of caution, we have a 30% quota share for California initially.

Bob Farnham: Okay. Are you looking to... You write all across California, or are you looking like Northern California, Southern California, just, or coastal California, you know, by, you know, where the wildfires could possibly be? I'm just kind of curious. You know, obviously in New York, you have a specific targeted area, so I didn't know if California would be similar.

You are you have a 30% quarter share in the on the California business? Is that? Is that right? That's correct. I don't have abundance of caution. We have a 30% quotas, share for California initially.

Okay. And are you—are you looking to, you write all across California? Are you looking like Northern California, Southern California, or just Coastal California?

Meryl Golden: Yes. In California, we're going to write all across the state. It's really important to manage our concentration in any area of California to manage the wildfire exposure, and we'll be doing that in real time. You know, we're focused on low to moderate wildfire risk.

You know, by—by, uh, you know, we're—where the wildfires could possibly be. I'm just kind of curious, you know. You obviously in New York, you have a specific targeted area, so I don't know if the California would be similar.

Yes. So, in California, we're going to write all across the state. It's really important to manage our concentration in any area of California, to manage the wildfire exposure, and we'll be doing that in real time. And, um,

Bob Farnham: Okay. Same kind of target size or value for homes as in New York?

You know, we're focused on low to moderate wildfire risk.

Okay, same same. Um,

Meryl Golden: Same as New York.

Kind of target, size, value for homes.

Bob Farnham: Okay.

Meryl Golden: Same as New York.

Bob Farnham: All right. Okay. Just change tack a little bit here. Your expense ratio, obviously, you've had a lot of progress getting it down to 30%. Do you see, like, where do you see a happy run rate as to where that expense ratio can get to? Are you pretty much where you should be, or do you think you can still squeak some improvement out of that?

As in, New York is New York.

Okay, name is New York.

Okay, uh, just to change tack a little bit here. So, your expense ratio—obviously, you've had a lot of progress getting it down to 30%. Do you see—like, where do you see a happy run rate as to where that expense ratio—you can get to where you are? Are you pretty much, uh, where you should be, or do you think you can still squeak some improvement out of that?

Meryl Golden: Randy, do you want to take that?

Uh, Randy, do you want to take that?

Randy L. Patten: Sure. Hey, Bob. Good morning.

Bob Farnham: Hey.

Randy L. Patten: Yeah, reaching a 30% expense ratio is a huge milestone for the company. As you know, if you look back to 2021, we were at 41%. I think with some economies of scale, you know, we can get that expense ratio down, you know, possibly another half to a full point. You know, it's kind of where we expect it to be, you know, kind of in that 29% to 30% range is where ultimately we're comfortable with that expense range.

Bob Farnham: Okay, great.

Meryl Golden: I just want to add, Bob, that most of the expense to enter California has already been incurred in terms of developing the product, programming the product. We'll likely need to add some staff, but a modest amount of staff as we continue to grow in California. I think we're going to get scale economies like the platform we've built is scalable.

Sure. Hey Bob, good morning. Um, yeah. So reaching a 30%, uh, expense ratio is a huge milestone for the company. As you know, we if you look back to 2021, we were at 41% um, I think with with some economies of scale, um, you know, we can get that expense ratio down, um, you know, possibly another half to a full point but um, you know, it's kind of where where we expect it to be, you know, kind of in that 29 to 30% range is where we're ultimately, we'll we're comfortable with that expense range.

Bob Farnham: Yeah. Right. I saw that in the presentation. You're talking about your ability to scale up is not going to have a whole lot of impact on the expenses at this point. That's great. Last question for you. I probably ask you every quarter, but obviously with such profitable business, has been a change in competition at this point in NY. I, you know, it's just something that baffles me that you don't have a whole bunch of other companies trying to get into the same market to try to capture the same profitability.

Okay, great. I just want to add, Bob, that most of the expense to enter California has already been incurred in terms of developing the product, programming the product, and we'll likely need to add some staff, but a modest amount of staff as we continue to grow in California. So I think we're going to get scale economies. The platform we've built is scalable.

