Q1 2026 Koppers Holdings Inc Earnings Call

May 8, 2026

Operator 2: Good morning, ladies and gentlemen. Thank you for standing by. Welcome to Koppers Q1 2026 earnings conference call and webcast. At this time, all participants are in a listen-only mode. If you need assistance, please alert a conference specialist by pressing star followed by zero. Following the presentation, instructions will be given for the question-and-answer session. Please note that this event is being recorded. I will now turn the call over to Quynh McGuire. Please go ahead.

Operator: Good morning, ladies and gentlemen. Thank you for standing by. Welcome to Koppers Q1 2026 earnings conference call and webcast. At this time, all participants are in a listen-only mode. If you need assistance, please alert a conference specialist by pressing star followed by zero. Following the presentation, instructions will be given for the question-and-answer session. Please note that this event is being recorded. I will now turn the call over to Quynh McGuire. Please go ahead.

Speaker #2: please alert a conference specialist by pressing star, followed by zero. Following the presentation, instructions will be given for the question and answer session. Please note that this event is being recorded.

Speaker #2: I will now turn the call over to Quinn McGuire. Please go ahead. Thanks, and good morning. I'm Quinn McGuire, Vice President of Investor Relations.

Quynh McGuire: Thanks. Good morning. I'm Quynh McGuire, Vice President of Investor Relations. Welcome to our Q1 2026 Earnings Conference Call. We issued our press release earlier today. You can access it via our website at www.koppers.com. As indicated in our announcement, we've also posted materials to the investor relations page of our website that will be referenced in today's call. Consistent with our practice in prior quarterly conference calls, this is being broadcast live on our website, and a recording of this call will be available on our website for replay through 8 June 2026. At this time, I would like to direct your attention to our forward-looking disclosure statement seen on slide 2. Certain comments made on this conference call may be characterized as forward-looking statements as defined under the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995.

Quynh McGuire: Thanks. Good morning. I'm Quynh McGuire, Vice President of Investor Relations. Welcome to our Q1 2026 Earnings Conference Call. We issued our press release earlier today. You can access it via our website at www.koppers.com. As indicated in our announcement, we've also posted materials to the investor relations page of our website that will be referenced in today's call. Consistent with our practice in prior quarterly conference calls, this is being broadcast live on our website, and a recording of this call will be available on our website for replay through 8 June 2026. At this time, I would like to direct your attention to our forward-looking disclosure statement seen on slide two. Certain comments made on this conference call may be characterized as forward-looking statements as defined under the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995.

Speaker #2: Welcome to our first quarter 2026 earnings conference call. We issued our press release earlier today. You can access it via our website at www.koppers.com.

Speaker #2: As indicated in our announcement, we've also posted materials to the Investor Relations page of our website that will be referenced in today's call. Consistent with our practice and prior quarterly conference calls, this is being broadcast live on our website and a recording of this call will be available on our website for replay through June 8, 2026.

Speaker #2: At this time, I would like to direct your attention to our forward-looking disclosure statement seen on slide two. Certain comments made on this conference call may be characterized as forward-looking statements as defined under the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995.

Speaker #2: These forward-looking statements involve a number of assumptions, risks, and uncertainties including risks described in the cautionary statement included in our press release and in the company's filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

Quynh McGuire: These forward-looking statements involve a number of assumptions, risks, and uncertainties, including risks described in the cautionary statement included in our press release and in the company's filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission. In light of the significant uncertainties inherent in the forward-looking statements included in the company's comments, you should not regard the inclusion of such information as a representation that its objectives, plans, and projected results will be achieved. The company's actual results, performance, or achievements may differ materially from those expressed in or implied by such forward-looking statements. The company assumes no obligation to update any forward-looking statements made during this call. References may be made today to certain non-GAAP financial measures. The press release, which is available on our website, also contains reconciliations of non-GAAP financial measures to the most directly comparable GAAP financial measures.

Speaker #2: In light of the significant uncertainties inherent in the forward-looking statements, included in the company's comments, you should not regard the inclusion of such information as a representation that is objective, plans, and projected results will be achieved.

Speaker #2: The company’s actual results, performance, or achievements may differ materially from those expressed in or implied by such forward-looking statements. The company assumes no obligation to update any forward-looking statements made during this call.

Speaker #2: Also, references may be made today to certain non-GAAP financial measures. The press release, which is available on our website, also contains reconciliations of non-GAAP financial measures to the most directly comparable GAAP financial measures.

Speaker #2: Joining me for our call today are Leroy Ball, Chief Executive Officer and Chair of Koppers, and Brad Pierce, Interim Chief Financial Officer and Chief Accounting Officer.

Quynh McGuire: Joining me for our call today are Leroy Ball, Chief Executive Officer and Chair of Koppers, and Brad Pearce, Interim Chief Financial Officer and Chief Accounting Officer. At this time, I'll turn the discussion over to Leroy.

Speaker #2: At this time, I'll turn the discussion over to Leroy.

Speaker #3: Thank you, Quinn. Good morning, everyone. I'm pleased to join you today to provide more insight on Koppers' performance in the first quarter of 2026, as well as provide an update on how we're progressing towards our 2028 transformation targets.

Leroy Ball: Thank you, Quynh. Good morning, everyone. I'm pleased to join you today to provide more insight on Koppers' performance in Q1 2026, as well as provide an update on how we're progressing towards our 2028 transformation targets. Let me start with our major news from this morning. At the present moment, I'm in Chicago, where just a few hours ago, I delivered the unfortunate news to our workforce here of our conditional decision to begin immediately winding down production at our Stickney, Illinois facility, with a target to cease distillation by the end of this year. Note that I'm using the word conditional because the decision is subject to the satisfaction of any bargaining obligations that might exist with the union representing certain employees at the facility.

Speaker #3: So let me start with our major news from this morning. At the present moment, I'm in Chicago. We're just a few hours ago, I delivered the unfortunate news to our workforce here of our conditional decision to begin immediately winding down production at our Stickney, Illinois facility.

Speaker #3: With a target to seize distillation by the end of this year. And note that I'm using the word conditional because the decision is subject to the satisfaction of any bargaining obligations that might exist with the union representing certain employees at the facility.

Speaker #3: Now, as outlined on page four, this conditional decision impacting approximately 85 employees was driven by the continued challenging market conditions that have persisted for well over a decade.

Leroy Ball: Now, as outlined on page 4, this conditional decision impacting approximately 85 employees was driven by the continued challenging market conditions that have persisted for well over a decade. When we made the decisions to close our other two US facilities for CM&C in 2016, approximately 565,000 metric tons of coal tar were being produced and readily available in North America. After the most recent coke plant closure we announced earlier this year of Algoma Steel, that number has now dropped to 350,000 metric tons, simultaneously putting pressure on raw material pricing and reducing our throughput. This has resulted in higher unit costs, which have not been able to be fully recovered in the form of higher pricing.

Speaker #3: When we made the decisions to close our other two US facilities for CMC in 2016, approximately 565,000 metric tons of coal tar were being produced and readily available in North America.

Speaker #3: After the most recent coat plant closure we announced earlier this year at Algoma Steel, that number has now dropped to 350,000 metric tons, simultaneously putting pressure on raw material pricing and reducing our throughput.

Speaker #3: This has resulted in higher unit costs, which have not been able to be fully recovered in the form of higher pricing. And adding to the mix is that despite having spent over $100 billion in capital at Stickney over the past five years, which is a multiple of the spending at any other Koppers site, we still find ourselves dealing with reliability issues, which means we would still have significant future capital requirements to address aging equipment.

Leroy Ball: Adding to the mix is that despite having spent over $100 million in capital at Stickney over the past 5 years, which is a multiple of the spending at any other Koppers site, we still find ourselves dealing with reliability issues, which means we would still have significant future capital requirements to address aging equipment. This is not a people issue, as the team at Stickney has done heroic work over the past 10 years to try and get us to a better place, and I sincerely thank them for their efforts. The bottom line remains that we feel we've done everything we can to make this operation viable, and we just don't see a credible path to get there. At this time, we're tentatively targeting Q4 2026 for shifting production to our coal tar distillation facility in Nyborg, Denmark.

Speaker #3: This is not a people issue as the team at Stickney has done heroic work over the past 10 years to try and get us to a better place, and I sincerely thank them for their efforts.

Speaker #3: But the bottom line remains that we feel we've done everything we can to make this operation viable, and we just don't see a credible path to get there.

Speaker #3: At this time, we're tentatively targeting fourth quarter of 2026 for shifting production to our coal tar distillation facility in Newburgh, Denmark. In the meantime, we've further strengthened the supply chain from Newburgh to the US through expanded shipping and terminal capabilities in order to ensure an effective transition for existing pitch and creosote customers.

Leroy Ball: In the meantime, we've further strengthened the supply chain from Nyborg to the US through expanded shipping and terminal capabilities in order to ensure an effective transition for existing pitch and creosote customers. We anticipate investing between $10 to 15 million to further strengthen that supply chain over the next few years, which can be done while staying within our annual $55 million maintenance CapEx as capital is freed up from Stickney. Now, the discontinuation of production activities at Stickney is anticipated to result in pre-tax charges to earnings of $227 to 262 million through the end of 2029, which includes $170 to 195 million of non-cash charges projected to be recorded in the Q2 and Q3 of this year.

Speaker #3: We anticipate investing between 10 to 15 million dollars to further strengthen that supply chain over the next few years which can be done while staying within our annual 55 million maintenance capex as capital is freed up from Stickney.

Speaker #3: Now, the discontinuation of production activities at Stickney is anticipated to result in pre-tax charges to earnings of $227 million to $262 million through the end of 2029, which includes $170 million to $195 million of non-cash charges projected to be recorded in the second and third quarters of this year.

Speaker #3: Cash closure charges of $57 million to $67 million will be spent over a three-year period beginning in the second quarter of 2026. These charges will be funded by the operating and capital cash benefits generated by this action, which are expected to total $15 million to $25 million on an annualized basis and therefore will have little impact on our near-term free cash flow projections, except for timing.

