Q1 2026 Quantum Computing Inc Earnings Call

May 11, 2026

Operator: Ladies and gentlemen, greetings and welcome to the Quantum Computing Inc. Q1 2026 Shareholder Update Call. At this time, all participants are in a listen-only mode. If anyone should require operator assistance during the conference, please press star zero on your telephone keypad. Following management's remarks, the call line will open for questions. It is now my pleasure to introduce your host, John Nesbett, with IMS Investor Relations.

Speaker #3: If anyone should require operator assistance during the conference, please press star zero on your telephone keypad. Following management's remarks, the call line will open.

Speaker #3: For questions, it is now my pleasure to introduce your host, John Nesbeth with IMS Investor Relations.

Speaker #2: Thank you, and I want to welcome everyone to the Quantum Computing Inc. first quarter 2026 shareholder update call. Before we begin, please note that today's remarks may include forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, including statements regarding expected strategy and market opportunities.

John Nesbett: Thank you, and I want to welcome everyone to the Quantum Computing Inc. Q1 2026 shareholder update call. Before we begin, please note that today's remarks may include forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, including statements regarding expected results, operational plans, strategy, and market opportunities. These statements are made pursuant to the Safe Harbor provisions of Section 27A of the Securities Act and Section 21E of the Exchange Act, and are based on current assumptions and expectations. Forward-looking statements are neither promises nor guarantees, and involve risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially. Important factors are discussed in our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended 31 December 2025, and in subsequent SEC filings, including the quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended 31 March 2026.

Speaker #2: These statements are made pursuant to the Safe Harbor provisions of section 27A of the Securities Act and Exchange Act and are based on current Forward-looking statements are neither promises nor guarantees and involve risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially.

John Nesbett: These statements are made pursuant to the Safe Harbor provisions of Section 27A of the Securities Act and Section 21E of the Exchange Act, and are based on current assumptions and expectations. Forward-looking statements are neither promises nor guarantees, and involve risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially.

Speaker #2: Important factors are discussed and are annual report on Form 10-K for the year-end in December 31, 2025, and in subsequent SEC filings, including the quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2026.

John Nesbett: Important factors are discussed in our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended 31 December 2025, and in subsequent SEC filings, including the quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended 31 March 2026.

Speaker #2: We undertake no obligation to update these statements, except as required by law. On the call today, we have Dr. Yuping Huang, Chief Executive Officer and Chairman, and Chris Roberts, Chief Financial Officer.

John Nesbett: We undertake no obligation to update these statements except as required by law. On the call today, we have Dr. Yuping Huang, Chief Executive Officer and Chairman, and Chris Roberts, Chief Financial Officer. The team will provide an update on the business, followed by a question and answer session. With that, I would now like to turn the call over to management. Please go ahead, Yuping.

Speaker #2: The team will provide an update on the business, followed by a question-and-answer session. With that, I would now like to turn the call over to management.

Speaker #2: Please go ahead, Yuping.

Speaker #3: Good afternoon, and thank you for joining us for Quantum Computing Inc.'s first quarter 2026 earnings call. We made meaningful progress in the first quarter of 2026, executing our strategic initiatives and furthering our mission of delivering accessible, scalable, and cost-effective quantum machines and photonic solutions for practical use across high-growth markets that include high-performance computing, artificial intelligence, cybersecurity, aerospace and defense, and advanced sensing and imaging.

Yuping Huang: Good afternoon. Thank you for joining us for Quantum Computing Inc.'s Q1 2026 earnings call. We made a meaningful progress in Q1 2026, executing on our strategic initiatives and furthering our mission of delivering accessible, scalable, and cost-effective quantum machines and photonic solutions for practical use across high-growth market that include high performance computing, artificial intelligence, cybersecurity, aerospace and defense, and advanced sensing and imaging. We completed two key transactions during the quarter, closing the acquisitions of Luminar Semiconductor, Inc. and NuCrypt, LLC. Luminar Semiconductor, which I will refer to as LSI going forward, represents a significant milestone in QCi's strategy to build a vertically integrated product-driven photonics and a quantum technology platform.

Speaker #3: We completed two key closings: the acquisitions of Lumina Semiconductor, Inc. and Nuclear LLC. Lumina Semiconductor, which I will refer to as LSI going forward, represents a significant milestone in QSI's strategy to build a vertically integrated, product-driven photonics and quantum technology platform.

Yuping Huang: We completed two key transactions during the quarter, closing the acquisitions of Luminar Semiconductor, Inc. and NuCrypt, LLC. Luminar Semiconductor, which I will refer to as LSI going forward, represents a significant milestone in QCi's strategy to build a vertically integrated product-driven photonics and a quantum technology platform.

Speaker #3: LSI brings established capabilities in lasers, detectors, advanced packaging, and testing. It has a strong photonics customer base and has a broad R&D and manufacturing capabilities that we believe strengthen our ability to move from small batch to higher volume production.

Yuping Huang: LSI brings established capabilities in lasers, detectors, advanced packaging and testing, has a strong photonics customer base, and has a broad R&D and manufacturing capabilities that we believe strengthens our ability to move from small batch to higher volume production. Included in LSI's portfolio are three key subsidiaries. The first is Freedom Photonics. Freedom Photonics is a leading-edge R&D and manufacturing facility that provides unique photonic components, modules and systems, and is recognized for world-class semiconductor laser technology with approximately 25 issued and pending patents. The second is EM4. EM4 is a class 10,000 certified humidity-controlled clean room facility and a leading provider of subsystem design and manufacturing, offering comprehensive photonic and fiber optical module solutions. The EM4 facility is a major supplier to several U.S. government programs and European defense and space markets.

Speaker #3: Included in LSI's portfolio are three key subsidiaries: the first is Freedom Photonics. Freedom Photonics is a leading-edge R&D and manufacturing facility

Yuping Huang: The first is Freedom Photonics. Freedom Photonics is a leading-edge R&D and manufacturing facility that provides unique photonic components, modules and systems, and is recognized for world-class semiconductor laser technology with approximately 25 issued and pending patents.

Speaker #3: That provides unique photonic assumptions and expectations: components, modules, and systems. And it is recognized for world-class semiconductor laser technology, with approximately 25 issued and pending patents.

Speaker #3: The second is EM4. EM4 is a Class 10,035 humidity-controlled cleanroom facility and a leading provider of subsystem design and manufacturing, offering comprehensive photonic and fiber optical module solutions.

Yuping Huang: The second is EM4. EM4 is a class 10,000 certified humidity-controlled clean room facility and a leading provider of subsystem design and manufacturing, offering comprehensive photonic and fiber optical module solutions. The EM4 facility is a major supplier to several U.S. government programs and European defense and space markets.

Speaker #3: The EM4 facility is a major supplier to several U.S. government programs and European defense and space markets. And finally, Optogration. It has a chip manufacturing facility and a device assembly and testing facility specialized in design, assembling, testing, and low-volume component production.

Yuping Huang: Finally, Optogration has a chip manufacturing facility and a device assembly, and a testing facility specialized in design, assembling, testing, and low volume component production. We are currently integrating LSI, and we're excited to onboard their experienced team of operators, engineers, and scientists to expand our depth of talent and execution capacity. We're focused on serving and expanding LSI's existing client base and utilizing their technology and the products to drive quantum commercialization in our target markets. The second acquisition completed in the quarter is NuCrypt. NuCrypt's primary patent portfolio spans quantum optics, RF photonics, and photonic signal processing, which can generate, measure, and distribute entangled photons over fiber optical cables. Organizations such as NASA, the U.S. Army Research Lab, and major global research universities, and customers have used NuCrypt's technology.