Yeah, right. I saw that in the presentation you’re talking about—the, your, your ability to scale up is not going to have a whole lot of impact on the expenses at this point, so that’s great.

Meryl Golden: Yeah, I mean, we've been hearing lately about different companies planning to entering the state. Let's not forget that competition has come and gone in New York. Kingstone has been able to execute regardless of the competitive environment. We are in a really good place in downstate New York. We have our Select product that properly matches rate to risk, low expenses. We're providing great service to our producers and our policyholders. We have very deep and broad producer relations. I feel confident we can compete successfully with whoever is entering New York State.

Uh, last question for you—I probably ask you every quarter, but yeah, obviously with such a profitable business, has there been a change in competition at this point in New York? You know, it's just something that baffles me, that you don't have a whole bunch of other companies trying to get into the same market to try to capture the same profitability.

Yeah, I mean, we’ve been hearing lately about different companies planning to enter the state, but let’s not forget that competition has come and gone in New York, and Kingstone has been able to execute regardless of the competitive environment. We are in a really good place in downstate New York. We have our select products that properly match rate to risk, low expenses, we’re providing great service to our producers and our policyholders, and we have very deep and broad producer relations.

Bob Farnham: Okay, good. Good answer. Congrats on a great year. That's it for me.

So I feel confident we can compete successfully with whoever is entering New York State.

Good answer.

Meryl Golden: Thanks, Bob.

Congrats on a great year. That's it for me.

Thanks be.

Operator: Thank you. Again, that's star one to register a question. Our next question is coming from Gabriel McClure, a private investor. Please go ahead.

Thank you again. That's star 1 to register a question. Our next question is coming from Gabriel McClure, a private investor. Please go ahead.

Gabriel McClure: Good morning, congrats on an outstanding quarter.

Meryl Golden: Thanks, Gabe.

Uh, good morning, and congrats on an outstanding quarter.

Gabriel McClure: Yeah. I think Bob asked most of the questions that I had for you. Just want to circle back on the exposure limits on the policies in California. Can you remind us again what our exposure limits are on our New York policies?

Thanks Gabe.

Meryl Golden: Sure. We just in New York increased the available Coverage A or value of the home to $5 million. We had been operating with a max of three and a half million for all of last year, and we've just increased to $5 million. That would be our plan for California as well. We're going to start off with a cap that's a bit lower, and as we gain confidence in our product, we'll open up to $5 million as well.

On the policies in California, can you remind us again what our exposure limits are on our New York policies?

increased the

available coverage, a or value of the home to 5 million. So we had been operating with a Max of 3 and a half million for all of last year and we've just increased to 5 million and that would be our plan for California as well. We're going to start off with a cap that's a bit lower and as we gain confidence in our product, we'll open up to 5 million as well.

Gabriel McClure: Okay. Okay. Got it. I think in your prepared remarks, you made a little bit of reference to the winter storm that y'all had a couple of weeks ago. Did we have some noticeable claim activity from that storm? It looked pretty bad from out here in Arizona.

Okay, okay. Got it.

um,

Speaker #7: winter storm that

And then, I think in your prepared remarks, you made a little bit of reference to the, uh, winter storm that, uh, that y'all had a couple of weeks ago. Um,

Meryl Golden: Yeah, Gabe, it's obvious you're not in the Northeast because it has been a bad winter. We haven't just had one winter storm. There have actually been 7 catastrophe events that have been declared since 23 January. The one thing I want to say is our claims department has been working so hard. I'm so proud of the way they've managed this catastrophe event and the service that they've been able to provide to our policyholders. Our estimates for the winter storm losses has been included in our guidance for 2026. We've mentioned that we're planning for an at or above average catastrophe last year of 7 to 10 points, and that includes the catastrophe activity from Q1. Hopefully, the winter is over, and there won't be any more catastrophes declared.