Leroy Ball: Cash closure charges of $57 to 67 million will be spent over a 3-year period beginning in Q2 2026. These charges will be funded by the operating and capital cash benefits generated by this action, which are expected to total $15 to 25 million on an annualized basis, and therefore will have little impact on our near-term free cash flow projections, except for timing. At the same time, the longer-term result of this move will be significantly accretive to free cash flow. We're estimating that the adjusted EBITDA savings related to this action will reach an annual run rate of $15 to $20 million in 2027 and beyond, which would result in a 75 to 100 basis point bump in adjusted EBITDA margin.

Speaker #3: At the same time, the longer-term result of this move will be significantly accretive to free cash flow. We're estimating that the adjusted EBITDA savings related to this action will reach an annual run rate of $15 to $20 million in 2027 and beyond.

Speaker #3: Which would result in a $75 to $100 basis point bump in adjusted EBITDA margin. And translating the adjusted EBITDA benefit to adjusted EPS would result in an increase of $1 to $1.20 per share.

Leroy Ball: Translating the adjusted EBITDA benefit to adjusted EPS would result in an increase of $1 to $1.20 per share. We also anticipate $8 million to $15 million in reduced future annual capital expenditures. I again want to thank our Stickney employees for their continued hard work and determination while operating under persistently tough circumstances. I understand that this situation is incredibly difficult and will have a real impact on our employees and their families, which we will make every effort to minimize. Our priority is to provide the support and assistance needed to help the employees navigate any transition as we map out the future of our CMC business. Now let's move on to page 5, which outlines our results for Q1, including adjusted EBITDA of $49.3 million, which is a 10.8% adjusted EBITDA margin.

Speaker #3: We also anticipate $8 to $15 million in reduced future annual capital expenditures. I again want to thank our Stickney employees for their continued hard work and determination while operating under persistently tough circumstances.

Speaker #3: I understand that this situation is incredibly difficult and will have a real impact on our employees and their families which we will make every effort to minimize.

Speaker #3: Our priority is to provide the support and assistance needed to help the employees navigate any transition as we map out the future of our CMC business.

Speaker #3: So now let's move on to page five which outlines our results for the first quarter including adjusted EBITDA of $49.3 million which is a 10.8% adjusted EBITDA margin.

Speaker #3: We had operating profit of $22 million and 57 cents in adjusted earnings per share. We generated operating cash flow of $46.3 million and free cash flow of $34.9 million both cash flow metrics representing a first quarter record.

Leroy Ball: We had operating profit of $22 million and $0.57 in adjusted EPS. We generated operating cash flow of $46.3 million and free cash flow of $34.9 million, both cash flow metrics representing a Q1 record. On a trailing 12-month basis, operating cash flow of $192 million and free cash flow of $139 million also represent new highs. CapEx net of insurance proceeds and sale of assets for the quarter were $11.4 million, and we also deployed $29 million in share repurchases and $1.9 million in dividends while keeping total debt consistent with December 2025. Now let's move on to our Zero Harm accomplishments as seen on page 6. Thanks to the commitment of our worldwide team, 30 of our 40 sites were accident-free in Q1.

Speaker #3: On a trailing 12-month basis, operating cash flow of $192 million and free cash flow of $139 million also represent new highs. Capital expenditures net of insurance proceeds and sale of assets for the quarter were $11.4 million and we also deployed $29 million in share repurchases and $1.9 million in dividends while keeping total debt consistent with December 2025.

Speaker #3: So now let's move on to our zero harm accomplishments as seen on page six. Thanks to the commitment of our worldwide team, 30 of our 40 sites were accident-free in the first quarter.

Speaker #3: Our European CMC and PC businesses as well as our Australasian PC and CMC businesses had zero recordables in the first quarter. Leading activities, a key contributor to our serious safety incidents, took a step back compared with prior year quarter.

Leroy Ball: Our European CMC and PC businesses, as well as our Australasian PC and CMC businesses, had zero recordables in Q1. Leading activities, a key contributor to our serious safety incidents, took a step back compared with prior year quarter. However, our recordable injury rate improved from prior year. The objective of Zero Harm is to constantly focus on what is most important, the health and safety of our team members, and we will never lose sight of our goal of zero by reinforcing the foundational elements of the safety culture, deploying additional tools and training, and driving environmental improvements in 2026 and beyond. Turning to page 8, we issued our 2025 annual report and 2026 proxy statement, which are available, excuse me, on the Koppers website. Now for more information, please use the QR codes to access these materials.

Speaker #3: However, our recordable injury rate improved from prior year. The objective of zero harm is to constantly focus on what is most important: the health and safety of our team members and we will never lose sight of our goal of zero by reinforcing the foundational elements of the safety culture deploying additional tools and training and driving environmental improvements in 2026 and beyond.

Speaker #3: So, turning to page eight, we issued our 2025 annual report and 2026 proxy statement, which are available—excuse me—on the Koppers website. Now, for more information, please use the QR codes to access these materials.

Speaker #3: As shown on page nine, Koppers gained additional recognition by being named a Newsweek magazine's 300-member listing of America's most charitable companies for 2026. This honor reflects our employees' ongoing commitment to volunteerism and our corporate support of community initiatives and causes.

Leroy Ball: As shown on page 9, Koppers gained additional recognition by being named in Newsweek Magazine's 300-member listing of America's Most Charitable Companies for 2026. This honor reflects our employees' ongoing commitment to volunteerism and our corporate support of community initiatives and causes. It joins previous recognition of Koppers as one of Newsweek's America's Most Responsible Companies, USA Today's America's Climate Leaders list, and Forbes' America's Best Midsize Employers. On 30 March, our leadership team joined me to ring the closing bell on the New York Stock Exchange, celebrating 20 years of Koppers as a publicly traded company, as seen on page 10. In addition, I participated in an interview on the financial news program, Taking Stock, to share the story of our continuing path to sustainable profitability for our customers.

Speaker #3: It joins previous recognition of Koppers as one of Newsweek America's most responsible companies: USA Today is America's climate leaders list and Times America's best mid-sized companies.

Speaker #3: Now, on March 30th, our leadership team joined me to ring the closing bell on the New York Stock Exchange, celebrating 20 years of Koppers as a publicly traded company.

Speaker #3: As seen on page 10. In addition, I participated in an interview on the financial news program Taking Stock to share the story of our continuing path to sustainable profitability for our customers.

Speaker #3: Now moving on to page 11, Koppers will be hosting an investor day on Thursday, September 17th in Atlanta. On September 16th, the prior day, we will be conducting a tour of our research and development lab by our performance chemicals business.

Leroy Ball: Now moving on to page 11, Koppers will be hosting an Investor Day on Thursday, 17 September in Atlanta. On 16 September, the prior day, we will be conducting a tour of our research and development lab at our Performance Chemicals business. On Wednesday evening, the Koppers executive team will also host a meet and greet reception. Look for more details in the months to come. In the meantime, please mark your calendars, plan to join us for our Investor Day and related activities. Now I'll return in a bit to provide my view on how we're seeing the current year within each business while also reviewing our outlook for the remainder of 2026. For now, I'm gonna turn it over to Brad to speak in more detail on our Q1 financial performance. Brad?

Speaker #3: On Wednesday evening, the Koppers executive team will also host a meet-and-greet reception. So, look for more details in the months to come. In the meantime, please mark your calendars and plan to join us for our investor day and related activities.

Speaker #3: Now I'll return in a bit to provide my view on how we're seeing the current year within each business while also reviewing our outlook for the remainder of 2026.

Speaker #3: But for now, I'm going to turn it over to Brad to speak in more detail on our first quarter financial performance. Brad?

Speaker #4: Thanks, Leroy. Earlier today, we issued a press release detailing our first quarter 2026 results. My remarks today are based on that information. As seen on slide 13, we reported consolidated first quarter sales of $455 million essentially flat compared with prior year sales.

Bradley Pearce: Thanks, Leroy. Earlier today, we issued a press release detailing our first quarter 2026 results. My remarks today are based on that information. As seen on slide 13, we reported consolidated first quarter sales of $455 million, essentially flat compared with prior year sales. Relative to the prior year quarter, RUPS sales decreased by $15 million or 6%. PC sales were up $21 million or 18%, and CM&C sales decreased by $7 million or 7%. On slide 14, adjusted EBITDA for the first quarter was $49 million, representing a 10.8% EBITDA margin on sales, compared with $56 million and 12.2% in the prior year quarter. By segment, RUPS generated adjusted EBITDA of $23 million or 10.3% EBITDA margin.

Brad Pearce: Thanks, Leroy. Earlier today, we issued a press release detailing our first quarter 2026 results. My remarks today are based on that information. As seen on slide 13, we reported consolidated first quarter sales of $455 million, essentially flat compared with prior year sales. Relative to the prior year quarter, RUPS sales decreased by $15 million or 6%. PC sales were up $21 million or 18%, and CM&C sales decreased by $7 million or 7%. On slide 14, adjusted EBITDA for the first quarter was $49 million, representing a 10.8% EBITDA margin on sales, compared with $56 million and 12.2% in the prior year quarter. By segment, RUPS generated adjusted EBITDA of $23 million or 10.3% EBITDA margin.

Speaker #4: Relative to the prior year quarter, Rough sales decreased by $15 million, or 6%. PC sales were up $21 million, or 18%, and CMC sales decreased by $7 million, or 7%.

Speaker #4: On slide 14, adjusted EBITDA for the first quarter was $49 million. Representing a 10.8% EBITDA margin on sales. Compared with 56 million and 12.2% in the prior year quarter.

Speaker #4: By segment, Roughs generated adjusted EBITDA of $23 million, or a 10.3% EBITDA margin. PC generated adjusted EBITDA of $26 million, or an 18% EBITDA margin. And CMC reported adjusted EBITDA of $1 million, or a 1% EBITDA margin.

Bradley Pearce: PC generated adjusted EBITDA of $26 million or 18% EBITDA margin, and CM&C reported adjusted EBITDA of $1 million or 1% EBITDA margin. Turning to the RUPS business, slide 15 shows Q1 sales of $220 million compared with $235 million in the prior year quarter. Of the $15 million change in sales, approximately $10 million of the decrease came from the railroad structures business that we sold in 2025. The remaining decrease in sales can be attributed to customer mix and price decreases in our Class I cross tie business, and lower activity in the maintenance-of-way businesses.