Speaker #3: We are currently integrating LSI, and we are excited to onboard their experienced team of operators, engineers, and scientists to expand our depth of talent and execution capacity.

Speaker #3: We are focused on serving and expanding LSI's existing client base and utilizing their technology and products to drive quantum commercialization in our target markets.

Speaker #3: The second acquisition completed in the quarter is Nuclear. Nuclear's primary patent portfolio spans quantum optics, RF photonics, and photonic signal processing. Which can generate, measure, and dispute entangled photons over fiber optical cables.

Yuping Huang: The second acquisition completed in the quarter is NuCrypt. NuCrypt's primary patent portfolio spans quantum optics, RF photonics, and photonic signal processing, which can generate, measure, and distribute entangled photons over fiber optical cables. Organizations such as NASA, the U.S. Army Research Lab, and major global research universities, and customers have used NuCrypt's technology.

Speaker #3: Organizations such as NASA, the U.S. Army Research Lab, and major global research universities and customers have used Nuclear's technology. Nuclear's suite of quantum communication systems and products will enable us to further advance our technology roadmap while fostering our product and solutions portfolio with a goal of further improving the performance, robustness, and scalability of our technology.

Yuping Huang: NuCrypt's suite of quantum communications systems and product will enable us to further advance our technology roadmap while fostering our product and solutions portfolio with the goal of further improving the performance, robustness, and scalability of our technology. We announced a key partnership with Quantum Corridor, which placed a QCi Dirac-3 quantum optimization machine on Quantum Corridor's network, an interstate quantum-safe commercial communication network in North America. The optimization machine is intended to provide enhanced secure and on-demand Dirac access for institutions and commercial customers on Quantum Corridor's Network. We believe this is the first data center installation of a Dirac machine and the first installation of its kind in a commercial data center environment.

Speaker #3: We announced a key partnership with Quantum Corridor, which placed a QSI Direct3 quantum optimization machine on Quantum Corridor's network. An interstate quantum-safe commercial communication network in North America.

Speaker #3: The optimization machine is intended to provide enhanced, secure, and on-demand Direct3 access for institutions and commercial customers on Quantum Corridor's network. We believe this is the first data center installation of a Direct3 machine, and the first installation of its kind in a commercial data center environment.

Yuping Huang: The optimization machine is intended to provide enhanced secure and on-demand Dirac access for institutions and commercial customers on Quantum Corridor's Network. We believe this is the first data center installation of a Dirac machine and the first installation of its kind in a commercial data center environment.

Speaker #3: This collaboration marked a significant step forward in our commercial deployment strategy, expanding practical access to a quantum infrastructure for both academic and enterprise users, and reflecting our commercial strategy to make high-performance quantum solutions readily available in IT ecosystems.

Yuping Huang: This collaboration marked a significant step forward in our commercial deployment strategy, expanding practical access to a quantum infrastructure for both academic and enterprise users, and reflecting our commercial strategy to make high-performance quantum solutions readily available in IT ecosystems. On the Foundry front, our chief flagship R&D and manufacturing facility in Tempe, Arizona, also known as our Fab One, has been ramping up small batch manufacturing. The Foundry's capabilities include nanofabrication and inspection, multiphysics simulation, in-house design and dicing, and prototyping packaging. While the facility has begun generating early revenue, it's important to know that its primary use is as a research and development facility. We are actively in the planning phase and assessing options for a Fab Two facility, a second much larger foundry which can support higher volume production to extend our long-term manufacturing capacity and enable widespread deployment of quantum-powered hardware.

Speaker #3: On the foundry front, our Tiefland chip R&D and manufacturing facility in Tempe, Arizona, also known as our Fab 1, has been ramping up small-batch manufacturing.

Yuping Huang: On the Foundry front, our chief flagship R&D and manufacturing facility in Tempe, Arizona, also known as our Fab One, has been ramping up small batch manufacturing. The Foundry's capabilities include nanofabrication and inspection, multiphysics simulation, in-house design and dicing, and prototyping packaging. While the facility has begun generating early revenue, it's important to know that its primary use is as a research and development facility.

Speaker #3: The foundry's capabilities include nanofabrication and inspection, multiphysics simulation, in-house design and dicing, and prototyping packaging. While the facility has begun generating early revenue, it's important to know that its primary use is as a research and development facility.

Speaker #3: We are actively in the planning phase and assessing options for a Fab 2 facility. A second much larger foundry which can support higher volume production to extend our long-term manufacturing capacity and enable widespread deployment of quantum-powered hardware.

Yuping Huang: We are actively in the planning phase and assessing options for a Fab Two facility, a second much larger foundry which can support higher volume production to extend our long-term manufacturing capacity and enable widespread deployment of quantum-powered hardware.

Speaker #3: It is our intent that Fab 2 facility will be where quantum manufacturing becomes scalable. We look forward to keeping you apprised concerning our Fab 2 strategy and the timelines as it progresses.

Yuping Huang: It is our intent that Fab Two facility will be where quantum manufacturing becomes scalable. We look forward to keeping you apprised concerning our Fab Two strategy and timelines as it progresses. We have made progress on our technology roadmap as we work toward our commercial strategy of bringing quantum products to a broad market by evolving from a technology innovator into a full-scale manufacturer capable of delivering quantum-enabled systems at industry scale. It is becoming increasingly clear that we are well-positioned in the marketplace. We believe we have strong quantum optics and integrated photonics foundation that enables affordable and deployable quantum hardware. By focusing on quantum photonics, our technology has the ability to operate at room temperature, dramatically reducing system footprint, complexity, cost, and power requirements.

Speaker #3: We have made progress on our technology roadmap as we work toward our commercial strategy of bringing quantum products to a broad market. By evolving from a technology innovator into a full-scale manufacturer capable of delivering quantum-enabled systems at industry scale.

Speaker #3: It is becoming increasingly clear that we are well positioned in the marketplace. We believe we have a strong quantum optics and integrated photonics foundation that enables affordable and deployable quantum hardware.

Yuping Huang: It is becoming increasingly clear that we are well-positioned in the marketplace. We believe we have strong quantum optics and integrated photonics foundation that enables affordable and deployable quantum hardware. By focusing on quantum photonics, our technology has the ability to operate at room temperature, dramatically reducing system footprint, complexity, cost, and power requirements.

Speaker #3: By focusing on quantum photonics, our technology has the ability to operate at room temperature, dramatically reducing system footprint, complexity, cost, and power requirements. We are following a strategy focused on manufacturing built for scale as we further refine our Fab 1 facility and advance planning on Fab 2.

Yuping Huang: We're following a strategy focused on manufacturing built for scale as we further refine our Fab One facility and advance planning on Fab Two. Finally, we believe we are getting traction across strategic partnerships and government collaboration. Our guiding principles of practicality first, scalability by design, accessibility for all, and innovation with a purpose remain at the core of everything we do as we build the future of quantum for everyone. I will now turn the call over to Christopher Roberts, our Chief Financial Officer, to discuss our Q1 2026 financials.

Speaker #3: And finally, we believe we are getting traction across strategic partnerships and government collaboration. Our guiding principles of practicality first, scalability by design, accessibility for all, and innovation with a purpose remain at the core of everything we do as we build the future of quantum for everyone.