Did—did we have some noticeable claim activity from that storm? It looked pretty bad from out here in Arizona.

It's obvious you're not in the Northeast, because it has been a bad winter. We haven't just had one winter storm there. There have actually been seven CAT events that have been declared since January 23rd. So, the one thing I want to say is our claims department has been working so hard. I'm so proud of the way they've managed this catastrophe event, and

Meryl Golden: Our estimates for the winter storm losses has been included in our guidance for 2026. We've mentioned that we're planning for an at or above average catastrophe last year of 7 to 10 points, and that includes the catastrophe activity from Q1. Hopefully, the winter is over, and there won't be any more catastrophes declared.

The service that they've been able to provide to our policyholders and our estimates for the winter storm losses has been included in our guidance for 2026. So we've mentioned that we're planning for an at or above average catastrophe loss year of 7 to 10 points, and that includes the, uh, catastrophe activity from Q1. Hopefully the winter's over and there won't be any more catastrophes to clear.

Gabriel McClure: Okay. Yeah, hope so. Got it. Just last thing. The California opportunity is super exciting and interesting. I know Bob answered really or asked most of my questions already, but is there anything interesting or anecdotal that you have about the California market that you might want to share?

Okay. Yeah, hope so. Got it. Uh,

Okay, and then, um, just last thing, um, the—the

The California opportunity is super exciting and interesting. Um, I know Bob answered really—or asked most of my questions already. But is there anything?

Interesting or anecdotal that you have about the California Market that that you might want to share.

Meryl Golden: You know, I think what is really important to understand is that the market is in need of capacity. Many people think that's because of wildfire. Certainly wildfire is a, you know, major risk for California. The primary issue in California is the regulatory environment, which precludes companies from charging adequate prices for the underlying exposure. As an E&S writer, we're not subject to that same regulation. It gives us a real advantage. That's why you're seeing in California the E&S market for homeowners is growing faster than any other place in the US. I, you know, I think it's a terrific opportunity to highlight the differentiators that Kingstone brings to the market, particularly relative to pricing sophistication and producer relationships. I'm really excited to start writing business there in Q2.

Um, you know, I, I think what is really important to understand is that the market is in need of capacity, and many people think that, because of wildfire,

Charging adequate prices for the underlying exposure.

Meryl Golden: That's why you're seeing in California the E&S market for homeowners is growing faster than any other place in the US. I, you know, I think it's a terrific opportunity to highlight the differentiators that Kingstone brings to the market, particularly relative to pricing sophistication and producer relationships. I'm really excited to start writing business there in Q2.

So as an ENS writer, we're not subject to that same regulation. So it gives us a real advantage, and that's why you're seeing in California the ENS market for homeowners is growing faster than any other place in the United States. So it's—I think it's a terrific opportunity to highlight the differentiators that Kingstone brings to the market, particularly relative to pricing sophistication and producer relationships. And I'm really excited to start writing business there in Q2.

Gabriel McClure: It sounds really good. That's all for me. Thanks, Meryl.

Meryl Golden: Thanks, Gabe.

Operator: Once again, that's star one if you would like to register a question at this time. We'll pause for any additional questions. We're showing no additional questions in queue at this time. I'd like to turn the floor back over to Ms. Golden for closing comments.

Sounds really good. That's all for me. Thanks, Meryl. Thanks, Gabe.

Once again, that's star 1. If you would like to register a question at this time, we'll pause for any additional questions.

Meryl Golden: Great. Thank you, everyone, for joining us today. It's a really exciting time for Kingstone. We appreciate your support. Have a wonderful day.

We're showing no additional questions in queue at this time. I'd like to turn the floor back over to Miss Golden for closing comments.

Operator: Ladies and gentlemen, this concludes today's event. You may disconnect your lines or log off the webcast at this time. Enjoy the rest of your day.

Great, thank you, everyone, for joining us today. It's a really exciting time for Kingstone, and we appreciate your support. Have a wonderful day.

Q4 2025 Kingstone Companies Inc Earnings Call

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