Brad Pearce: PC generated adjusted EBITDA of $26 million or 18% EBITDA margin, and CM&C reported adjusted EBITDA of $1 million or 1% EBITDA margin. Turning to the RUPS business, slide 15 shows Q1 sales of $220 million compared with $235 million in the prior year quarter. Of the $15 million change in sales, approximately $10 million of the decrease came from the railroad structures business that we sold in 2025. The remaining decrease in sales can be attributed to customer mix and price decreases in our Class I cross tie business, and lower activity in the maintenance-of-way businesses.

Speaker #4: Turning to the Roughs business, slide 15 shows first quarter sales of $220 million compared with $235 million in the prior year quarter. Of the $15 million change in sales, approximately $10 million of the decrease came from the Railroad Structures business that we sold in 2025.

Speaker #4: The remaining decrease in sales can be attributed to customer mix and price decreases in our class one cross-tie business. And lower activity in the maintenance of way businesses.

Speaker #4: These factors were partly offset by volume increases in our domestic utility pole business, higher commercial crosstie volumes, and $1.4 million in favorable foreign currency changes compared with the prior year period.

Bradley Pearce: These factors were partly offset by volume increases in our domestic utility pole business, higher commercial cross tie volumes, and $1.4 million in favorable foreign currency changes compared with the prior year period, mostly attributed to our Australian utility pole business. RUPS delivered adjusted EBITDA of $23 million, compared with $26 million in the prior year, due to lower sales and lower sales volumes. Turning to slide 16, our Performance Chemicals business reported Q1 sales of $142 million, up from $121 million in the prior year quarter. This increase was primarily due to a 15% volume increase, higher sales activity primarily in the Americas, and $2.7 million in favorable foreign currency changes from international companies. Adjusted EBITDA for PC increased to $26 million versus $20 million in the prior year quarter.

Brad Pearce: These factors were partly offset by volume increases in our domestic utility pole business, higher commercial cross tie volumes, and $1.4 million in favorable foreign currency changes compared with the prior year period, mostly attributed to our Australian utility pole business. RUPS delivered adjusted EBITDA of $23 million, compared with $26 million in the prior year, due to lower sales and lower sales volumes. Turning to slide 16, our Performance Chemicals business reported Q1 sales of $142 million, up from $121 million in the prior year quarter. This increase was primarily due to a 15% volume increase, higher sales activity primarily in the Americas, and $2.7 million in favorable foreign currency changes from international companies. Adjusted EBITDA for PC increased to $26 million versus $20 million in the prior year quarter.

Speaker #4: Mostly attributed to our Australian utility pole business. RUPS delivered adjusted EBITDA of $23 million compared with $26 million in the prior year, due to lower sales and lower sales volumes.

Speaker #4: Turning to slide 16, our performance chemicals business reported first quarter sales of $142 million up from $121 million in the prior year quarter. This increase was primarily due to a $15% volume increase higher sales activity primarily in the Americas and $2.7 million in favorable foreign currency changes from international companies.

Speaker #4: Adjusted EBITDA for PC increased to $26 million versus $20 million in the prior year quarter. Profitability benefited from higher sales volumes and higher prices partly offset by $2.4 million of higher raw material and operating costs.

Bradley Pearce: Profitability benefited from higher sales volumes and higher prices, partly offset by $2.4 million of higher raw material and operating costs. Slide 17 shows that sales in Q1 for our CM&C business were $93 million, compared to $101 million in the prior year quarter. This decrease was primarily driven by $14 million of lower volumes related to our phthalic anhydride business, which was discontinued in Q2 of 2025, and lower sales prices across most products, especially carbon pitch, which was down 9% globally. These were partly offset by volume increases in carbon pitch, naphthalene, and carbon black feedstock, as well as $7.6 million in favorable foreign currency changes from international companies.

Brad Pearce: Profitability benefited from higher sales volumes and higher prices, partly offset by $2.4 million of higher raw material and operating costs. Slide 17 shows that sales in Q1 for our CM&C business were $93 million, compared to $101 million in the prior year quarter. This decrease was primarily driven by $14 million of lower volumes related to our phthalic anhydride business, which was discontinued in Q2 of 2025, and lower sales prices across most products, especially carbon pitch, which was down 9% globally. These were partly offset by volume increases in carbon pitch, naphthalene, and carbon black feedstock, as well as $7.6 million in favorable foreign currency changes from international companies.

Speaker #4: Slide 17 shows that sales in the first quarter for our CMC business were $93 million compared to $101 million in the prior year quarter.

Speaker #4: This decrease was primarily driven by $14 million of lower volumes related to our phthalic anhydride business, which was discontinued in the second quarter of 2025 and lower sales prices across most products.

Speaker #4: Especially carbon pitch, which was down 9% globally. These were partly offset by volume increases in carbon pitch, naphthalene, and carbon black feedstock as well as $7.6 million in favorable foreign currency changes from international companies.

Speaker #4: Adjusted EBITDA for CMC in the first quarter was $1 million compared with $10 million in the prior year quarter. Due to lower sales prices and higher operating and raw material costs.

Bradley Pearce: Adjusted EBITDA for CM&C in Q1 was $1 million, compared with $10 million in the prior year quarter, due to lower sales prices and higher operating and raw material costs, partly offset by operating cost savings associated with discontinuing the phthalic anhydride business. Compared with Q1 2025, the average pricing of major products was lower by 11%, while average coal tar costs were slightly higher. Shown on slide 19, we continue to pursue a balanced approach to capital allocation. In terms of investments to position the company for the future, $11.4 million was spent in Q1 for capital expenditures. We are anticipating a total of $55 million in gross capital spending for the full year of 2026.

Brad Pearce: Adjusted EBITDA for CM&C in Q1 was $1 million, compared with $10 million in the prior year quarter, due to lower sales prices and higher operating and raw material costs, partly offset by operating cost savings associated with discontinuing the phthalic anhydride business. Compared with Q1 2025, the average pricing of major products was lower by 11%, while average coal tar costs were slightly higher. Shown on slide 19, we continue to pursue a balanced approach to capital allocation. In terms of investments to position the company for the future, $11.4 million was spent in Q1 for capital expenditures. We are anticipating a total of $55 million in gross capital spending for the full year of 2026.

Speaker #4: Partly offset by operating cost savings associated with discontinuing the phthalic anhydride business. Compared with the first quarter of 2025, the average pricing of major projects was lower by 11% while average coal tar costs were slightly higher.

Speaker #4: As shown on slide 19, we continue to pursue a balanced approach to capital allocation. In terms of investments to position the company for the future, $11.4 million was spent in the first quarter for capital expenditures.

Speaker #4: We are anticipating a total of $55 million in gross capital spending for the full year of 2026. Our share buyback activity in the first quarter totaled approximately $29 million, including those associated with tax withholding from our incentive stock plans.

Bradley Pearce: Our share buyback activity in Q1 totaled approximately $29 million, including those associated with tax withholding from our incentive stock plans. We have approximately $45 million remaining on our $100 million repurchase authorization. We also continue to return capital to shareholders through our quarterly dividend of $0.09 per share. At 31 March, we had $386 million in available liquidity and $877 million of net debt, representing a net leverage ratio of 3.5x. We remain focused on our long-term goal of reducing the net leverage ratio to 2 to 3x. Slide 20 provides additional detail on our total capital expenditures for Q1 of just over $11 million. We deployed approximately $7 million to maintenance capital spending, with the remaining balance allocated to Zero Harm initiatives and growth and productivity projects.

Brad Pearce: Our share buyback activity in Q1 totaled approximately $29 million, including those associated with tax withholding from our incentive stock plans. We have approximately $45 million remaining on our $100 million repurchase authorization. We also continue to return capital to shareholders through our quarterly dividend of $0.09 per share. At 31 March, we had $386 million in available liquidity and $877 million of net debt, representing a net leverage ratio of 3.5x. We remain focused on our long-term goal of reducing the net leverage ratio to 2 to 3x. Slide 20 provides additional detail on our total capital expenditures for Q1 of just over $11 million. We deployed approximately $7 million to maintenance capital spending, with the remaining balance allocated to Zero Harm initiatives and growth and productivity projects.

Speaker #4: We have approximately $45 million remaining on our $100 million repurchase authorization. We also continue to return capital to shareholders through our quarterly dividend of 9 cents per share.

Speaker #4: At March 31st, we had $386 million in available liquidity and $877 million of net debt. Representing a net leverage ratio of 3.5 times. We remain focused on our long-term ratio to 2 to 3 times.

Speaker #4: Slide 20 provides additional detail on our total capital expenditures for the first quarter of just over $11 million. We deployed approximately $7 million to maintenance capital spending, with the remaining balance allocated to Zero Harm initiatives and growth and productivity projects.

Speaker #4: Capital expenditures were approximately $5 million for Roughs and $3 million for both PC and CMC. As highlighted on slide 21, our Board of Directors declared a quarterly cash dividend on May 7th of $0.09 per share.

Bradley Pearce: Capital expenditures were approximately $5 million for RUPS and $3 million for both PC and CM&C. As highlighted on slide 21, our board of directors declared a quarterly cash dividend on 7 May of $0.09 per share, reflecting a 12.5% increase from the prior year. This dividend will be paid on 15 June to shareholders of record as of the close of trading on 29 May. While future dividends are subject to ongoing board approval, maintaining a quarterly dividend at this rate will result in an annual dividend of $0.36 per share for 2026. With that, I will turn it back over to Leroy.

Brad Pearce: Capital expenditures were approximately $5 million for RUPS and $3 million for both PC and CM&C. As highlighted on slide 21, our board of directors declared a quarterly cash dividend on 7 May of $0.09 per share, reflecting a 12.5% increase from the prior year. This dividend will be paid on 15 June to shareholders of record as of the close of trading on 29 May. While future dividends are subject to ongoing board approval, maintaining a quarterly dividend at this rate will result in an annual dividend of $0.36 per share for 2026. With that, I will turn it back over to Leroy.