Yuping Huang: Our guiding principles of practicality first, scalability by design, accessibility for all, and innovation with a purpose remain at the core of everything we do as we build the future of quantum for everyone. I will now turn the call over to Christopher Roberts, our Chief Financial Officer, to discuss our Q1 2026 financials.

Speaker #3: I will now turn the call over to Chris Roberts, our Chief Financial Officer, to discuss our first quarter 2026 financials.

Speaker #4: Thank you, Yuping. I'm pleased to announce that revenue for the first quarter totaled $3.7 million, compared to $39,000 in the prior year quarter. The year-over-year increase in revenue was driven primarily by the acquisition of Luminar Semiconductor in early February and, to a lesser extent, revenue from the acquisition of Nucrypt in early March.

Christopher Roberts: Thank you, Yuping. I'm pleased to announce that revenue for Q1 totaled $3.7 million, compared to $39,000 in the prior year quarter. The year-over-year increase in revenue was driven primarily by the acquisition of Luminar Semiconductor in early February, and to a lesser extent, revenue from the acquisition of NuCrypt in early March. Excluding the LSI and NuCrypt contributions, QCi revenue for Q1 totaled $204,000, consisting primarily of deliveries of foundry orders and work on an R&D subcontract for NASA. Operating expenses for Q1 totaled $19.8 million, compared to $8.3 million in the same quarter last year. The increase in operating expenses was due to a substantial increase in staff, including administrative technicians, engineering, and scientific, which resulted in increased R&D expenses, product development, and sales and marketing expenses.

Speaker #4: Excluding the LSI and Nucrypt contributions, QCI revenue for the first quarter totaled $204,000, consisting primarily of deliveries of foundry orders and work on an R&D subcontract for NASA.

Speaker #4: Operating expenses for the first quarter totaled $19.8 million, compared to $8.3 million in the same quarter last year. The increase in operating expenses was due to a substantial increase in staff, including administrative, technicians, engineering, and scientific, which resulted in increased R&D expenses, product development, and sales and marketing expenses.

Christopher Roberts: Operating expenses for Q1 totaled $19.8 million, compared to $8.3 million in the same quarter last year. The increase in operating expenses was due to a substantial increase in staff, including administrative technicians, engineering, and scientific, which resulted in increased R&D expenses, product development, and sales and marketing expenses.

Speaker #4: Sales and marketing expenses for the quarter were $1.6 million, compared to $0.7 million in the prior year. The increase was primarily a result of employee compensation costs, customer lead generation activities, trade show participation, advertising, and other marketing and selling costs.

Christopher Roberts: Sales and marketing expenses for the quarter were $1.6 million, compared to $0.7 million in the prior year, increasing primarily as a result of employee compensation costs, customer lead generation activities, trade show participation, advertising, and other marketing and selling costs. General and administrative expenses for the quarter were $11.3 million, compared to $4.6 million in the prior year, increasing primarily due to substantial M&A transaction expenses in the quarter for the NuCrypt and LSI transactions.

Speaker #4: General and administrative expenses for the quarter were $11.3 million, compared to $4.6 million in the prior year. Increasing primarily due to substantial M&A transaction expenses in the quarter for the Nucrypt and LSI transactions.

Speaker #4: We reported a net loss of $4.1 million for the first quarter or $0.02 per share, compared to net income of $17 million in the first quarter of 2025 or $0.13 per share.

Christopher Roberts: We reported a net loss of $4.1 million for Q1, or $0.02 per share, compared to net income of $17 million in Q1 2025 or $0.13 per share. To put this change in the proper context, as previously reported, the $17 million net income in Q1 2025 was primarily attributable to a $23.6 million non-cash gain on the mark-to-market of the company's derivative liability, which relates to warrants issued for our merger with QPhoton in June 2022. Our balance sheet continues to be strong. We reported cash equivalents and investments of $1.4 billion at 31 March 2026, compared to $1.5 billion at 31 December 2025.

Speaker #4: To put this change in the proper context, as previously reported, the $17 million net income in the first quarter of 2025 was primarily attributable to a 23.6 million non-cash gain on the mark-to-market of the company's derivative liability, which relates to warrants issued for our merger with Q Photon in June of 2022.

Speaker #4: Our balance sheet continues to be strong. We reported cash, cash equivalents, and investments of $1.4 billion at March 31, 2026, compared to $1.5 billion at December 31, 2025.

Christopher Roberts: Our balance sheet continues to be strong. We reported cash equivalents and investments of $1.4 billion at 31 March 2026, compared to $1.5 billion at 31 December 2025.

Speaker #4: Interest income in the first quarter of '26 was $13.5 million, up from $1.7 million in the prior-year period. At March 31, 2026, total assets were $1.6 billion, relatively unchanged compared to December 31, 2025.

Christopher Roberts: Interest income in the Q1 of 2026 was $13.5 million, up from $1.7 million in the prior year period. At 31 March 2026, total assets were $1.6 billion, relatively unchanged compared to 31 December 2025. Stockholders' equity was also $1.6 billion at 31 March 2026. Again, essentially unchanged compared to year-end 2025. Our contract backlog as of 31 March was strong at $16 million. Now I'll turn the call back over to you, Ping.

Speaker #4: Stockholders' equity was also $1.6 billion at March 31, 2026, again essentially unchanged compared to year-end 2025. Our contract backlog as of March 31 was strong at $16 million.

Speaker #4: And now I'll turn the call back over to Yuping.

Speaker #5: Thank you, Chris. As we move through the remainder of the year, we are intently focused on investing in our team across engineering, research, and production, converting a growing pipeline of commercial and government engagement into recurrent revenue.

Yuping Huang: Thank you, Chris. As we move through the remainder of the year, we are intensely focused on investing in our team across engineering, research, and production, converting a growing pipeline of commercial and government engagement into recurrent revenue, strengthening our fabrication capabilities, and executing on both organic and inorganic growth opportunities to drive long-term value creation. We have a very strong balance sheet and a healthy backlog, and we are energized by the path in front of us as we continue advancing our mission of putting quantum-enabled solutions into the hands of people. As always, thank you for your ongoing support. We look forward to keeping you apprised of our progress as we continue to move through the year. With that, we will now open the call for the questions. Operator, please go ahead.

Speaker #5: Strengthening our fabrication capabilities and executing on both organic and inorganic growth opportunities to drive long-term value creation. We have a very strong balance sheet and healthy backlog, and we are energized by the path in front of us as we continue advancing our mission of putting quantum-enabled solutions into the hands of people.

Yuping Huang: We have a very strong balance sheet and a healthy backlog, and we are energized by the path in front of us as we continue advancing our mission of putting quantum-enabled solutions into the hands of people. As always, thank you for your ongoing support. We look forward to keeping you apprised of our progress as we continue to move through the year. With that, we will now open the call for the questions. Operator, please go ahead.

Speaker #5: As always, thank you for your ongoing support. We look forward to keeping you apprised of our progress as we continue to move through the year.

Speaker #5: With that, we will now open the call for the questions. Operator, please go ahead.

Speaker #6: Thank you. At this time, we'll be conducting a question-and-answer session. If you would like to ask a question, please press star 1 on your telephone keypad.