Speaker #4: Reflecting a 12.5% increase from the prior year. This dividend will be paid on June 15 to shareholders of record as of the close of trading on May 29.

Speaker #4: While future dividends are subject to ongoing board approval, maintaining a quarterly dividend at this rate will result in an annual dividend of $36 cents per share for 2026.

Speaker #4: With that, I will turn it back over to Leroy.

Speaker #1: Thank you, Brad. So I'll now review the market outlook for each of our businesses, starting with Performance Chemicals on page 23. Now, despite a number of different headwinds on demand such as the Middle East conflict, higher mortgage rates, lower housing turnover, and general inflationary pressures, our PC business still posted a healthy 15% top-line gain from volume in Q1.

Leroy Ball: Thank you, Brad. I'll now review the market outlook for each of our businesses, starting with Performance Chemicals on page 23. Despite a number of different headwinds on demand, such as the Middle East conflict, higher mortgage rates, lower housing turnover, and general inflationary pressures, our PC business still posted a healthy 15% top line gain from volume in Q1. As we expected, the gains came from market share growth of about 9% and customer inventory build added about 6%, while organic volumes were mostly flat. Through Q1, that puts us reasonably on track to likely exceed our expected top line increase of 11%, as the inventory build will continue through Q2 and then taper off. However, we will only begin hitting our run rate for market share growth in Q2 as we finish the remaining plant conversions.

Speaker #1: As we expected, the gains came from market share growth of about 9% and customer inventory build added about 6%. While organic volumes were mostly flat.

Speaker #1: Through Q1, that puts us reasonably on track to likely exceed our expected top-line increase of 11%, as the inventory build will continue through Q2 and then taper off.

Speaker #1: However, we will only begin hitting our run rate from market share growth in Q2 as we finish the remaining plant conversions. As I mentioned, most external markers that drive the health of this business, such as mortgage rates, housing turnover, and repair and remodeling spending, are still lagging.

Leroy Ball: As I mentioned, most external markers that drive the health of this business, such as mortgage rates, housing turnover, and repair/remodeling spending, are still lagging. The recent move from our customers is more hopeful than it has been in some time that a recovery may be around the corner. We're discounting that optimism for now until we begin seeing it in the numbers. As a result, we're still forecasting flat demand on the base and residential business with a mid-single-digit volume increase expected for our industrial product segment as driven by growth in utility pole demand. On the cost side of the equation, to say there's a lot of noise in the system would be a vast understatement.

Speaker #1: But the recent move from our customers is more hopeful than it has been in some time, that a recovery may be around the corner.

Speaker #1: Now, we're discounting that optimism for now until we begin seeing it in the numbers. So as a result, we're still forecasting flat demand on the base in residential business with a mid-single digit volume increase expected for our industrial product segment as driven by growth in utility pole demand.

Speaker #1: Now, on the cost side of the equation, to say there's a lot of noise in the system would be a vast understatement. Between potential, i.e., tariff recoveries, net exposure to the across-the-board 10% tariffs that were put in place in response to the IEPA rolling, higher fuel costs from the spike in oil and copper volatility, I'd say we have more working against us than for us right now.

Leroy Ball: Between potential IEEPA tariff recoveries, net exposure to the across-the-board 10% tariffs that were put in place in response to the IEEPA rolling, higher fuel costs from the spike in oil and copper volatility, I'd say we have more working against us than for us right now. With what amounts to a $5 to 10 million current net exposure, our procurement team has been working hard to offset it by negotiating better pricing in certain materials, while our commercial team has been preparing to implement fuel surcharges. Copper has continued to hold its lofty pricing with modest periodic corrections, but it looks like mid to high $5 per pound copper is likely the new low water mark, and we're now above the $6 threshold. That's gonna require at least $50 million in price adjustments in 2027 to just recover that increase.

Speaker #1: And with what amounts to a 5 to 10 million current net exposure, our procurement team has been working hard to offset it by negotiating better pricing in certain materials, while our commercial team has been preparing to implement fuel surcharges.

Speaker #1: Copper has continued to hold its lofty pricing with modest periodic corrections but it looks like mid to high $5 per pound copper is likely the new low watermark and we're now above the $6 threshold.

Speaker #1: So that's going to require at least $50 million in price adjustments in 2027 to just recover that increase. In summary, PC has gotten off to a strong start, giving us confidence to move our sales projection up slightly from our initial view of the year, while holding our EBITDA projection where it was, as those additional sales get offset by a net cost increase.

Leroy Ball: In summary, Performance Chemicals has gotten off to a strong start, giving us confidence to move our sales projection up slightly from our initial view of the year while holding our EBITDA projection where it was as those additional sales get offset by a net cost increase. That's obviously contingent on base residential volumes holding steady and our ability to mitigate some of our cost exposure via pricing pass-throughs and other cost reductions. Moving on to our utility and industrial products business shown on page 24, market sentiment remains bullish for all the reasons we've continued to talk about, which include increasing electrical demand related to build-out of AI infrastructure, crypto mining, EV development, and new manufacturing.

Speaker #1: Now, that's obviously contingent on base residential volumes holding steady and our ability to mitigate some of our cost exposure via pricing pass-throughs and other cost reductions.

Speaker #1: Now, moving on to our utility and industrial products business shown on page 24, market sentiment remains bullish for all the reasons we've continued to talk about, which include increasing electrical demand related to build-out of AI infrastructure, crypto mining, EV development, and new manufacturing.

Speaker #1: Now, our first quarter sales increased by 12% due to volume and that reflects the bullishness with 3% of that 12 resulting from the December 2025 acquisition of our Doug Fir supply chain.

Leroy Ball: Now our Q1 sales increased by 12% due to volume, that reflects the bullishness, with 3% of that 12 resulting from the December 2025 acquisition of our Douglas Fir supply chain. Now in our targeted underserved regions, we grew volumes by 9% coming off of growth in 2025 of 17%. Market demand remains concentrated on a limited range of pole sizes, this has put pressure on fiber sourcing and driven up raw material costs, which we're working to recoup to return margins to our long-term target.

Speaker #1: Now, in our targeted underserved regions, we grew volumes by 9%, coming off of growth in 2025 of 17%. Market demand remains concentrated on a limited range of pole sizes, and this has put pressure on fiber sourcing and driven up raw material costs, which we're working to recoup to return margins to our long-term target.

Speaker #1: We expect some cost relief on the Whitewood side when our peeler and Leesville, Louisiana, which was damaged by fire last September, comes back online which will enable us to bring more peeling capacity back in-house and lower our third-party costs.

Leroy Ball: We expect some cost relief on the whitewood side when our peeler in Leesville, Louisiana, which was damaged by fire last September, comes back online, which will enable us to bring more peeling capacity back in-house and lower our third-party costs. As mentioned earlier, our Douglas Fir acquisition is showing early dividends by increasing our access to this important fiber, enabling us to better compete for previously unavailable business. On the flip side, the Southern Yellow Pine market is under pressure due to closures of pulp and paper mills and lumber mills, as well as fires that destroyed tracts of timber in the Southeast. Now, with sales volume strong and pricing relatively flat, we have more work to do to bring costs into check.

Speaker #1: As mentioned earlier, our Doug Fir acquisition is showing early dividends by increasing our access to this important fiber, enabling us to better compete for previously unavailable business.

Speaker #1: And on the flip side, the Southern Yellow Pine market is under pressure due to closures of pulp and paper mills and lumber mills, as well as fires that destroyed tracts of timber in the Southeast.

Speaker #1: Now, sales volume is strong and pricing relatively flat. We have more work to do to bring costs into check. Getting to Leesville peeler back online will help along with the consolidation of Vance production into Kennedy.

Leroy Ball: Getting the Leesville peeler back online will help, along with the consolidation of Vance production into Kennedy, which began in Q1 and should contribute $2 million in savings by year-end. We are experiencing higher costs for fuel and freight that we are working to pass on. Additional Catalyst initiatives, our transformation program launched in 2025, are expected to generate further cost savings, which will help to overcome the additional corporate cost allocations that have been shifted to UIP this year and enable our pulp business to contribute to the year-over-year EBITDA improvement projected for the RUPS segment. The market outlook for our Railroad Products and Services business is summarized on page 25. Our Q1 top line was down compared to prior year, despite crossties sold being consistent with prior year.

Speaker #1: Which began in Q1 and should contribute $2 million in savings by year-end. We're experiencing higher costs for fuel and freight that we're working to pass on.

Speaker #1: An additional caliph initiative is our transformation program launched in 2025. Our expected to generate further cost savings which will help to overcome the additional corporate cost allocations that have been shifted to UIP this year.

Speaker #1: And enable our pole business to contribute to the year-over-year EBITDA improvement projected for the rough segment. The market outlook for our railroad products and services business is summarized on page 25.

Speaker #1: And our Q1 top line was down compared to prior year despite cross-tie sole being consistent with prior year. After adjusting for the sale of our KRS business last August, the main driver of our revenue decline was an unfavorable mix with lower pricing having a smaller impact.

Leroy Ball: After adjusting for the sale of our Koppers Railroad Structures business last August, the main driver of our revenue decline was an unfavorable mix, with lower pricing having a smaller impact. We had a greater proportion of treatment service-only sales in Q1 compared to prior year, combined with lower green tie purchases and black tie shipments. The severe winter storms that hit much of the country in Q1 knocked our plants offline for a number of days. This impacted production and shipping, which we began making up in March. Uneven customer car flow in and out of our plants also had an impact, and our customers have pledged to work on improving that situation, which should enable us to catch up as the year goes on. While we've had a few customers pull back on their demand for the year, most of it was known as we entered 2026.

Speaker #1: We had a greater proportion of treatment service-only sales in Q1 compared to prior year combined with lower green tie purchases and black tie shipments.

Speaker #1: The severe winter storms that hit much of the country in Q1 knocked our plants offline for a number of days. This impacted production and shipping which we began making up in March.

Speaker #1: But uneven customer car flow in and out of our plants also had an impact. And our customers have pledged to work on improving that situation which should enable us to catch up as the year goes on.