Operator: Thank you. At this time, we will be conducting a question and answer session. If you would like to ask a question, please press star one on your telephone keypad. A confirmation tone will indicate your line is in the question queue. You may press star two if you would like to remove your question from the queue. For participants using speaker equipment, it may be necessary to pick up your handset before pressing the star keys. One moment, please, while we pull for questions. The first question today is coming from John McPeake from Rosenblatt Securities. John, your line is live.

Speaker #6: A confirmation tone will indicate your line is in the question queue. You may press star 2 if you would like to remove your question from the queue.

Speaker #6: For participants using speaker equipment, it may be necessary to pick up your handset before pressing the star keys. One moment, questions. And the first question today is coming from John McPeak from Rosenblatt Securities.

Speaker #6: John, your line is live.

Speaker #7: Oh, thank you. And congrats on completing the acquisitions, Chris and Yuping. Thank you, John. One question kind of forks into two. Where are we with the R&D effort on the next Iraq and then also your gate-based quantum computer?

John McPeake: Oh, thank you. Congrats on completing the acquisitions, Chris and Yuping.

Yuping Huang: Thank you. Thank you, John.

John McPeake: One question kinda forks into two. Where are we with the R&D effort on the next Dirac and then also your gate-based quantum computer? Maybe you could just talk a little bit about that, Yuping.

Speaker #7: Maybe you could just talk a little bit about that, Yuping.

Speaker #6: Yep. We have made very good good progress on the next version of the Iraq machine. In fact, we are in the phase of internal testing and, in fact, every day.

Yuping Huang: Yep. We have made very good progress on the next version of the Dirac machine. In fact, we are in the phase of internal testing, and, in fact, every day. When I come to the lab, people are telling me some exciting new results. I hope that we will be able to complete the last steps and put this in front of some early users. This is on the Dirac machines. For the gate-based, we are making good progress on two fronts. One front is that we continue our engineering designs so that we can push up our gate fidelity on the theoretical front.

Speaker #6: So when it comes to the lab, people are telling me some exciting new results. I hope that we will be able to complete the last steps and put this in front of some early users.

Speaker #6: This is on the Iraq machines. For the gate-based good progress on two fronts. One front is that we are continuing our engineering designs so that we can push up our gate fidelity on the theoretical front.

Speaker #6: And now, as we talked before, John, so we actually have spent quite a few years on this. And we believe that we figured everything out on the theoretical and engineering side to construct gate-based machine.

Yuping Huang: Now, as we talked before, John, we actually have spent quite a few years on this, and we believe that we figured everything out on the theoretical and engineering side to construct gate-based machine. On the other hand, to realize photon-photon interaction gates, it's crucial for us to get extremely high quality photonic circuits in thin-film lithium niobate based on our patent technology. On the fab side, we have made good progress in optimizing our recipe so that we can meet those very high requirements for the photons to interact strongly with each other.

Speaker #6: On the other hand, to realize photon-photon interaction gates is crucial for us to get extremely high-quality photonic circuits in thin-film lithium niobate. Based on our patent technology.

Yuping Huang: On the other hand, to realize photon-photon interaction gates, it's crucial for us to get extremely high quality photonic circuits in thin-film lithium niobate based on our patent technology. On the fab side, we have made good progress in optimizing our recipe so that we can meet those very high requirements for the photons to interact strongly with each other.

Speaker #6: So, on the fab side, we have made good progress in optimizing our recipe so that we can meet those very high requirements for the photons to interact strongly with each other.

Speaker #6: So yeah, on the gate-based machines, we have made good progress, but there is still some way for us some way ahead of us for us to test our prototypes.

Yuping Huang: yeah, on the gate-based machines, we have made good progress, but there is still some way for us, some way ahead of us for us to test our prototypes. We have not started to make the prototypes yet. Instead, we are testing our photonic integrated circuits at this time.

Speaker #6: We have not started to make the prototypes yet. Instead, we are testing our photonic integrated circuits at this time.

Speaker #5: Well, that modality looks like it's the other companies that are attempting to produce gate-based photonic computers. They're talking a fair ways out, right? Because of the technology issues you're talking about.

John McPeake: Well, that modality looks like it's the other companies that are attempting to produce a gate-based photonic computers. You know, they're talking a fair ways out, right, because of the technology issues you're talking about? Do you feel like you'll be in the mix when other companies are starting to deliver theirs?

Speaker #5: Do you feel like you'll be in the mix when other companies are starting to deliver theirs?

Yuping Huang: Let me put it.

Speaker #6: Let me put it.

John McPeake: That's sort of 2029. Yeah. Yeah, go ahead.

Speaker #5: Yeah, go ahead.

Yuping Huang: Let me put it this way, John. We chose our gate-based approach to be scalable. Instead of trying to demonstrate some proof of concept, from the very beginning, we have designed our gate-based machines so that once we can test the principle on the prototype, we can quickly scale up in terms both of the gate circuit depth and the number of qubits. Right now, we are looking at overcoming the last or final hurdle on the engineering side. With that overcome, we should be able to quickly ramp up.

Speaker #6: Let me put it this way, John. So, we chose our gate-based approach to be scalable. Instead of trying to demonstrate some proof of concept, from the very beginning, we have designed our gate-based machines so that, once we can test the principle on the prototype, we can quickly scale up in terms of both the gate circuit depth and the number of qubits.

Speaker #6: So, right now, we are looking at overcoming the last final hurdle on the engineering side. And with that overcome, we should be able to quickly ramp up.

Speaker #6: So this is why, although we started relatively later than some other players on this gate-based machine, I'm confident that as we figure out the final steps of engineering, we can quickly catch up.

Yuping Huang: This is why although we started relatively later than some other players on this gate-based machine, but I'm confident that as we figure out the final steps of engineering, so we can quickly catch up.

Speaker #6: And remember that the advantage of our approach is that it's very scalable, it runs at room temperature, and everything is cheaply integrated.

John McPeake: Right

Yuping Huang: Remember that the advantage of our approach is that it's very scalable and it runs at room temperature, and everything is chip integrated.

Speaker #7: All right. Well, I look forward to hearing more in the future. Thank you. I'll get back in the queue.

John McPeake: All right. Well, I look forward to hearing more in the future. Thank you. I'll get back in the queue.

Speaker #6: Thank you, John.

Yuping Huang: Thank you, John.

Speaker #8: Thank you. The next question is coming from Max Michaelis from Lakestree Capital. Max, your line is live.

Operator: Thank you. The next question is coming from Maxwell Michaelis from Lake Street Capital Markets. Maxwell, your line is live.

Speaker #9: Hey, guys. Thanks for taking my questions—just a few. Thanks for sharing some of the data around backlogs. That was $16 million at the end of the quarter.

Maxwell Michaelis: Hey, guys. Thanks for taking my questions. Just a few. Thanks for sharing some of the data around backlogs. That was $16 million at the end of the quarter. Is there any way you can give us sort of any insight on how that's trended now that we're a little deeper into Q2? I know you guys aren't giving specific guidance, maybe a little bit help on how that backlog's trended throughout the past couple weeks.

Speaker #9: Is there any way you can give us sort of any insight on how that's trended now that we're a little deeper into Q2? I know you guys aren't giving specific guidance, but maybe a little bit help on how that backlog's trended throughout the past couple of weeks.

Speaker #8: Well, what we're finding, Max, is that the customer community is very pleased with the combination of the companies. Some of the risks that were associated with the Luminar bankruptcy have dissipated.

Christopher Roberts: Well, what we're finding, Maxwell, is that the customer community is very pleased with the combination of the companies. Some of the risks that was associated with the Luminar bankruptcy has dissipated. There's nothing I can specifically announce today. What I will say is that we are seeing a pickup in our business development activity in the pipeline, and I think we'll have a lot more going forward. Yes, the reaction of the market has been positive, and our sales activity reflects that.

Speaker #8: We are pursuing a lot of nothing I can there's nothing I can specifically announce today. But what I will say is that we are seeing a pickup in our business development activity and the pipeline.

Speaker #8: And I think we'll have a lot more going forward. But yes, the reaction of the market has been positive. And our sales activity reflects that.

Speaker #9: Awesome. And then last one from me. So Luminar and then NuCrypt were the two acquisitions. Give us an idea on what some of the areas you guys are probably headed towards next.

Maxwell Michaelis: Awesome. Last one from me. Luminar and NuCrypt were the two acquisitions.

Christopher Roberts: Yes

Maxwell Michaelis: give us an idea on what some of the areas you guys are probably headed towards next. You probably can't share a lot, but give us sort of an idea on what's kinda at the top of mind for you guys in terms of importance in filling out your platform.

Speaker #9: You probably can't share a lot, but give us sort of an idea on what's kind of at the top of mind for you guys in terms of importance and filling out your platform.

Yuping Huang: Yeah, I can answer this question, Max. I have announced that over the next few years, we focus on transition from a tech innovation company to a volume production company. We have been very happy with the acquisition of Luminar Semi and NuCrypt. They really enhanced our depth and also the breadth of the technology engineering and the manufacturing capabilities. Going forward, we will continue to execute our roadmap as we published on our website last year. We are looking to execute our Fab 2 plan. I did make a promise that we will get our Fab 2 started, and this is what we're focusing on now. It looks like we have some pretty exciting development on that front as well.

Speaker #6: Yeah. I can answer this question, Max. I have announced that over the next few years, we focus on transition from a tech innovation company to volume production company.

Speaker #6: So, we have been very happy with the acquisition of Luminar Semi. And then NuCrypt—they really enhanced our depth, and also the breadth of the technology, engineering, and the manufacturing.

Speaker #6: Capabilities. Going forward, so we will continue to execute our roadmap as we publish our website last year. So we are looking to execute our Fab II plan.

Yuping Huang: Going forward, we will continue to execute our roadmap as we published on our website last year. We are looking to execute our Fab 2 plan. I did make a promise that we will get our Fab 2 started, and this is what we're focusing on now. It looks like we have some pretty exciting development on that front as well.

Speaker #6: And I did make a promise that we will get our Fab II started and this is what we are focusing on now. And it looks like we have some pretty exciting development on that front as well.

Speaker #6: So we hope to keep the community updated on that as we make progress.

Yuping Huang: We hope to keep the community updated on that as we make progress.

Speaker #9: All right. Thanks, guys.

Maxwell Michaelis: All right. Thanks, guys. Thank you, Max.

Maxwell Michaelis: All right. Thanks, guys.

Yuping Huang: Thank you, Max.

Speaker #6: Thank you, Max.

Speaker #8: And once again, it will be *star one* on your phone at any time if you wish to ask a question today. And the next question is coming from Antoine Legault from Wedbush Securities.

Operator: Once again, it will be star one on your phone at any time if you wish to ask a question today. The next question is coming from Antoine Legault from Wedbush Securities. Antoine, your line is live.

Speaker #8: Antoine, your line is live.

Speaker #9: Thank you. And thanks for taking my questions and to add on to what Max was asking about LSI and NuCrypt. And just on those ose integrations, you mentioned the these companies are bringing established capabilities in laser detectors, advanced packaging, broad R&D, manufacturing capabilities.

Antoine Legault: Thank you, and thanks for taking my questions. To add on to what Max was asking about LSI and NuCrypt, you know, just on those integrations, you mentioned these companies will bring established capabilities and lasers, detectors, advanced packaging, and broad R&D manufacturing capabilities. You know, can you give us a sense of the financial synergies and, more importantly, I guess, the technical synergies that you expect to realize with these two recent acquisitions? Just how are the integrations coming along? If you can share a bit more on that. Thank you.

Speaker #9: Can you give us a sense of the financial synergies, and more importantly, I guess, the technical synergies that you expect to realize with these two recent acquisitions?

Antoine Legault: You know, can you give us a sense of the financial synergies and, more importantly, I guess, the technical synergies that you expect to realize with these two recent acquisitions? Just how are the integrations coming along? If you can share a bit more on that. Thank you.

Speaker #9: And just how are the integrations coming along? If you can share a bit more on that. Thank you.

Yuping Huang: Sure. Let me answer the question on the tech synergy, and Chris can answer the financial synergy.

Speaker #6: Sure. Let me answer the question on the tech synergy, and Chris can answer the financial synergy. So, on the tech side, as we discussed in the past, our goal is to develop complete quantum products and solutions.

Yuping Huang: Sure. Let me answer the question on the tech synergy, and Chris can answer the financial synergy.

Antoine Legault: Sure.

Yuping Huang: On the tech side, as we discussed in the past, is our goal is to develop complete quantum product and solutions. For such, we will needed to have not only our core quantum nonlinear optical technology and circuits, but also photonics products and the controlling electronics, for example. With Luminar Semi, so they have very strong team on the lasers, on photodiodes, and on optical packaging and testing. We, in fact, have launched a handful of initiatives leveraging their team and manufacturing capabilities to advance our quantum device and systems development. In the meanwhile, so now we are working with them to develop and commercialize photonics for quantum. As many of you know, quantum technology requires some specialty photonic component in the circuits.

Speaker #6: And for such, we needed to have not only our core quantum nonlinear optical technology and circuits, but also photonics products and the controlling electronics, for example.

Speaker #6: With Luminar Semi, so they have very strong thing on the lasers, photodiodes, and on the optical packaging and the testing. We in fact have launched a handful leveraging their team and manufacturing capabilities to advance our quantum device and the systems development.

Yuping Huang: We, in fact, have launched a handful of initiatives leveraging their team and manufacturing capabilities to advance our quantum device and systems development. In the meanwhile, so now we are working with them to develop and commercialize photonics for quantum. As many of you know, quantum technology requires some specialty photonic component in the circuits.

Speaker #6: And in the meanwhile, so now we are working with them to develop and commercialize photonics for quantum as many of you know quantum technology requires some specialty photonic component and the circuits.

Speaker #6: And now we have a team who understand both photonics and quantum. So I think we are in a very unique position to provide solutions and become a supply for photonics for quantum.

Yuping Huang: Now we have a team who understand both photonics and quantum, so I think we are in a very unique position to provide solutions and become a supplier for photonics for quantum. This is on the tech synergy side, from with Luminar Semiconductor. NuCrypt, actually, we already have very high synergy in the areas of quantum communications technology and systems. In fact, our approach to quantum communication are complementary to each other. With NuCrypt, we offer a complete toolbox and a whole suite of quantum communications technology that should be able to meet the needs of the majority of the customers. Chris, would you talk about the synergy on the other side?

Speaker #6: So this is on the tech synergy side. From with Luminar Semiconductor, and NuCrypt actually so we already have very high synergy in the areas of quantum communications, technology, and systems.

Speaker #6: In fact, our approach to quantum communication are complementary to each other with NuCrypt. We offer a complete toolbox and a whole suite of quantum communications technology that should be able to meet the needs of the majority of the customers.