Speaker #1: And while we've had a few customers pull back on their demand for the year, most of it was known as we entered 2026. And a few others are increasing demand which is expected to more than offset the other railroads reductions.

Leroy Ball: A few others are increasing demand, which is expected to more than offset the other railroads' reductions. Commercial backlog remains as strong as ever, delivering 3% higher sales in Q1. The price reductions we exchanged for growing our piece of a smaller market this year will be made up through the year as we work to idle the Florence, South Carolina, facility by October. We also continue to relentlessly go after costs, with Q1 representing the eighth consecutive quarter of reduced operating expense and direct SG&A compared to the prior year quarter. While we expect to be in good shape from a demand standpoint this year, the overall lower industry demand is wreaking havoc on sawmills, resulting in reduced production and widespread mill closures. I mentioned our strong cash quarter during my earlier comments.

Speaker #1: Commercial backlog remains as strong as ever delivering 3% higher sales in Q1. And the price reductions we exchanged for growing our piece of a smaller market this year will be made up through the year as we work to idle the Florence, South Carolina facility by October.

Speaker #1: We also continue to relentlessly go after costs with Q1 representing the eighth consecutive quarter of reduced operating expense and direct SG&A compared to the prior year quarter.

Speaker #1: While we expect to be in good shape from a demand standpoint this year, the overall lower industry demand is wreaking havoc on sawmills, resulting in reduced production and widespread mill closures.

Speaker #1: I mentioned our strong cash quarter during my earlier comments. Well, our RPS business led the way in that area with stellar working capital management holding inventory in check during a period where we usually see a build.

Leroy Ball: Well, our RPS business led the way in that area with stellar working capital management, holding inventory in check during a period where we usually see a build. While we still expect strong sales in both RPS and UIP for the year, we're incorporating more of an unfavorable mix into our forecast for the year, also baking in some of the impact from higher oil. This is bringing our revenue projections down by $10 million on both the top and bottom end of our range, as well as bringing our EBITDA projections down proportionally. Now, the outlook for our CMC business is summarized on page 26. Overall, the market continues to be in turmoil, with Q1 results reaching their lowest point since the beginning of our major restructuring efforts in 2016.

Speaker #1: And while we still expect strong sales in both RPS and UIP for the year, we're incorporating more of an unfavorable mix into our forecast for the year, also baking in some of the impact from higher oil.

Speaker #1: This is bringing our revenue projections down by $10 million on both the top and bottom end of our range, as well as bringing our EBITDA projections down proportionally.

Speaker #1: Now, the outlook for our CMT business is summarized on page 26. Overall, the market continues to be in turmoil with Q1 results reaching their lowest point since the beginning of our major restructuring efforts in 2016.

Speaker #1: The war in the Middle East, which began two days after our last earnings call, has only made the situation in this business more challenging, as oil price shocks have resulted in rapidly escalating raw material costs.

Leroy Ball: The war in the Middle East, which began 2 days after our last earnings call, has only made the situation in this business more challenging as oil price shocks have resulted in rapidly escalating raw material costs. If higher oil prices hold, we'll be playing catch-up over the next couple of quarters regarding passing on higher pricing. This is estimated to have a $5 million impact on CM&C over the remainder of the year, in addition to the $1 million impact it had on Q1 for this segment. On the plus side, this could potentially create some market opportunity for Australian, European, and North American aluminum producers to fill the void of Middle East aluminum producers and will likely create an opportunity of more sales for Koppers.

Speaker #1: If higher oil prices hold, we'll be playing catch-up over the next couple of quarters regarding passing on higher pricing. This is estimated to have a $5 million impact on CM&C over the remainder of the year in addition to the $1 million impact it had on Q1 for this segment.

Speaker #1: On the plus side, this could potentially create some market opportunity for Australian, European, and North American aluminum producers to fill the void of Middle East aluminum producers, and will likely create an opportunity of more sales for Koppers.

Speaker #1: The continued uncertainty in the carbon products markets only highlights the necessity to take a major action which we're doing by ceasing production at our stickney site.

Leroy Ball: The continued uncertainty in the carbon products markets only highlight the necessity to take a major action, which we're doing by ceasing production at our Stickney site. There's no need to repeat all the financial details I previously mentioned, but they are once again outlined on page 26 and speak for themselves. Once we felt comfortable that we had the capacity to reliably absorb the US volume in Denmark and could beef up our logistics assets to further improve reliability, it became a very unfortunate but obvious no-brainer to move forward with shifting production to Europe. While there are no celebrations at Koppers to commemorate this action, it's an unquestionable win for our shareholders. This action is expected to pay for itself over the next few years while improving earnings and long-term cash flow significantly.

Speaker #1: There's no need to repeat all the financial details I previously mentioned, but they are once again outlined on page 26 and speak for themselves.

Speaker #1: Once we felt comfortable that we had the capacity to reliably absorb the US volume in Denmark and could beef up our logistics assets to further improve reliability, it became a very unfortunate but obvious no-brainer to move forward with shifting production to Europe.

Speaker #1: And while there are no celebrations at coppers to commemorate this action, it's an unquestionable win for our shareholders. This action is expected to pay for itself over the next few years while improving earnings and long-term cash flow significantly.

Speaker #1: In addition, by significantly strengthening our European operation, we increase the likelihood that weaker European competitors will eventually succumb to the challenging market conditions. For this year, though, we're going to have to reduce both our revenue and EBITDA estimates for CM&C due to impacts from higher oil and generally worse market conditions.

Leroy Ball: In addition, by significantly strengthening our European operation, we increase the likelihood that weaker European competitors will eventually succumb to the challenging market conditions. For this year, though, we're going to have to reduce both our revenue and EBITDA estimates for CMC due to impacts from higher oil and generally worse market conditions. As shown on slide 27, we're a little over a year into our Catalyst transformation and executing successfully on many initiatives. In Q1, we realized $14 million of benefits spread across our business segments and corporate functions. In PC, the driver was market share growth and new products. In RUPS, it was the plant consolidation of Vance and market share growth. For CMC and corporate, it was procurement savings.

Speaker #1: As shown on slide 27, we're a little over a year into our catalyst transformation and executing successfully on many initiatives. In Q1, we realized $14 million of benefits spread across our business segments and corporate functions.

Speaker #1: In PC, the driver was market share growth and new products. In RUPS, it was the plant consolidation of Vance and market share growth. For CM&C Incorporate, it was procurement savings.

Speaker #1: In addition, we're using catalysts to improve our working capital discipline, delivering $16 million in benefits in Q1 driven primarily by inventory control and RPS.

Leroy Ball: In addition, we're using Catalyst to improve our working capital discipline, delivering $16 million in benefits in Q1, driven primarily by inventory control and RPS. Adding the benefits from our Stickney announcement, we've now identified a minimum of $90 million of benefits to be realized from 2026 through 2028. Of that, we expect $30 million to $40 million of benefits in 2026, which is up by $10 million on the low end.

Speaker #1: Adding the benefits from our Stickney announcement, we've now identified a minimum of $90 million of benefits to be realized from 2026 through 2028. And of that, we expect $30 to $40 million of benefits in '26, which is up by $10 million on the low end.

Speaker #1: And this puts us squarely on track to deliver on our 2028 goals of adjusted EBITDA greater than 15%, a three-year EPS CAGR of more than 10%, net leverage of lower than 2 and a half times, a three-year free cash flow average of $100 million minimum, and our combined PC and RUPS segments making up 80% to 85% or more of our sales.

Leroy Ball: This puts us squarely on track to deliver on our 2028 goals of adjusted EBITDA greater than 15%, a 3-year EPS CAGR of more than 10%, net leverage of lower than 2.5x, a 3-year free cash flow average of $100 million minimum, and our combined PC and RUPS segments making up 80% to 85% or more of our sales. The result of reaching those metrics should result in significant shareholder value creation. As we move on to slide 29, our consolidated sales guidance remains at $1.9 to 2.0 billion in 2026, compared with $1.88 billion in 2025, with higher sales in PC and RUPS more than offsetting lower CM&C sales.

Speaker #1: The result of reaching those metrics should result in significant shareholder value creation. Now, as we move on to slide 29, our consolidated sales guidance remains at $1.9 to $2.0 billion in 2026 compared with $1.88 billion in 2025 with higher sales in PC and RUPS more than offsetting lower CM&C sales.

Speaker #1: The foundation of customer demand is proving to be solid four months into the year, especially for our PC and RUPS segments. As we have now turned the corner on our PC market share loss from last year, and are starting to see the needle move in the other direction.

Leroy Ball: The foundation of customer demand is proving to be solid 4 months into the year, especially for our PC and RPS segments, as we have now turned a corner on our PC market share loss from last year and are starting to see the needle move in the other direction. On slide 30, we're lowering our adjusted EBITDA forecast to $240 to 260 million in 2026, compared with $257 million in 2025. The major reason for shifting our previous range of guidance down by $10 million is the impact of higher oil across our entire enterprise. The war in the Middle East was not a variable we had contemplated when we communicated our 2026 guidance in February.

Speaker #1: EBITDA is forecast to be $240 to $260 million in 2026, compared with $257 million in 2025. The major reason for shifting our previous range of guidance down by $10 million is the impact of higher oil across our entire enterprise.

Speaker #1: The war in the Middle East was not a variable we had contemplated when we communicated our 2026 guidance in February. And while we believe it is contained to a less than 5% impact on our consolidated EBITDA, we believe it's prudent to incorporate it into current guidance at this point, while the various other puts and takes are projected to offset each other.

Leroy Ball: While we believe it is contained to a less than 5% impact on our consolidated EBITDA, we believe it's prudent to incorporate it into current guidance at this point, while the various other puts and takes are projected to offset each other. Slide 31 shows our adjusted earnings per share bridge, which reflects a range of $3.80 to 4.60 per share in 2026, compared with $4.07 in 2025. Year-over-year, that represents a 3% increase at the midpoint and a 13% increase at the high end. Most of our projected improvement is expected to come from lower interest expense and benefits from a lower share count. On slide 32, we now expect an even higher jump in both operating cash flow and free cash flow this year.