Yuping Huang: In fact, our approach to quantum communication are complementary to each other. With NuCrypt, we offer a complete toolbox and a whole suite of quantum communications technology that should be able to meet the needs of the majority of the customers. Chris, would you talk about the synergy on the other side?

Speaker #6: Chris, would you talk about the synergy on the other side?

Speaker #9: Sure. That's a really good question. And the short answer is that companies are all small. So it's not like there's a big back-office processing center that we can consolidate with another one.

Christopher Roberts: Sure. That's a really good question. The short answer is that companies are all small, so there's not like there's a big back office processing center that we can consolidate with another one. However, now that we are close to 200 people, we're able to get better bids on things like employee benefits. Insurance is a little bit more cost-effective. There are some things that benefit from scale.

Speaker #9: However, now that we are close to 200 people, we're able to get better bids on things like volume benefits. Insurance is a little bit more cost-effective.

Speaker #9: There are some things that benefit from scale. The other part that sort of touches on finance, but also rolls into what Yuping was talking about, is that the there are some synergies in the business development area where as a combined entity, we're able to go after some very interesting opportunities by combining the core QCI technology with the NuCrypt technology or with the LSI technology or some combination of those and we're able to go after more business than we were before.

Christopher Roberts: The other part that sort of touches on finance but also rolls into what Yu Peng was talking about is that there are some synergies in the business development area, where as a combined entity, we're able to go after some very interesting opportunities by combining either the core QCi technology with the NuCrypt technology or with the LSI technology or some combination of those. We're able to go after more business than we were before. There is a synergy there. You don't anticipate a lot of direct cost savings from redundancies, if that's really what you're driving at. All the companies were operating with a fairly lean back office staff.

Christopher Roberts: We're able to go after more business than we were before. There is a synergy there. You don't anticipate a lot of direct cost savings from redundancies, if that's really what you're driving at. All the companies were operating with a fairly lean back office staff.

Speaker #9: So there is a synergy there. You don't anticipate a lot of direct cost savings from redundancies if that's really what you're driving at. All the companies who are operating with a fairly lean back office staff, but we are finding that there are some synergistic activity between the different teams and it's going to help us grow and integrate the skill sets of the financial and legal and contract staff of the different companies are complementary.

Christopher Roberts: We are finding that there's some synergistic activity between the different teams, and it's gonna help us grow and integrate, the skill sets of the financial and, legal and contract staff of the different companies, are complementary. They work well together, and they're making us more effective. I hope that answers your question.

Speaker #9: They work well together and they're making us more effective. So I hope that answers your question. It does. And thank you for both for the very comprehensive answers.

Antoine Legault: It does. Thank you for the for both for the very comprehensive answers. Maybe last quick one from me. It's on Fab One. You mentioned, you know, you're ramping a small batch manufacturing, and it's begun to generate early revenue. Can you give us a sense of the expected ramp in revenue from here through the rest of the year and, you know, into 2026? You know, can you Compare and contrast that compared to the revenue you expected to generate from the LSI acquisition, which I believe had been, you had pointed to $20 to $25 million in annual run rate. Beyond that, is there any other, you know, contribution from your Fab One manufacturing revenue? Thank you.

Speaker #9: Last quick one for me. On Fab One, you mentioned you're ramping small batch manufacturing and it's begun to generate early revenue. Can you give us a sense of the expected ramp in revenue from here through the rest of the year and into 2026?

Speaker #9: Can you just compare and contrast that compared to the revenue you expect it to generate from the LSI acquisition, which I believe had been you had pointed to 20 to 25 million in annual run rate?

Antoine Legault: You know, can you Compare and contrast that compared to the revenue you expected to generate from the LSI acquisition, which I believe had been, you had pointed to $20 to $25 million in annual run rate. Beyond that, is there any other, you know, contribution from your Fab One manufacturing revenue? Thank you.

Speaker #9: But beyond that, is there any other contribution from your Fab One manufacturing revenue? Thank you. Yuping, let me take that one. As we disclosed, in the press release and then Q, our of our 200 and some odd thousand revenue, 120 some odd thousand was directly from foundry-related sales, which is a four or fivefold increase over fourth quarter of '25.

Christopher Roberts: Yuping, let me take that one. As we disclosed in the press release in the 10-Q, of our $200 some odd thousand revenue, $120 some odd thousand was directly from foundry-related sales, which is a 4 or 5-fold increase over Q4 of 2025. As we get better at processing these advanced circuit designs, we're confident that that is going to continue to grow, probably not at a dramatic pace, but we're getting better at it. Putting together a chip fabrication facility is something that is not just a matter of plugging in the machines and, you know, turning them on. There's a lot of know-how and skill that goes into putting together these advanced prototype chipsets.

Speaker #9: And as we get better at processing these advanced circuit designs, we're confident that that is going to continue to grow—probably not at a dramatic pace, but we're getting better at it.

Speaker #9: And putting together a chip fabrication facility is something that is not just a matter of plugging in the machines and turning them on. There's a lot of know-how and skill that goes into putting together these advanced prototype chip sets.

Christopher Roberts: Putting together a chip fabrication facility is something that is not just a matter of plugging in the machines and, you know, turning them on. There's a lot of know-how and skill that goes into putting together these advanced prototype chipsets.

Speaker #9: The contribution of the Fab is several orders of magnitude below what we're seeing from Luminar. And it probably will remain a considerably smaller but we are expecting that to grow as we're able to successfully deliver these prototype chips and interact with the customers, hopefully get follow-on orders and take it from there.

Christopher Roberts: The contribution of the Fab is several orders of magnitude below what we're seeing from Luminar, and it probably will remain a considerably smaller. We are expecting that to grow as we're able to successfully deliver these prototype chips and interact with the customers, hopefully get follow-on orders and take it from there.

Speaker #3: Yeah. I just wanted to add that we did not apply for Fab One to become the angel of revenue. So instead, in our strategic plan, so we are looking at Fab One as our engine for innovation and chip production validation.

Yuping Huang: Yeah.

Antoine Legault: Thank you.

Yuping Huang: Just wanted to add that, we did not plan for Fab One to become, you know, engine of revenue. Instead is in our strategic plan. We are looking at Fab One as our engine for innovation and chip production validation as a necessary and very helpful step to our Fab Two. We are using Fab One to understand better what it takes for us to get to the volume production of the chips, because we needed to first develop and stabilize lots of recipe, as Chris said. It is not just to turn on the machine and you will automatically get a lot of chips. There are lots of work to do to develop the know-how and later transfer this know-how to our Fab Two.

Speaker #3: As a necessary and very helpful step to our Fab Two. So we are using Fab One to understand better what it takes for us to get to the volume production of the chips because we needed to first develop and stabilize lots of recipe as Chris said.

Speaker #3: It is not just to turn on the machine and you will automatically get a lot of chips. There is a lot of work to do to develop the know-how, and later transfer that know-how to our Fab Two.

Yuping Huang: It is not just to turn on the machine and you will automatically get a lot of chips. There are lots of work to do to develop the know-how and later transfer this know-how to our Fab Two.

Speaker #9: Understood. Thank you so much.

Antoine Legault: Understood. Thank you so much.

Speaker #3: Thank you, Tony.

Yuping Huang: Thank you, Tony.

Speaker #1: Thank you. The next question will be from Troy Jensen from Canter Fitzgerald. Troy, your line is live.