Speaker #1: Slide 31 shows our adjusted earnings per share bridge, which reflects a range of $3.80 to $4.60 per share in 2026 compared with $4.07 in 2025.

Speaker #1: Year over year, there represents a 3% increase at the midpoint and a 13% increase at the high end. Most of our projected improvement is expected to come from lower interest expense and benefits from a lower share count.

Speaker #1: On slide 32, we now expect an even higher jump in both operating cash flow and free cash flow this year. As a result, this will provide the most cash we have had for debt paydown since 2020, when we received the cash proceeds from selling our KJCC business.

Leroy Ball: As a result, this will provide the most cash we've had for debt paydown since 2020, when we received the cash proceeds from selling our KJCC business. Not only would operating cash flow and free cash flow represent new highs at these projected levels, but more importantly, 2026 will represent an inflection point for our step change in cash generation as we expect these new higher levels to become the norm. At our current market cap, this equates to a 10% to 15% free cash flow yield and places Koppers at the top end of whatever industry you want to compare us to and provide several attractive options for how we deploy our excess cash. On slide 33, in terms of capital spending, we continue to forecast $55 million for the year, consistent with $55 million spent in 2025.

Speaker #1: Not only would operating cash flow and free cash flow represent new highs at these projected levels, but, more importantly, 2026 will represent an inflection point for our step change in cash generation, as we expect these new, higher levels to become the norm.

Speaker #1: And at our current market cap, this equates to a 10% to 15% free cash flow yield and places Koppers at the top end of whatever industry you want to compare us to, and provides several attractive options for how we deploy our excess cash.

Speaker #1: On slide 33, in terms of capital spending, we continue to forecast $55 million for the year, consistent with $55 million spent in 2025. Currently, we're spending at a run rate lower than $55 million, but we'll still likely spend at that rate for the year as we take dollars that we would have spent at Stickney this year and put it towards bulking up our logistics assets.

Leroy Ball: Currently, we're spending at a run rate lower than $55 million, but we'll still likely spend at that rate for the year as we take dollars that we would have spent at Stickney this year and put it towards bulking up our logistics assets. The foundation we have built over the past decade has set us up to create significant shareholder value over the next several years, and I'm confident we will deliver. We still maintain leading shares in niche markets that utilize our essential products with low capital requirements going forward. Couple that with the unlocking of significant cash flow, and we find ourselves in a strong position to deliver shareholder value in multiple ways.

Speaker #1: The foundation we have built over the past decade has set us up to create significant shareholder value over the next several years, and I'm confident we will deliver.

Speaker #1: We still maintain leading shares in niche markets that utilize our essential products with low capital requirements going forward. And couple that with the unlocking of significant cash flow, and we find ourselves in a strong position to deliver shareholder value in multiple ways.

Speaker #1: While today represents a difficult next step, I believe it's the right one for our customers, our team members at Koppers, and our shareholders who have patiently hung in while we have methodically built a model that is built to last.

Leroy Ball: While today represents a difficult next step, I believe it's the right one for our customers, our team members at Koppers, and our shareholders who have patiently hung in while we have methodically built a model that is built to last. Now I would like to open it up to any questions.

Speaker #1: So now I would like to open it up to any questions. Thank you. We will now begin the question and answer session. To ask a question, you may press star, then one on your touchstone phone.

Operator 2: Thank you. We will now begin the question-and-answer session. The first question will come from Gary Prestopino with Barrington Research. Please go ahead.

Operator: Thank you. We will now begin the question-and-answer session. The first question will come from Gary Prestopino with Barrington Research. Please go ahead.

Speaker #1: If you are using a speakerphone, please pick up your handset before pressing the keys. To withdraw your question, please press star, then two.

Speaker #1: At this time, we'll pause momentarily to assemble the roster. The first question will come from Gary Prestapino with Barrington Research. Please go ahead.

Speaker #3: Hi. Good morning, all. Hey, Leroy. Throughout your narrative on what you're looking for, going forward in a couple of your segments, you mentioned you've got to get some price increases to offset some of these input increases.

Gary Prestopino: Hi. Good morning, all. Hey, Leroy, throughout your narrative on what you're looking for go forward in a couple of your segments, you mentioned you've got to get some price increases to offset some of these input increases. I mean, in the past, how successful have you been at driving those kind of price increases? And what's generally the lag? How long does it usually take relative to, you know, where we are right now in the

Speaker #3: I mean, in the past, how successful have you been at driving those kind of price increases? And what's generally the lag? How long does it usually take relative to where we are right now in the cycle?

Leroy Ball: Yes

Gary Prestopino: in the cycle?

Leroy Ball: Yeah, no, it's a good question. I think it varies and it varies depending upon business unit as well. I'd say for the most part, we have been successful. Yeah, there's a timing aspect to it. There's been some changes that we've made in some of our agreements, you know, over the past. You know, coming through COVID and that big inflationary environment that we were in, that we got kind of caught in for a period where we were hamstrung in terms of being able to pass on some of these increases. We were able to make some changes in certain contracts that give us more flexibility to pass stuff on a little more currently.

Speaker #2: Yeah, yeah, that's a good question. So I think it varies, and it varies depending upon business unit as well. But I'd say for the most part, we have been successful.

Speaker #2: But yeah, there's a timing aspect to it. There's been some changes that we've made in some of our agreements over the past coming through COVID and that big inflationary environment that we were in that we got kind of caught in for a period where we were hamstrung in terms of being able to pass on some of these increases.

Speaker #2: We were able to make some changes in certain contracts to give us more flexibility to pass stuff on a little more currently. I would say, generally, the way that we feel about it, as it relates to passing on fuel surcharges and those sorts of things, I think we have an ability to do that, more or less, currently, right?

Leroy Ball: I would say generally, the way that we feel about it, as it relates to passing on fuel surcharges, those sorts of things, I think we have an ability to do that more or less currently, right? There's little to no lag that needs to happen there. We've tried to, you know, in regards to, again, some of the larger relationships we have, understand exactly whether this stuff was gonna be sustainable or short-term. We've obviously gotten to the point now where, you know, we're moving forward on trying to work with passing that on.

Speaker #2: So there's little to no lag that needs to happen there. We've tried to, in regards to, again, some of the larger relationships we have, understand exactly whether this stuff was going to be sustainable or short-term.

Speaker #2: But we've obviously gotten to the point now where we're moving forward on trying to work with passing that on. As it relates to some of the bigger issues, in terms of impacts on raw materials that we know are going to linger for a bit, most of our contracts on the CM&C side, we're at least a quarter to six months from being able to pass that on, which is why we talk about the impact we see more or less in the back half of the year that we won't get to catch up on until we probably turn the page into either the fourth quarter or into 2027.

Leroy Ball: As it relates to some of the bigger issues, in terms of impacts on raw materials that we know are gonna linger for a bit, you know, most of our contracts on the CM&C side, you know, we're at least a quarter to 6 months from being able to pass that on, which is why we talk about the impact we see more or less in the H2 of the year that we won't, you know, get to catch up on until we probably turn the page into either Q4 or into 2027. Then, you know, on the PC side of things, you know, we tend to go through a 2-year agreements, and this, you know, the latest cycle wraps up this year.

Speaker #2: And then on the PC side of things, we tend to go through a couple of year agreements in this the latest cycle wraps up this year.

Speaker #2: So, discussions will be happening in the back part of this year—actually, discussions are currently happening—about trying to give them some insight in terms of where the overall cost structure looks like at this point.

Leroy Ball: Discussions will be happening in the back part of this year. Actually, discussions are, you know, currently happening about trying to give them some insight in terms of where the overall cost structure looks like at this point and what to expect. You know, we'll have more news on that as we get to the back half of the year. As we talk about often, we're mostly hedged for the biggest piece of that as it relates to copper. There will need to be a reset on that as we head into next year. You know, we also are continuing to work on new products that can help maybe minimize the amount of copper that needs to go in and/or retention rates.

Speaker #2: And what to expect? So we'll have more news on that as we get to the back half of the year. As we talk about often, we're mostly hedged for the biggest piece of that as it relates to copper.

Speaker #2: But there will need to be a there will need to be a reset on that as we head into next year. But we also are continuing to work on new products that can help maybe minimize the amount of copper that needs to go in and/or retention rates.

Speaker #2: And so there's all kinds of things that we're working on to try and mitigate and minimize the impact on our customer, hopefully put a few more dollars in their pockets as well as ours, and just create more success for the industry.

Leroy Ball: There's all kinds of things that we're working on to try and mitigate and minimize the impact on our customer, hopefully put a few more dollars in their pockets as well as ours and just create more success for the industry. It's a mixed bag, Gary. You know, the bringing the guidance down by $10 million, both top and bottom end of the range, was our best attempt at from an unmitigated standpoint. That's what we would expect for the year related to the oil impact, which is the biggest, well, other than copper, it's the biggest impact we're currently facing. On an ongoing basis, it'll be copper and oil.

Speaker #2: So it's a mixed bag, Gary. But bringing the guidance down by $10 million, both top and bottom end of the range, was our best attempt at, from an unmitigated standpoint.

Speaker #2: That's what we would expect for the year related to the oil impact, which is the biggest well, other than copper, is the biggest impact that well, it's the biggest impact we're currently facing on an ongoing basis.

Speaker #2: It'll be copper in oil. But we feel pretty good that we have that captured there with a little opportunity for upside on passers.

Leroy Ball: We feel pretty good that we have that captured there with a little opportunity for upside on pass-throughs.

Speaker #3: Okay. That's a good explanation. And then as it relates to what you're doing within the CMC business, I realize it's difficult decision. It's always hard to tell people of that decision.

Gary Prestopino: Okay. That's a good explanation. Then as it relates to what you're doing in the CMC business, I realize it's a difficult decision. It's always hard to tell people of that decision.

Leroy Ball: Yeah.

Gary Prestopino: Is it mostly just that, you're looking at it as cutting excess capacity, there just isn't the end demand there, and by folding everything into Nyborg, you would expect that you'd get more utilization of that facility, and you can get your margins up that way. Is that kinda how we should think about it?

Speaker #3: Was it mostly is it mostly just your looking at it as cutting excess capacity? There just isn't the end demand there. And by folding everything in a Nyborg, you would expect that you'd get more utilization of that facility and you can get your margins up that way.

Speaker #3: Is that kind of how we should think about it?

Leroy Ball: It is a consolidation play. Yes, it is. We have excess capacity at Nyborg. You know, that's freed itself up over the last couple of years. At the same time, raw material availability in North America has come down. With what we have remaining here in North America, we found that we could comfortably fit that into our Nyborg operations and have, you know, very little incremental cost to do so. We could essentially, again, source raw material from North America, process it there and actually still serve the vast majority of our customer base here in North America and cut out a significant level of fixed costs in the process. Yes, it's a consolidation play.

Speaker #2: It is a consolidation play. Yes, it is. We have excess capacity at Nyborg. That's freed itself up over the last couple of years. At the same time, raw material availability in North America has come down.

Speaker #2: So with what we have remaining here in North America, we found that we could comfortably fit that into our Nyborg operations. And have very little incremental cost to do so.

Speaker #2: And so we could essentially again, source raw material from North America process it there and actually still serve the vast majority of our customer base here in North America and cut out a significant level of fixed costs in the process.

Speaker #2: So yes, it is a consolidation play.

Speaker #3: Okay. Thank you very much.

Gary Prestopino: Okay. Thank you very much.

Speaker #2: You're very welcome.

Leroy Ball: You're very welcome.

Speaker #3: The next question will come from Liam Burke with B. Reilly Securities. Please go ahead.

Operator 2: The next question will come from Liam Burke with B. Riley Securities. Please go ahead.

Operator: The next question will come from Liam Burke with B. Riley Securities. Please go ahead.

Speaker #4: Thank you. Good morning, Leeroy.

Liam Burke: Thank you. Good morning, Leroy.

Leroy Ball: Hi, Liam.

Speaker #2: Hi, Liam. Hi, Liam.

Liam Burke: Leroy, with the shifting of production from Stickney to Nyborg, do you anticipate any competitive disadvantage? Having your in-house creosote for the coatings has been at a competitive advantage.

Speaker #4: Leroy, with the shifting of production from Stickney to Nyborg, do you anticipate any competitive disadvantage? Having your in-house creosote for the coatings has been a competitive advantage—will the greater distance affect that competitive advantage?

Leroy Ball: Yeah.

Liam Burke: Will the greater distance affect that competitive advantage?

Speaker #2: No, we don't believe so. I mean, that's really happening today. We already bring a significant amount of creosote into North America. Like I said, with where the cost structure was at—in fact, what we believe is we'll be able to actually improve the reliability of the supply chain, because while certainly distilling in Chicago, you can look at it and say, 'Well, again, you're closer to your customers.'

Leroy Ball: No, we don't believe so. I mean, you know, that's really happening today. We already bring a significant amount of creosote into North America. Like I said, with where the cost structure was at. Well, in fact, what we believe is we'll be able to actually improve the reliability of the supply chain because while certainly distilling in, you know, Chicago, you can look at and say, "Well, again, you're closer to your customers," there's no question. Again, the aging equipment that we have there, you know, has created a host of different reliability issues over the years. We would find ourselves scrambling at times despite the fact that, again, we had operations right here. Nyborg is, you know, it's a beautiful facility.

Speaker #2: There's no question." But again, the aging equipment that we have there has created a host of different reliability issues over the years. And so we would find ourselves scrambling at times despite the fact that, again, we had operations right here.

Speaker #2: Nyborg is it's a beautiful facility. It's been incredibly well maintained. And we do not deal at all with those sorts of issues as it relates to that.

Leroy Ball: It's been incredibly well-maintained. We do not deal at all with those sorts of issues as it relates to that. All, you know, yes, you're extending the time to get product back and forth, but again, we're adding tank capacity here. We already have, you know, terminals set up that and actually a fairly mature logistics operation that's been doing this for a while. You know, and, you know, our competitor does make similar sorts of shipments back and forth across the pond as well. This is not unique. It's not new. And we believe it actually improves the reliability and competitiveness for us, which is again, a driver for us making the decision.

Speaker #2: So, yes, you're extending the time to get product back and forth, but again, we're adding tank capacity here. We already have terminals set up—and actually, a fairly mature logistics operation that's been doing this for a while.

Speaker #2: And our competitor does make similar sorts of shipments back and forth across the pond as well. So this is not unique. It's not new.

Speaker #2: And we believe it actually improves the reliability and competitiveness for us, which is, again, a driver for us making the decision.

Speaker #4: Great. That is good news. On copper pricing, you've been able to increase prices to your customer with margin or is that going to create a competitive pricing problem?

Liam Burke: Great. That is good news.

Leroy Ball: Yeah.

Liam Burke: On Koppers pricing, you've been able to increase prices to your customer with margin or is that gonna create?

Leroy Ball: Yeah

Liam Burke: competitive pricing problem?

Speaker #2: Well, I think we'll be pricing to the only one in this situation, our market our margins fluctuate; they range. Anywhere in that 17% to 22% range over time.

Leroy Ball: Well, you know, I think, you know, we'll be pricing to market and because we're not the only one in this situation. You know, our margins fluctuate, they range. You know, anywhere in that 17% to 22% range over time. We've had one year, I think, where, you know, it fell down below that. That was actually, I think, in 2022 or 2023 when we ate a lot of cost, and it was not necessarily on the Koppers side. It was on all the other raw material pieces that we weren't able to pass through at that point in time. That was an anomaly. We've had an occasion here or there where we bumped up above that 22% range.

Speaker #2: We've had one year, I think, where it fell down below that. That was actually, I think, in '22 or '23 when we ate a lot of cost.

Speaker #2: And it was not necessarily on the copper side. It was on all the other raw material pieces that we weren't able to pass through at that point in time.

Speaker #2: That was an anomaly. And we've had an occasion here or there where we bumped up above that 22% range. I see no reason why going through this round we'll end up somewhere in that range coming out of it.

Leroy Ball: You know, I see no reason why, you know, going through this round, we'll end up somewhere in that range coming out of it. You know, we'll have to be competitive. I mean, it's, and, you know, we'll definitely be doing that while also, again, hoping to demonstrate to our customers our commitment to them, our commitment to the industry in terms of looking to, you know, develop new products for them to take to market and, again, help them from a profitability standpoint. I think we're in a good position to, you know, to sort of maintain that 17% to 22% margin range overall.

Speaker #2: But we'll have to be competitive. I mean, and we'll definitely be doing that while also, again, hoping to demonstrate to our customers our commitment to them, our commitment to the industry in terms of looking to develop new products for them to take to market.

Speaker #2: And again, help them from a profitability standpoint. So I think we're in a good position to sort of maintain that 17 to 22 percent margin range overall.

Speaker #4: Great. Thank you, Leeroy.

Liam Burke: Great. Thank you, Leroy.

Speaker #2: No, you're welcome, Liam. Thank you.

Leroy Ball: Yeah, you are welcome, Liam. Thank you.

Speaker #3: The next question will come from Michael Matheson with Sidonian Company. Please go ahead.

Operator 2: The next question will come from Michael Mathison with Sidoti & Company. Please go ahead.

Operator: The next question will come from Michael Mathison with Sidoti & Company. Please go ahead.

Speaker #5: Congratulations on the quarter, you guys. Very impressive.

Michael Mathison: Congratulations on the quarter, you guys. Very impressive.

Leroy Ball: Thank you. Thank you, Michael. Appreciate that.

Speaker #2: Thank you. Thank you, Michael. Appreciate that.

Michael Mathison: Just turning to my questions, you mentioned a $10 million impact this year from the increase in oil prices, which of course fluctuate.

Speaker #5: Just turning to my questions. You mentioned a $10 million impact this year from the increase in oil prices, which, of course, fluctuate. They were down a lot the past few days.

Michael Mathison: Just turning to my questions, you mentioned a $10 million impact this year from the increase in oil prices, which of course fluctuate.

Leroy Ball: Yeah.

Michael Mathison: They were down a lot the past few days.

Leroy Ball: Sure.

Speaker #5: Is there a rule of thumb that we can use—if oil prices move by X, the impact to copper is Y percent?

Michael Mathison: Is there a rule of thumb that we can use that if oil prices.

Leroy Ball: Yeah

Michael Mathison: move by X, the impact to Koppers is Y%?

Speaker #2: Yeah, I wish it was that simple. I wish it was that simple because there's so many tentacles to it that it's tough to it's tough to put your finger on it with that level of precision.

Leroy Ball: Yeah. I wish it was that simple. There's so many tentacles to it that it's tough to put your finger on it with that level of precision. You know, you can look at, you know, sort of the current situation that we're going through as a little bit of a guide. I mean, you know, with oil prices rising suddenly at the end of February up into, you know, anywhere that $100 to, you know, over $100 a barrel range, right? We're sitting here telling you and talking about the fact that that's gonna have, what we believe, up to a $10 million unmitigated impact over the year.

Speaker #2: But you can look at sort of the current situation that we're going through. It's a little bit of a guide. I mean, with oil prices rising suddenly at the end of February, up into anywhere in that $100 to over $100-a-barrel range, right, we're sitting here telling you and talking about the fact that that's going to have what we believe is up to a $10 million unmitigated impact over the year.

Speaker #2: So that gives you some indication in terms of that level of sensitivity. But we do have abilities to pass some of that stuff on to negotiate higher pricing because, again, these sorts of things don't just impact us.

Leroy Ball: That gives you some indication in terms of that level of sensitivity. You know, we do have abilities to pass some of that stuff on, to negotiate higher pricing, 'cause again, these sorts of things don't just impact us, they impact our competition as well. It's not a situation where the any of this sort of stuff is Koppers specific. I believe we will get it back over a reasonable timeframe, and that's what we'll work to do. When you think about it overall, I mentioned this, you know, the, this number here is gonna be less than a 5% impact.

Speaker #2: They impact our competition as well. And so it's not a situation where any of this sort of stuff is copper specific. I believe we will get it back over a reasonable time frame.

Speaker #2: And that's what we'll work to do. But when you think about it overall, I mentioned this number here is going to be less than a 5% impact.