Operator: Thank you. The next question will be from Troy Jensen for Cantor Fitzgerald. Troy, your line is live.

Speaker #10: Hey, gentlemen. Thanks for sneaking me in here. A couple of questions for Chris. First of all, just gross margins. I'm just thinking there may have been some one-time stuff in the March quarter.

Troy Jensen: Hey, gentlemen. thanks for sneaking me in here. a couple questions for Chris. first of all.

Christopher Roberts: Okay.

Troy Jensen: Just gross margins. I'm just thinking there may have been some one-time stuff in the Q1. Kind of going forward as LSI is more fully integrated and we have a full quarter, are gross margins more in the 25% to 35% range? Any help on that would be great.

Speaker #10: I mean, kind of going forward as LSI is more fully integrated and we have a full quarter, are gross margins more in the 25 to 30, 35 percent range or any help on that would be great?

Speaker #9: Sure. I appreciate you picking up on that. Yeah. Gross margins were came in for pretty low. And what's driving that is underutilization. As understand, the chip business is very capital intensive.

Christopher Roberts: Sure. I appreciate you picking up on that. Yeah, gross margins were pretty low. What's driving that is underutilization. As you probably understand, the chip business is very capital intensive, and the capital equipment, once you turn it on and start using it, you have to amortize that. When the utilization of the facility falls below a certain point, you just have a lot of costs with relatively little revenue to offset it. That was what affected the gross margins in Q1. We started recognizing revenue in Fab One, but that required us to recognize a lot of the production overhead costs, which is part of accounting.

Speaker #9: And the capital equipment, once you turn it on and start using it, you have to amortize that. And when the utilization of the facility falls below a certain point, you just have a lot of costs with relatively little revenue to offset it.

Christopher Roberts: When the utilization of the facility falls below a certain point, you just have a lot of costs with relatively little revenue to offset it. That was what affected the gross margins in Q1. We started recognizing revenue in Fab One, but that required us to recognize a lot of the production overhead costs, which is part of accounting.

Speaker #9: And that's what affected the gross margins in Q1. We started recognizing revenue in the Fab One but that required us to recognize a lot of the production overhead costs, which is part of accounting.

Speaker #9: Same thing with Luminar. They're coming out of the Luminar technology bankruptcy. Going through a phase where the production volume was a little on the low side.

Troy Jensen: Gotcha.

Christopher Roberts: Same thing with Luminar. They're, you know, coming out of the Luminar Technologies bankruptcy, going through a phase where the production volume was a little on the low side. There's a lot of unabsorbed cost that hit the gross margins. We should be able to get back to 20%, 30% as volume picks up, but I can't really tell you exactly how long it's gonna take to get there.

Speaker #9: So there's a lot of unabsorbed cost that hit the gross margins. We should be able to get back to 20, 30 percent as volume picks up.

Speaker #9: But it's I can't really tell you exactly how long it's going to take to get there.

Speaker #10: Understood. That was helpful enough. And how about also, can you just give us a little color on the OPEX lines? You mentioned a lot of M&A-related expense and G&A.

Troy Jensen: Understood. That was helpful enough. How about also, can you just give us a little color on the OpEx lines? You mentioned a lot of M&A related expense in G&A. I mean, if you strip that out and think of kind of a normal G&A quarter or on the flip side, I think R&D should go up because we've got a full quarter of Luminar or LSI here. Just thoughts on kind of OpEx sequentially here.

Speaker #10: So, I mean, if you strip that out and think of kind of a normal G&A quarter, or— and on the flip side, I think R&D should go up because you'll get a full quarter of LSI here.

Speaker #10: But just thoughts on kind of OPEX sequentially here.

Speaker #9: Okay. Yeah. M&A costs, we're close to $6 million. And just in the first quarter, there's a lot of legal fees and due diligence fees and banker fees.

Christopher Roberts: Okay. M&A costs were close to $6 million just in Q1. There's a lot of legal fees and due diligence fees and banker fees. It's just an expensive process, and that did cause a spike in the G&A. In terms of the run rate, keep in mind that in Q1, we added the management costs or G&A cost of two other Luminar and LSI and NuCrypt to the total. There was more people and more G&A related expenses. The increase was in line with what we would expect given that QCi's core staff was 75 people and brought on another 100 people in Q1.

Speaker #9: So it's just an expensive process. And that did cause a spike in the G&A. In terms of other run rate keep in mind that in the first quarter, we added the management costs.

Speaker #9: G&A costs of two other Luminar and LSI and Newcrypt to the total. So there was just more people and more G&A-related expenses. The increase was in line with what we would expect, given that QCI's core staff was 75 people and brought on another 100 people in the first quarter.

Speaker #9: So that most of the costs are related to most of the costs other than the M&A-related external costs really are driven by the increase in headcount.

Christopher Roberts: Most of the costs are related to, well, most of the costs other than the M&A-related external costs really are driven by the increase in headcount.

Speaker #10: Got it. All right, guys. Thanks. Good luck going forward.

Troy Jensen: Got it. All right, guys. Thanks. Good luck going forward.

Speaker #9: Thank you. Appreciate your joining the call.

Christopher Roberts: Thank you. Appreciate your joining the call.

Speaker #3: Thank you, Troy.

Troy Jensen: Thank you, Charlie.

Speaker #1: Thank you for the next question will be from Nihal Chokhshy from Northern Capital. Nihal, your line is live.

Operator: Thank you. The next question will be from Nehal Chokshi from Northland Capital. Nehal, your line is live.

Speaker #9: Yeah. Thank you. And congrats on the acquisition, especially Luminar one. Really like that one. Very nice. So just to put a point on it, can you just explicitly say what is the new quarterly OPEX run rate with these acquisitions now folded in?

Nehal Chokshi: Yeah, thank you, and congrats on the acquisitions, especially the Luminar one. Really like that one. Very nice. Just to put a point on it, can you just explicitly say what is the new quarterly OpEx run rate with these acquisitions now folded in?

Christopher Roberts: I don't really have that number at this point. I'm gonna dodge that question for the moment.

Speaker #9: I don't really have that number at this point. So I'm going to dodge that question for the moment.

Speaker #10: All right. That's fine. Do you think can you describe the final engineering hurdle in more detail that's being currently worked on in response to one of the questions I was asked earlier today here?

Nehal Chokshi: All right, that's fine. Two things. Can you describe the final engineering hurdle in more detail that's being currently worked on, in response to one of the questions that was asked earlier today here?

Speaker #9: You're talking about 3 capability hurdle or the gate model hurdle?

Christopher Roberts: You're talking about the Dirac-3 capability hurdle or the gate model hurdle?

Speaker #10: Gate model hurdle.

Nehal Chokshi: Gate model hurdle.

Speaker #9: Okay.

Christopher Roberts: Okay.

Speaker #3: Yeah. Okay. So gate model hurdle. Very good question, Nihal. So you know that I've been thinking about this question of how to build a room temperature quantum computer for over 10 years in factories close to 15 years.

Yuping Huang: Yeah. Okay. Gate model hurdle, very good question, Nehal. You know that, I've been thinking about this question of how to build a room temperature quantum computer for over 10 years. In fact, it's close to 15 years. I believe that, figured out everything on the technology and the physics side, but the last remaining hurdle is really on the engineering side. In fact, through our validated simulation and is based on many of our proof of concept experiments, we have identified that we have to achieve 5 pretty extreme conditions for the photons to interact strongly with each other. That is really to bring the nonlinear optics to the single photon level. So far, we have achieved 4 and a half.

Speaker #3: I have I believe that figured out everything on the technology and the physics side. But the last remaining hurdle is really on the engineering side.

Speaker #3: In fact, throughout validated simulation and based on many of our proof of concept experiments, we have identified that we have to achieve five pretty extreme conditions for the photons to induct strongly with each other.

Yuping Huang: In fact, through our validated simulation and is based on many of our proof of concept experiments, we have identified that we have to achieve 5 pretty extreme conditions for the photons to interact strongly with each other. That is really to bring the nonlinear optics to the single photon level. So far, we have achieved 4 and a half.

Speaker #3: So that is really to bring the nonlinear optic to the single photon level. And so far, so we have achieved four and a half the other half is that we needed to increase the quality factor of our microwave resonators to be about 10 million.

Yuping Huang: The other half is that, we needed to increase the quality factor of our microwave resonators to be above 10 million. I can tell you that right now, we are at a mark of 2 million. We also have done a lot of tests to find a way to get it to the 10 million. Right now this is something that I'm pretty confident that we can achieve. Just I needed to get our engineers in our fab 1 a little bit more time so that they can consistently achieve over 10 million on the chips that we make. Because eventually, it is not that, we need just 1 gate.

Speaker #3: And I can tell you that right now, so we are at a mark of 2 million. And of course, we have the recipe, and we also have done a lot of tests to have found a way to get it to the 10 million.

Speaker #3: Think right now, this is something that I'm pretty confident that we can achieve. But just needed to get our engineers in our Fab One a little bit more time so that they can consistently achieve over 10 million.

Yuping Huang: Just I needed to get our engineers in our fab 1 a little bit more time so that they can consistently achieve over 10 million on the chips that we make. Because eventually, it is not that, we need just 1 gate.

Speaker #3: On the chips that we make because eventually, it is not that we need just one gate. We needed to integrate tens of hundreds of gates on a single inch square chip.

Yuping Huang: We needed to integrate tens of hundreds of gates on a single inch square chip. This is the last engineering hurdle.

Speaker #3: So this is the last engineering hurdle.

Speaker #10: Okay. That's great. Thank you for that detail. And then you also mentioned that there are some specialty photonics components for quantum. Which particular components are you talking about that's specific to quantum?

Nehal Chokshi: Okay. That's great. Thank you for that detail. Then you also mentioned that there are some specialty photonics components for quantum. Which particular components are you talking about that's specific to quantum?

Speaker #3: Yeah. Four examples. So the way that we create quantum entanglement in photonics is by using a laser to drive what people call spontaneous parametric down conversion process.

Yuping Huang: Yeah. For example, the way that we create quantum entanglement in photonics is by using a laser to drive what people call spontaneous parametric down conversion process. In order to have very high purity in the generated entangled photon pairs, you have to start with a very high quality laser with narrow lineups and with almost zero phase noise, especially in the wavelengths channels of the entangled photons. You have to make sure that the laser itself is very clean. This requirement is very strong and Oftentimes say it is only pertaining to such quantum entanglement generation process. Another is that, as you know, for quantum, we have to minimize the losses. Because if a photon is lost, it's lost, and the game is over.

Speaker #3: And in order to have very high purity, in the generated entangled photon pairs, you have to start with very high-quality laser with narrow line widths and with almost zero phase noise especially in the wavelength channels of the entangled photons.

Speaker #3: So, you have to make sure that the laser itself is very clean. And this requirement is very strong. And oftentimes, say, it is only pertaining to such quantum entanglement generation process.

Yuping Huang: You have to make sure that the laser itself is very clean. This requirement is very strong and Oftentimes say it is only pertaining to such quantum entanglement generation process. Another is that, as you know, for quantum, we have to minimize the losses. Because if a photon is lost, it's lost, and the game is over.

Speaker #3: And another is that as you know, for quantum we have to minimize the losses and because if a photon is lost is lost and the game is over.

Speaker #3: So we really needed to minimize the loss all the way through the transmission line. And this is hard and this is also a unique requirement for quantum.

Yuping Huang: We really needed to minimize the loss all the way through the transmission line. This is hard. This is also a unique requirement for quantum. There are other special requirements for photonic devices suitable for quantum applications. Okay. Thank you very much for that explanation. Thank you, Nehal.

Speaker #3: There are other special requirements for photonic devices suitable for quantum applications.

Speaker #9: Okay. Thank you very much for that explanation.

Nehal Chokshi: Okay. Thank you very much for that explanation.

Speaker #3: Thank you, Nihal.

Yuping Huang: Thank you, Nehal.

Speaker #10: Thank you. And the next question will be from Ed Wu from Ascendian Capital. Ed, your line is live.

Operator: Thank you. The next question will be from Edward Woo from Ascendiant Capital. Edward, your line is live.

Speaker #11: Yeah. Congratulations on all the progress. My question is, Quantum typically focused on domestic opportunities. Now, with the acquisition of NuCrypt and LSI, does that diversify your potential revenue and geographic reach?

Edward Woo: Yeah. Congratulations on all the progress. My question is, you know, quantum typically focused on domestic opportunities. Now, with the acquisition of NuCrypt and LSI, does that diversify your potential revenue and geographic reach?

Speaker #3: Yes. In fact, Nucrypt was one of the very first companies in the US to have started the commercializing quantum communication technology. So they have sold their product to quite a few countries in the world.

Yuping Huang: Yes. In fact, NuCrypt was one of the very first companies in the US to have started commercializing quantum communication technology. They have sold their product to quite a few countries in the world, and we certainly plan to tap on the successes and use the pipeline to expand our overseas commercial presence. EM4, they already have strong base in the defense and aerospace, not only in the US but also in Europe. This is also an area that we will continue to support and potentially grow and also utilize those pipelines to quickly expand our quantum product market.

Speaker #3: And we certainly plan to tap on the successes and use pipeline to expand our overseas commercial presence. And they already have strong base in the defense and aerospace not only in the US but also in Europe.

Yuping Huang: EM4, they already have strong base in the defense and aerospace, not only in the US but also in Europe. This is also an area that we will continue to support and potentially grow and also utilize those pipelines to quickly expand our quantum product market.

Speaker #3: So this is also an area that we will continue to support, and potentially grow, and also utilize those pipelines to quickly expand our quantum product market.

Speaker #11: Thanks for answering my questions. And I wish you guys good luck. Thank you.

Edward Woo: Thanks for answering my questions, and I wish you guys good luck. Thank you.

Speaker #3: Thank you so much, Ed.

Yuping Huang: Thank you. Thanks so much, Ed.

Speaker #10: Thank you. This does conclude today's Q&A session. I will now turn the call over to management for a final remarks.

Operator: Thank you. This does conclude today's Q&A session. I will now turn the call over to management for final remarks.

Yuping Huang: Thank you for your time. Really appreciate you joining our call and those questions. Should you have any further question, please feel free to reach out to our investor relations. I wish everybody a great rest of your day. Thank you.

Speaker #11: Thank you, for your time. Really appreciate you joining our call and those questions. Should you have any further questions, please feel free to reach out to our investor relations.

Speaker #11: I wish everybody a great rest of your day. Thank you.

Operator: Thank you. This does conclude today's conference. You may disconnect your lines at this time. Thank you for your participation.