Speaker #2: Again, it's meaningful to the numbers that we gave out. But in the grand scheme of things, not necessarily so. And it's something that we'll be able to pull back in over the next 3 to 12 months, I would say.

Leroy Ball: It's, you know, again, it's meaningful to the numbers that we gave out, but, you know, in the grand scheme of things, not necessarily so, and it's something that we'll be able to pull back in over the next, you know, three to 12 months, I would say.

Speaker #5: Okay, fair enough. Turning to the future of the CMC business, if we look forward to 2027 after the plant shutdown at Stickney, is there an EBITDA margin target for CMC that you can share with us?

Michael Mathison: Okay. Fair enough. Turning to the future of the CMC business, if we look forward to 2027 after the planned shutdown at Stickney, is there an EBITDA margin target for CMC that you can share with us?

Leroy Ball: I would say that, you know, we certainly have run those numbers internally and I would say that it would be in line with our overall consolidated margin target. We have talked about, you know, one of our transformation target goals is to be at a 15% or greater EBITDA margin from an overall company standpoint. I think our expectation is that this particular business will be right around that number.

Speaker #2: I would say that we certainly have run those numbers internally, and I would say that it would be in line with our overall consolidated margin target.

Speaker #2: So we have talked about one of our transformation target goals is to be at a 15% or greater EBITDA margin from an overall company standpoint.

Speaker #2: And I think our expectation is that this particular business will be right around that number.

Speaker #5: Okay, perfect. Very helpful. Just turning to PC, the sales growth there was especially striking. Flat overall market residential sales—what drove the market share increase, if you can share that with us?

Michael Mathison: Okay. Perfect. Very helpful.

Leroy Ball: Yeah.

Michael Mathison: Just turning to PC, the sales growth there was especially striking. Flat overall market residential sales.

Leroy Ball: Yeah

Michael Mathison: What drove the market share increase, if you can share that with us?

Speaker #2: Well, it was a situation where it was a stark change last year, as you know, and as we took a market share hit. We had talked about in the back part of last year that we thought we had opportunities to win back a little bit of that market share.

Leroy Ball: Well, you know, it was a situation where, you know, it was a stark change last year, as you know, and as we took a market share hit. We had talked about in the back part of last year that we thought we had opportunities to, you know, win back a little bit of that market share. We were able to do that to some extent, while also picking up some additional market share from some of, again, our larger customers who, you know, still had a little bit of business out there in the other camp.

Speaker #2: And we were able to do that to some extent, while also picking up some additional market share from some of, again, our larger customers who still had a little bit of business out there in the other camp.

Leroy Ball: You know, we the other two camps and, again, through some different product development we had done, we were able to get that comfortable to make some conversions on some straggling plants that were not in our network at this point in time and get them moved over. On the industrial side, I think we've done a really good job. You know, Tommy Kyzer and his team in PC have done a really good job of continuing to develop that business. That is, you know, a business that's in a nice, healthy spot right now too. You know, it's just our sales team has, I think consistently done a really good job of building that customer network, relationship network.

Speaker #2: We, the other two camps in, again, through some different product development we had done, we were able to get them comfortable to make some conversions on some straggling plants that were not in our network at this point in time.

Speaker #2: And get them moved over. And on the industrial side, I think we've done a really good job. Tommy Kaiser and his team in PC have done a really good job of continuing to develop that business.

Speaker #2: And that is a business that's in a nice, healthy spot right now too. So it's just our sales team is, I think, consistently done a really good job of building that customer network relationship network.

Speaker #2: And we've been successful more often in winning that business than losing it. You're going to go through some phases, and again, we went through a good eight years of nothing but wins, wins, wins.

Leroy Ball: You know, some We've been successful more often in winning that business than losing it. You're gonna go through some phases, and again, we went through a good 8 years of nothing but wins, wins. You know, all that just made us more vulnerable at some point that some business was gonna get moved away, and that's what happened last year. We kind of did a reset, I think we've proven to our customer base that we understand they're incredibly important to us, and it's our job to help them be more profitable and open up doors for them to be successful because their success is ultimately ours.

Speaker #2: And all that just made us more vulnerable, at some point, that some business was going to get moved away. And that's what happened last year.

Speaker #2: And we kind of did a reset. And I think we've—I think we've proven to our customer base that we understand they're incredibly important to us.

Speaker #2: And it's our job to help them be more profitable and open up doors for them to be successful, because their success is ultimately ours.

Speaker #2: And, but we had signaled that near the end of last year, and now it's just being put into action.

Leroy Ball: We had signaled that near the end of last year, and, you know, now it's, you know, it's just being put into action.

Speaker #5: Okay. Excellent. Thanks for the information. And good luck in the coming quarter.

Michael Mathison: Okay, excellent. Thanks for the information and good luck in the coming quarter.

Leroy Ball: You are very welcome. Thank you.

Speaker #2: You're welcome. Thank you.

Speaker #3: The final question will come from Jim Morone with Singular Research. Please go ahead.

Operator 2: The final question will come from Jim Morone with Singular Research. Please go ahead.

Operator: The final question will come from Jim Morone with Singular Research. Please go ahead.

Speaker #4: Yeah. Great. Good afternoon, gentlemen. My question is just with—yep. My question is just with regards to all this volatility with regards to commodity markets, inflationary pressure.

Jim Morone: Yeah, great. Good afternoon, gentlemen.

Jim Marrone: Yeah, great. Good afternoon, gentlemen.

Leroy Ball: Good afternoon.

Jim Morone: Yep. My question is just with regards to all this volatility with regards to commodity markets, inflationary pressure. You know, what are you getting the sense of from with regards to your competitors? Is there, you know, a lot of tailwinds with regards to them or headwinds? In other words, are you finding any M&A activity opportunities as a result of all this volatility in the markets?

Jim Marrone: Yep. My question is just with regards to all this volatility with regards to commodity markets, inflationary pressure. You know, what are you getting the sense of from with regards to your competitors? Is there, you know, a lot of tailwinds with regards to them or headwinds? In other words, are you finding any M&A activity opportunities as a result of all this volatility in the markets?

Speaker #4: Are you—what are you getting the sense of from, with regards to your competitors? Is there a lot of tailwinds with regards to them, or headwinds?

Speaker #4: In other words, are you finding any M&A activity opportunities as a result of all this volatility in the markets?

Leroy Ball: Yeah. Yeah. That's a good question. That's a good question. I, you know, look, three of our four businesses, we hold such significant share that, you know, any sort of M&A consolidation activities, for us in those, in those businesses are, are really unlikely, you know, from an antitrust standpoint. It, you know, doesn't really matter at the end of the day, as it relates to RPS and for the most part, PC, certainly in North America, as well as CM&C. UIP is a different animal and certainly, we would have much more flexibility in terms of M&A in that space.

Speaker #2: Yeah. That's a good question. That's a good question. Look, three of our four businesses, we hold such significant share that any sort of M&A consolidation activities for us in those businesses are really unlikely from an anti-trust standpoint.

Speaker #2: So, it doesn't really matter at the end of the day, as it relates to RPS and, for the most part, PC—certainly in North America—as well as CM&C.

Speaker #2: UIP is a different animal. And certainly, we would have much more flexibility in terms of M&A in that space. We continue to keep up our relationships and have our conversations and see where they go.

Leroy Ball: We continue to, you know, to keep up our relationships and have our conversations and see where they go. You know, I know there's a lot of companies and, you know, certainly on the smaller end that are feeling the pinch. You know, there's nothing that we have to report at this moment as it relates to that. We continue to keep monitoring, keep our eyes on it. You know, if something pops up, obviously we'll be looking to evaluate it. If it makes sense, we'll do it. If it doesn't, we'll pass and go on from there. It's really only one business where we have that sort of opportunity as it relates to the core business, and that's in the UIP side.

Speaker #2: I know there's a lot of companies, and certainly on the smaller end, that are feeling the pinch. But there's nothing that we have to report at this moment as it relates to that.

Speaker #2: We continue to keep monitoring and keep our eyes on it. And if something pops up, obviously, we'll be looking to evaluate it. And if it makes sense, we'll do it.

Speaker #2: And if it doesn't, we'll pass and go on from there. But it's really only one business where we have that sort of opportunity as it relates to the core business on the UIP side.

Speaker #4: Thank you very much for that insight.

Jim Morone: Thank you very much for that insight.

Jim Marrone: Thank you very much for that insight.

Speaker #2: Yeah, you're very welcome. Thank you.

Leroy Ball: Yeah, you're very welcome. Thank you.

Speaker #3: This concludes our question-and-answer session. I would like to turn the conference back over to CEO Leroy Ball for any closing remarks.

Operator 2: This concludes our question and answer session. I would like to turn the conference back over to CEO, Leroy Ball, for any closing remarks.

Operator: This concludes our question and answer session. I would like to turn the conference back over to CEO, Leroy Ball, for any closing remarks.

Speaker #2: Yeah, so thank you. I really appreciate, again, everybody's patience and hanging in. It's been a tough, hard-fought last year. But the company, again, and our team continues to do an amazing job keeping their fellow teammates safe, keeping everybody focused on the bigger goals at hand.

Leroy Ball: Yeah. Thank you. I really appreciate, again, everybody's patience in hanging in. It's been a tough, hard-fought last year. The company, again, and our team continues to do an amazing job keeping their fellow teammates safe, keeping everybody focused on the bigger goals at hand. While again, today's unfortunate and painful chapter in our history, from a people standpoint, for shareholders, it's clearly a win. We're seeing that reflected in the market today. We look forward to continuing to execute on our plans and updating you on them in the future. Thank you everybody, for tuning in today.

Speaker #2: And, well, again, today’s an unfortunate and painful chapter in our history from a people standpoint. For shareholders, it’s clearly a win, and we’re seeing that reflected in the market today.

Speaker #2: We look forward to continuing to execute on our plans and updating you on them in the future. But thank you, everybody, for tuning in today.

Operator 2: The conference has now concluded. Thank you for attending today's presentation. You may now disconnect.

Operator: The conference has now concluded. Thank you for attending today's presentation. You may now disconnect.